Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 36-year-old woman had for two months experienced progressively more marked diffuse abdominal pain, at times colicky, as well as nausea, vomiting and severe constipation. In addition, paraesthesias and motor weakness developed in the thighs. This was accompanied by a normochromic, normocytic anaemia with a haemoglobin concentration of 9.6 g/l. A short time later her mother and daughter also fell ill with similar symptoms. After symptomatic treatment had failed, secondary coproporphyria due to lead poisoning was found. The poisoning had resulted from criminal contamination of food, especially of cocoa powder, with lead acetate. Raised lead concentrations in serum were found in two other members of the family. In all the patients treatment was undertaken with sodium calcium edetate (20 mg/kg body-weight) in several three-day cycles, achieving a gradual fall in serum lead concentration. When the level had fallen to below 4 mumol/l the symptoms disappeared. Below 3 mumol/l porphyria was no longer demonstrable and the anaemia regressed. It is pointed out that, as lead poisoning may be fatal, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal colic of unclear cause.
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PMID:[Acute lead poisoning]. 189 43

Since his birth, we have been monitoring a 12-year-old boy suffering from selective severe magnesium malabsorption. Our essential problem is to prepare a form of galena with acceptable taste, tolerated by the digestive tract and well absorbed; also, the carrier compound must not cause short- or long-term side effects. An additional factor is the steadily increasing need for magnesium from 1 mmol/kg.d at 1 year to 14 mmol/kg.d at present age (345 mg/kg.d). The galena forms currently on sale were, with the exception of lactate and pyrollidone carboxylate, immediately rejected since they contain insufficient Mg2+. Following short trials resulting in diarrhoea, the other two preparations were also rejected. We then constituted - and also abandoned - our own galena compounds: aspartate (bitterness), aspartate + glycerophosphate (GLP) (bitterness), glutamate + GLP ('Chinese restaurant syndrome' and fear of the long term toxic effect of the glutamate), gluconate (excessive volume: 11/1 proportion with Mg2+). A recent test featuring GLP of Mg 40 g + cocoa butter 40 g + cocoa 10 g, brought about vomiting and diarrhoea, and was not adequately absorbed. The best tolerated formula is: Mg GLP 21.33 g; saccharose 6 g; aspartam 1 g; gelatin 0.5 g; citric acid, conserving agent, fruity aroma; water: qs 100 g. Such composition yields a caramel cream absorbed in five small portions, at a daily quantity of 375 g (80 g GLP Mg, 10 g Mg2+). Vitamin B6, which promotes intestinal absorption of magnesium, must be given separately in tablet form at a dose of 1 g/d, since it causes nausea if it is included in the Mg preparation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Severe selective magnesium malabsorption: tests of tolerance of oral magnesium supplements. 213 77

Copper deficiency (normal serum copper level: 78-136 micrograms/dl) has been reported in patients with long-term enteral nutrition, caused by a copper deficit in enteral nutrition. Occasionally, this leads to anemia and leukopenia. We used Hershey's pure cocoa that is rich in copper (content 3.8 mg/cocoa 100 g) for copper deficiency. A total of 86 (40 men and 46 women, mean age 69 years) patients on enteral nutrition were studied. The primary diseases were cerebral vascular disease in 71 patients, neurological disease in 5 and others in 10. Those who showed serum copper levels of 20 micrograms/dl or less (N = 8) were given 30-45 g of cocoa (copper content 1.14-1.71 mg) per day for about 40 days. Among them, two patients could not continue because of vomiting and diarrhea and were excluded from this study. Mean serum copper levels increased from 8.7 +/- 6.2 to 99.0 +/- 25.4 micrograms/dl (N = 6). Those who showed serum copper levels 20-77 mg/dl (N = 31) were given 10 g of cocoa (copper content 0.38 mg) per day for about 40 days. When mean serum copper levels increased from 50.5 +/- 19.3 to 89.0 +/- 12.9 micrograms/dl with cocoa administration, anemia and neutropenia caused by copper deficiency showed a tendency to improve. After completing the study period, cocoa was reduced to 5 g (copper content 0.19 mg) per day in 23 patients. The mean serum copper levels increased from 90.7 +/- 10.4 to 100.6 +/- 17.1 micrograms/dl for about 100 days. Recently, the amount of daily copper requirement for adults has been reported to be 1.28-2.5 mg per day. We showed that 10 g of cocoa (0.6 mg total copper: 0.38 mg in cocoa and 0.22 mg in other nutrients) is sufficient to treat copper deficiency, and 5 g of cocoa (0.37 mg total copper: 0.19 mg in cocoa and 0.18 mg in other nutrients) is enough to maintain the normal level of serum copper in patients with long-term enteral nutrition.
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PMID:[Copper supplement with cocoa for copper deficiency in patients with long-term enteral nutrition]. 1091 28

Caffeine is a mild central nervous stimulant that occurs naturally in coffee beans, cocoa beans and tea leaves. In large doses, it can be profoundly toxic, resulting in arrhythmia, tachycardia, vomiting, convulsions, coma and death. The average cup of coffee or tea in the United States is reported to contain between 40 and 150 mg caffeine although specialty coffees may contain much higher doses. Over-the-counter supplements that are used to combat fatigue typically contain 100-200 mg caffeine per tablet and doses of 32-200mg are included in a variety of prescription drug mixtures. Fatal caffeine overdoses in adults are relatively rare and require the ingestion of a large quantity of the drug, typically in excess of 5 g. Over a period of approximately 12 months our office reported two cases of fatal caffeine intoxication. In the first case, the femoral blood of a 39-year-old female with a history of intravenous drug use contained 192 mg/L caffeine. In the second case, femoral blood from a 29-year-old male with a history of obesity and diabetes contained 567 mg/L caffeine. In both cases, the cause of death was ruled as caffeine intoxication and the manner of death was accidental.
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PMID:Fatal caffeine overdose: two case reports. 1593 84