Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 48-year-old female with multiple sclerosis (MS) accompanied by intractable hiccups of over one month' duration and the sleep apnea syndrome was reported. This MS patient had been well controlled until September 16, 1991 when she experienced nausea, vomiting and hiccups. The patient was admitted to Kawasaki Medical School Hospital on October 9, 1991. A physical examination revealed intractable hiccups. T1-weighted MRI showed a low and T2-weighted image disclosed a high signal intensity area in the tegmentum of the medulla oblongata. The intractable hiccups and vomiting improved with intravenous high dose methylprednisolone injection therapy. The following day, she complained of insomnia and her family observed severe snoring and apnea during the night. These symptoms and the results of a breathing monitor were compatible with the sleep apnea syndrome. These symptoms disappeared following the administration of amitriptyline. There have been few reports of the combination of intractable hiccups and the sleep apnea syndrome in MS. The MRI findings suggest that the causative lesion of these symptoms is in the tegmentum of the medulla oblongata.
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PMID:[A case of multiple sclerosis with intractable hiccups and sleep apnea syndrome]. 129 Nov 66

A woman with history of bifrontal headache, vomiting and loss of vision was diagnosed as a case of pseudotumor cerebri based on clinical and MRI findings. Bilateral abducens and facial nerve palsies were detected. Pseudotumor cerebri in this patient was not associated with any other illness or related to drug therapy. Treatment was given to lower the raised intracranial pressure to which the patient responded.
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PMID:Facial nerve involvement in pseudotumor cerebri. 130 20

The designation of "Infantile Bilateral Striatal Necrosis" (IBSN) was first given by Friede in 1975. However, this unusual condition was first described by Paterson and Carmichael in 1924. The disease is rare with uncertain etiology. The clinical picture includes choreoathetosis, abnormal eye movements, seizures and mental dullness. These circumstances often follow symptoms such as fever, vomiting and impaired consciousness. The final diagnosis is confirmed by pathological examination, which reveals symmetrical degeneration of bilateral basal ganglia. With present technology IBSN can be well demonstrated in the brain Ct scans or MRI scans nowadays. This article reports four cases with clinical manifestations which had appeared before the age of one year. Three cases had prodromal upper respiratory tract infection symptoms with vomiting, while seizure and impaired consciousness ensued. One case had several bouts of pneumonitis followed by seizures, impaired consciousness and abnormal eye movement. Brain sonogram of one of these cases showed hyper-echoic basal ganglia, while CT scans or MRI scans revealed symmetrical hypodensity or signal change over bilateral basal ganglia, respectively. All of these led to a bedridden life. These four cases are reported based on their clinical presentations and brain imaging findings, in spite of the absence of pathological confirmation. Some of the literature are also reviewed. To sum up, IBSN should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of symmetrical bilateral basal ganglia lesion after the exclusion of other disorders such as neurometabolic disorders, central nervous system infection, carbon monoxide intoxication, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, tumors and cerebrovascular disorders etc.
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PMID:[Infantile bilateral necrosis of the striatum of corpus: report of four cases]. 151 18

A 5-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital because of fever, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsion and disturbance of consciousness. She was diagnosed as having acute encephalopathy, which is characterized by the symmetrical low density area in the thalami on CT. Serial MRI findings revealed the bleeding with edema in the thalami, and multifocal lesions with prolonged T1 and T2 relaxation time in the acute phase of the illness. Multifocal lesions were no longer found two months later. The sequential changes on the images about the bleeding in the thalami were not confirmed by simultaneous CT scans. The findings of the bleeding in the thalamic lesion are consistent with those of an autopsy report previously described and indicate the vascular involvement in the thalami in acute encephalopathy, which is characterized by the symmetrical thalamic lesions with the characteristic finding of low density on CT scans.
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PMID:[A case of acute encephalopathy with symmetrical low density areas in the thalami on CT; serial CT and MRI findings]. 152 May 14

A 10-year-old girl had complained of headache, vomiting and blurred vision for one month before admission to our hospital. Her neurological findings were normal, except that the examination of the fundi revealed papilledema. The cerebrospinal fluid pressure was elevated to 220 mmH2O. The brain MRI showed bilateral and approximately symmetrical hyperintense areas located in the thalamus. These disappeared on the repeated MRI, and her symptoms regressed spontaneously within a month. Her illness was diagnosed as benign intracranial hypertension because of the favorable clinical course. These reversible thalamic lesions might be due to circulatory insufficiency associated with intracranial hypertension.
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PMID:[A case of benign intracranial hypertension with bilateral reversible thalamic lesions on magnetic resonance imaging]. 162 59

Fourteen new cases of cytochrome oxidase (COX)-associated Leigh syndrome (LS) are combined with 20 reported cases to describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of this devastating metabolic condition. Three clinical stages are identified. Most patients have normal neurological development during the first 8-12 months (stage I). Somatic complaints are common, including chronic diarrhea, recurrent vomiting, anorexia, and decelerating body and head growth. The second stage evolves during late infancy and early childhood when motor regression becomes evident. Eye signs, altered breathing patterns, pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar signs emerge and sudden clinical deterioration occurs during intercurrent infectious or metabolic stress. The last stage may extend from 2 to 10 years and is manifested by extreme hypotonia, swallowing difficulties and undernutrition. Feeding assistance is necessary and seizures may occur. The CSF lactate concentration is consistently elevated and MRI abnormalities are seen in the subcortical structures. COX deficiency affects most tissues, but is not always generalized. For example, 3 patients with a cardiomyopathy had normal COX activity in cultured skin fibroblasts. Nearly normal amounts of cross-reacting material are present by ELISA and immunoblot analyses. Parental consanguinity has been found in several families, the hereditary pattern is recessive and males are affected more commonly (2:1). The biomolecular abnormality causing COX deficiency in LS is unknown, but the available evidence implicates a nuclear-encoded protein that affects the structure or the stability of the holoenzyme complex.
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PMID:Cytochrome c oxidase-associated Leigh syndrome: phenotypic features and pathogenetic speculations. 165 84

The authors report a case of spinal subdural hematoma in a 51-year-old man who experienced a sudden onset of back pain accompanied by vomiting and headache without paralysis or paraparesis. CT Scan, myelography and MRI revealed a subdural hematoma at the levels of 6th, 7th and 8th thoracic vertebrales. Laminectomy allowed the removal of an encapsulated cyst formation filled with xanthochromic fluid and some blood clots. The follow-up was uneventful.
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PMID:Spinal subdural hematoma. 179 73

Cerebellar infarcts have long been underrecognized both clinically and neuroradiologically. In approximately a quarter of cases, they are oedematous and may require, unlike other cerebral infarcts, a sometimes life saving surgery when there are signs of brain stem compression. Benign infarcts are more frequent, but inaugural symptoms are identical: vertigo, headache, vomiting, unsteadiness, and dysarthria of sudden onset. Brain stem and occipital symptoms can be associated and are sometimes prominent. The infarct can be shown by CT but MRI is the method of choice for early recognition, precise delineation, and detection of associated brain stem infarcts. Prognosis is good when the infarct is restricted to the cerebellum, and poor when the brain stem is involved, a fact which should be taken into account in the surgical decision making. Cardiac emboli are the leading cause followed by atherothrombotic occlusions. These are usually located in the intracranial part of the vertebral artery and less frequently in the lower basilar artery, and are therefore inaccessible to prophylactic vascular surgery.
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PMID:[Cerebellar infarction]. 841 82

The use of Gadolinium-DTPA as a paramagnetic contrast agent in MRI with adults and juveniles concerning brain and spinal cord pathology is well proven since years. Tolerance and safety were excellent. In the FRG it is only introduced for children over two years of age. Therefore this report deals with the experience in four infants and small children under the age of two, who received gadolinium-DTPA for diagnostic purposes in pre- or post-operative circumstances. They all were suffering from neurological tumors and got additional diagnostic information in three cases. Clinical side-effects like urticaria, vomiting or convulsions had not been observed nor had pathologic changes of the biochemical parameters been noticed.
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PMID:[Initial experiences with the use of gadolinium DTPA in infants and children under 2 years of age]. 191 97

A 42-year-old woman developed an abrupt onset of severe headache, nausea, vomiting, unstable gait and numbness around the right side of her mouth and in her right hand. Neurological examination revealed bilateral pyramidal tract signs and hypesthesia of her right palmar tip and the right side of her mouth. However, pain and temperature sensibility was preserved. Cerebrospinal fluid was clear and colorless. CT scan showed an enhancing mass in the prepontine cistern compressing the pontine base. Vertebral angiography revealed irregular narrowing of bilateral vertebral arteries (string sign) proximal to a fusiform aneurysm on the entire length of the basilar artery. MRI showed double lumina in the wall of the aneurysm. The medial lemniscus conducts the discriminatory tactile and the deep sensory impulses from the extremities. The ventral ascending tract of the trigeminal nerve conducts the discriminatory tactile sensory impulses from the face. These two tracts lie close together in the pontine tegmentum, which is also a watershed area of the paramedian branches and circumferential branches of the basilar artery. We suggest that in this case the dissecting aneurysm caused ischemia of these two tracts in the left pontine tegmentum, presenting right cheiro-oral syndrome.
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PMID:[A mechanism of cheiro-oral syndrome due to brainstem lesions, a case of a dissecting aneurysm of the basilar artery]. 193 69


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