Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a man with a ruptured intracranial dermoid cyst, suffering from headache, nausea, vomiting and a generalised seizure. MRI was performed before and 2 weeks after surgical resection. On T1-weighted images the tumour gave high signal, as did fatty material in the frontal and parietal brain sulci. Identification of this hyper-intense material as lipids was possible by chemical-shift-selective 3D gradient-echo imaging, which provided excellent contrast between the subarachnoid lipids and the adjacent normal brain, with a good spatial resolution. Possible complications of subarachnoid and intraventricular lipid particles after dermoid cyst rupture are discussed and the diagnostic value of 3 D chemical-shift-selective additional to conventional T-1-weighted spin-echo images in identification of even small amounts of fat is emphasised.
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PMID:Three-dimensional chemical shift-selective MRI of a ruptured intracranial dermoid cyst. 888 Jul 22

A 20-month-old boy had an 8-week history of vomiting, lethargy, generalized muscle weakness, and seizures. There was no history or clinical signs of an underlying systemic disease or an immunodeficiency. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) had 99 nucleated cells/cu mm, malignant cells, high protein and normal glucose. CT and MRI scans showed diffuse meningeal enhancement around the brain and spinal cord, but no parenchymal involvement. Biopsy of the leptomeninges showed malignant cells with marked nuclear pleomorphism and prominent clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm. The immunohistochemical studies were positive for histiocyte-macrophage markers and were negative with T and B cells, Ki-1, neural and glial cell antibodies. Multiple tests revealed no other site of disease. The patient died 3 months after onset of treatment despite intensive i.v. and intrathecal chemotherapy. We have not found any other reported case of primary histiocytic leptomeningeal lymphoma in a young child.
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PMID:Primary leptomeningeal histiocytic lymphoma in a young child. 888 15

A 7-year-old boy presented with a 4-week history of daily headache. His parents reported that he was unable to attend school the week prior to presentation. Intermittent nausea without vomiting was reported, but no blurred vision, photophobia, or diplopia were described. There was no history of trauma or recent systemic illness. The physical examination showed mild neck discomfort, no papilledema, and normal cranial nerve, motor and sensory functioning. Both a CT scan of the sinuses and an MRI of the brain were normal. Although the opening pressure was elevated, the cerebrospinal fluid was also normal. In previous accounts of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in children, concomitant papilledema, visual symptoms and/or palsy of the sixth cranial nerve are described. This case demonstrates that idiopathic intracranial hypertension in a young child can present as a daily headache without any visual symptoms or signs.
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PMID:Idiopathic intracranial hypertension in a young child without visual symptoms or signs. 891 68

Since the first descriptions of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) were put forth it has become evident that myelinolysis may not be exclusively restricted to the pons. In many cases myelinolysis may share other brain regions, while in still others the pons may not be affected at all, as in the present case of pure basal ganglia myelinolysis. Regardless of geographic location, too rapid correction of hyponatremia has been invoked as the triggering mechanism which leads to both CPM and extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM). This case of EPM is that of a 61-year-old male who suffered spinal cord compression and quadriplegia due to the breakdown of a double cervical fusion at C4-5/C5-6 for herniated discs. One month later, following vomiting and poor food intake, a low serum Na+ of 101 mmol/l developed and was corrected to 128 mmol/l in 37 h (and from 104 mmol/l to 121 mmol/l in 15 h). Altered mental status ensued and a T2 weighted MRI showed symmetrical, bilateral high intensity foci in the basal ganglia 3 weeks before death. Histologically there were bilateral, circumscribed, spheroidal areas of demyelination involving the striatal fibers which course through the putamina. The pons was spared. This case illustrates that extrapontine, basal ganglia myelinolysis may occur in the absence of CPM or alternate areas of myelinolysis. We discuss other cases of EPM, with and without CPM, to define the brain regions involved. MRI is uncovering many new cases of EPM and CPM. This permits one to follow the evolution of the myelinolytic lesions and to correlate their progression or regression with treatment modalities and the neurological findings.
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PMID:Extrapontine myelinolysis of the basal ganglia without central pontine myelinolysis. 892 4

Familial occurrence of intracerebral cavernous angioma has been rarely reported. We report two histologically verified cases of cavernous angioma among brothers and review relevant cases in the literature. Case 1 is that of a 3-year-old boy who suffered front acute onset of headache, vomiting, and tonic-clonic type seizure. CT revealed a well-demarcated tumor with partial hemorrhage in the left frontal lobe which was strongly enhanced with contrast Medium. Complete excision was carried out and the patient had a satisfactory clinical course and was able to be followed up for 13 years after the Surgery. Case 2 is that of a 17-year-old boy who was the elder brother of case 1 and presented with gradually increasing episodes of a psychomotor seizure which started at the age of 16. CT and MRI revealed a well-demarcated tumor in the left subcortical temporal lobe and an asymptomatic small calcified lesion in the left subcortical parietal lobe. The temporal tumor was totally excised and histologically diagnosed as cavernous angioma. The seizures gradually decreased and eventually disappeared one year after the surgery. This report reviews 13 previously reported cases, and surgical indication for asymptomatic cases.
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PMID:[Familial occurrence of intracerebral cavernous angioma: report of cases in brothers]. 892 18

We described a 4-month-old boy with cerebral infarction due to streptococcal meningitis. He complained of cough and high fever for 2 days. On the next day he admitted to our hospital because of bad humor, drowsiness, and vomiting associated with high fever, respiratory failure and loss of consciousness. On admission, he had opisthotonic posturing, anisocoria and elevated deep tendon reflexes with left side dominance. The cerebrospinal fluid showed increased cells (564/mm3), protein (295 mg/dl), and decreased sugar (1 mg/dl). Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. Despite intensive treatment by antibiotics, glycerol, and dexamethasone, general condition was worsened, MRI showed a high intense area along the territory of bilateral anterior cerebral arteries and left middle cerebral artery 3-D time-of-flight MRA revealed a decreased signal of these arteries, confirming cerebral infarction. Recanalization of the arteries were observed 17 days after the first MRA examination. Since complication of cerebral infarction influences the prognosis of meningitis, repetitive MRA is very beneficial in patients with bacterial meningitis in order to evaluate the vascular lesion.
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PMID:[Usefulness of MRA in an infant with cerebral infarction due to streptococcal meningitis]. 894 Aug 80

We report MRI changes in a spontaneous intracranial hypotension(SIH). The patient was 29-year-old woman, who developed headaches in upright position, nausea, and vomiting preceded by pressure feeling of ears. Neurological examination was unremarkable except for hyperreflexia in the lower extremities. Lumbar punctures revealed very low opening pressure, a mild elevated CSF protein and a mild pleocytosis. No evidence of underlying systemic or neoplastic diseases was noted. The brain and cervical MRI showed diffuse and continuous pachymeningeal enhancement with gadolinium. Her symptoms gradually improved within two months without any treatment, and follow-up MRI showed resolution of the abnormalities within five months. The dural enhancement with gadolinium seen in the SIH should be kept in mind in case of hypertrophic pachymeningitis of unknown etiology, and be differentiated from such diseases as hypertrophic pachymeningitis associated with infectious, neoplastic diseases or sarcoidosis.
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PMID:[MRI changes in spontaneous intracranial hypotension]. 895 66

Amyloid deposits in leptomeningeal vessels, subarachnoid, subpial, and subependymal cerebrospinal regions, spinal ganglia, peripheral nerves, and some internal organs (predominantly heart and kidney) characterize a dominantly inherited disease in a Hungarian family. We found four definitely and three probably affected members in this family of 56 persons in four generations. Clinical features in all definitely diseased patients include disturbance of memory, psychomotor deceleration, ataxia, and hearing loss. In most patients there was temporary disorientation, migraine-like headache with vomiting, and tremor. Some patients had nystagmus, pyramidal signs with spastic paraparesis, hallucinations, urinary retention, and obstipation. Single patients had facial tics and sleep disorders. Progressive visual disturbance and clinically manifest polyneuropathy were absent. CSF protein was markedly elevated in all patients. CT showed characteristic symmetric calcification along the sylvian fissure; MRI after contrast administration showed prominent enhancement at the surface of the sylvian fissures, brainstem, and cerebellum. Autopsy data was available in three definitely affected patients and in one unaffected family member. Immunohistochemistry identified the amyloid deposits as of the AF (transthyretin, TTR) type; DNA studies revealed a novel TTR missense mutation at codon 18 (TTR Asp18Gly). According to clinical features, pathologic alterations, and molecular studies, this disease is a novel type of systemic familial amyloidosis with disease manifestation clinically restricted to the CNS. It is similar to the oculoleptomeningeal amyloidoses but can be clinically diagnosed by characteristic CTs and the absence of progressive visual impairment.
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PMID:Familial meningocerebrovascular amyloidosis, Hungarian type, with mutant transthyretin (TTR Asp18Gly) 896 Jul 46

We report a 43-year-old woman who suffered from Listeria monocytogenes meningitis. She was admitted to our hospital because of headache, nausea, vomiting, and fever. On admission she had no abnormal neurological signs except for severe nuchal stiffness. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination on the day of admission revealed pleocytosis and increased total protein level. The CSF culture demonstrated Listeria monocytogenes. Because ampicillin therapy was not effective, erythromycin (8 g/day) was added. After 12 hours of erythromycin therapy, the patient complained of moderate hearing difficulty. Erythromycin was then stopped on the next day. Her hearing improved and became normal within 48 hours after discontinuation of erythromycin. Contrast MRI of the brain revealed enhancement of the ependyma of the lateral ventricle, suggesting the presence of ventriculitis. By parenteral administration of ampicillin and cephazolin, clinical symptoms improved quickly, and abnormal CSF and MRI findings were normalized. Listeria meningitis accompanied with ventriculitis has been reported in neonates and infants, but not in adults. In addition, this is the first case with erythromycin-induced hearing loss in the Japanese literature. Hearing should be regularly examined in patients who are treated with high-dose erythromycin (> or = 4 g/day), and the drug should be immediately discontinued when the patient develops hearing loss.
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PMID:[Erythromycin-induced hearing loss in a patient with Listeria monocytogenes meningo-ventriculitis]. 897 38

A 15-year-old man was admitted because of diplopia and bilateral ptosis which occurred a few days after initial clinical signs, such as fever up, nausea, vomiting and headache. His pupils were anisocoric (Rt. phi 3.5 mm < Lt. phi 6.0 mm). In his left eye, light reflex was absent and its movements were limited in all directions. Brain MRI revealed the findings of paranasal sinusitis in bilateral ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses and swelling of bilateral cavernous sinus. Combination of intravenous antibiotic therapy and drainage improved his clinical symptoms and MRI findings. It was diagnosed as the inflammation originated in the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses, which extended to the cavernous sinus and then involved III, IV, and VI cranial nerves. In conclusion, MRI was very useful to detect the cavernous sinusitis secondary to sphenoidal sinusitis.
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PMID:[A case of paranasal sinusitis-cavernous sinusitis with ophthalmoplegia externa]. 899 45


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