Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical, biochemical, and neuroradiologic findings and clinical follow-up of seven patients with glutaric aciduria type II are reported. Three phenotypes of the disease are encountered: neonatal-onset form with congenital anomalies (two patients) or without congenital anomalies (three patients) and late-onset form (two patients). The neonatal-onset form presents as an overwhelming illness, with severe hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis leading to rapid death. Frequently it is associated with perinatal energy deprivation, a neonate with low birth weight and prematurity. The late-onset form presents with intermittent episodes of vomiting, hypoglycemia, and acidosis especially after meals rich in fat and/or proteins. All parents are consanguineous and have a first- or second-degree relationship. Initially, in the two phenotypes with neonatal onset and during crisis in the late-onset phenotype, routine laboratory evaluation showed severe metabolic acidosis, with an increased anion gap, hypoglycemia without ketonuria, and disturbed liver function tests. In the majority of patients with neonatal-onset forms, the kidneys, liver, and at times the spleen are enlarged with an increased echogenic pattern; however, no hepatic or renal cysts are detected. Cardiomegaly is observed in most patients. The diagnosis can be easily and rapidly reached through tandem mass spectrometry study of the blood and can further be confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of the urine organic acids. In this report, the magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography brain studies showed brain atrophy, white matter disease, and in one patient, fluid-filled cavities in the periventricular area and putamina. Fluorine-18-labeled 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomographic (FDG PET) brain studies in two patients with late-onset disease showed slightly decreased activity in the cerebral cortex in one and in the caudate nuclei in the other. Brain FDG PET scan and magnetic resonance spectroscopy were normal in one patient with neonatal-onset disease. All patients were treated with a diet low in fat and protein, oral riboflavin, and carnitine. The results were promising for the late-onset disease. Intravenous carnitine gave rewarding results in one patient with neonatal-onset disease.
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PMID:Glutaric aciduria type II: observations in seven patients with neonatal- and late-onset disease. 1078 89

A 57-year-old male patient, recently known with an anal carcinoma with inguinal lymph node involvement, was admitted because of anorexia, nausea, vomiting and constipation. On physical examination the patient was dehydrated, and a systolic murmur, grade III/VI, punctum maximum apex cordis, was heard. Serum calcium was raised (4.50 mmol/l), as was the serum creatinine (328 mumol/l). Both values had been normal 14 days before admission. Serum parathormone was suppressed. A bone scan did not reveal evident lesions in the skeleton. FDG-PET scan showed uptake of the tracer into the bone marrow. A bone biopsy showed metastasis of a squamous cell carcinoma. Shortly after that the patient died. Hypercalcaemia is associated with cancer. Colorectal/anal carcinomas have a low incidence of hypercalcaemia. The prognosis of patients with cancer associated with hypercalcaemia is poor.
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PMID:[Clinical thinking and decision making in practice. A patient with anal cancer and hypercalcemia]. 1110 69

A 32-year-old male had suffered from persistent dull epigastric pain, constipation, postprandial vomiting, and body-weight loss for 2 months. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed thickening of the proximal jejunal wall. He was also referred to our center for an fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan because his tumor marker CA19-9 was above 800 ng/mL and malignancy was suspected. The PET scan showed an FDG-avid lesion over the upper left abdomen. Endoscopy of the small intestine revealed focal thickening of the mucosal fold and skip ulcer lesions in the jejunum. Culture from the biopsy tissue proved the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. No evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was detected during further evaluation.
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PMID:Jejunal tuberculosis: incidental finding on an FDG-PET scan. 1657 May 67

A 71-year-old man underwent right hemicolectomy for an ascending colon cancer (stage II, Cur A) in September 2001. Adjuvant chemotherapy with tegafur/uracil was performed, but CT scans and FDG-PET, conducted in May 2003, revealed cancerous pleuritis and lung metastasis. Although 2 courses of the chemotherapy with LV+5-FU (RPMI regimen) were completed, progressive disease was confirmed. Therefore, the chemotherapy with CPT-11 (100 mg/ day; day 1, 15)+S-1 (100 mg/day; day 1-21) was started in May 2004. After completion of 6 courses, CT scan showed a partial response. Only grade 2 vomiting was noted as an adverse reaction to the treatment, however, the patient has been managed on an outpatient basis for the last 3 years with good QOL and the cancer under control. This case suggests that this combination therapy can be expected to be highly effective as a safe approach for continuously maintaining the QOL of patients with advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer.
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PMID:[A long survival case of advanced colon cancer with lung metastasis and cancerous pleuritis responding to CPT-11 and S-1 combination therapy]. 1834 7

Labeled leukocyte scintigraphy and (18)F-FDG PET are well-documented techniques for the assessment of inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, a 28-year-old man with abdominal pain, vomiting, and raised serum amylase and lipase levels underwent PET/CT imaging using FDG-labeled autologous leukocytes to assess for pancreatic infection. While the pancreas showed no abnormal tracer uptake, colonic inflammation was incidentally detected, and a diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis was subsequently confirmed on colonoscopy and biopsy.
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PMID:Incidental detection of colonic inflammation on PET/CT using 18F-FDG-labeled autologous leukocytes. 2333 39

We report a case of liver amoebic abscesses in a 58-year-old man referred for a FDG PET/CT with an initial diagnosis of secondary hepatic lesions. This patient, coming from Sri Lanka, presented with fever and shivers, pain in the right flank, vomiting, and diarrhea for a month. The FDG PET/CT showed a hepatic heterogeneous uptake with multiple cold lesions surrounded by a faint hypermetabolism. As this result was not typical of hepatic metastases, a hepatic biopsy was performed leading to the diagnosis of amoebic abscess.
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PMID:Multiple liver amoebic abscesses detected on FDG PET/CT. 2364 Feb 16

A previously healthy 9-year-old boy presented to an outside hospital with a history of abdominal pain and vomiting. An abdominal x-ray was unremarkable. A CT of the abdomen and pelvis performed to evaluate possible obstruction after weight loss and vomiting over a 3-week period demonstrated a large retroperitoneal mass. Laparoscopic biopsy showed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. FDG PET/CT was performed for staging. An ileocolic intussusception was identified on the PET/CT. The intussusception was successfully managed with medical treatment. We present FDG PET/CT findings in intussusception with non-Hodgkin lymphoma as the lead point in a pediatric patient.
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PMID:FDG PET/CT detection of intussusception caused by lymphoma in a pediatric patient. 2430 Mar 60

A 60-year-old man complained of nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, and a feeling of abdominal fullness in August 2013. Based on biopsy findings from an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy examination, a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), non-GC type, was made. F18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) revealed abnormal accumulations solely in the gastric wall (SUVmax = 14.5), the left adrenal gland (SUVmax = 14.3), and the right adrenal gland (SUVmax = 8.5). The clinical stage (Ann Arbor) was IVA, the serum LDH level was within the reference range, and the International Prognostic Index (IPI) was low-intermediate. The serum soluble IL-2 receptor level was within the reference range, and there was no evidence of HIV, EB virus, or autoimmune disease. After the completion of 4 cycles of R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) and 2 parallel cycles of prophylactic intrathecal (I.T.), an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and a FDG-PET/CT examination showed complete remission (CR). The patient received 8 cycles of ritsuximab therapy, 6 cycles of CHOP, and 3 cycles of I.T. The patient has maintained a CR for about 14 months. A literature search revealed that malignant lymphoma with involvement confined to the adrenal gland and gastrointestinal tract is exceedingly rare, and only 3 cases of malignant lymphoma have been reported, with involvement of the stomach in 2 cases and the duodenum in 1 case. All of the cases were diagnosed as DLBCL. The case described herein represents the third case with involvement of the stomach.
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PMID:Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma solely involving bilateral adrenal glands and stomach: report of an extremely rare case with review of the literature. 2555 Aug 71

Purpose Preclinical evidence suggests dichloroacetate (DCA) can reverse the Warburg effect and inhibit growth in cancer models. This phase 1 study was undertaken to assess the safety, recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of oral DCA in patients with advanced solid tumors. Patients and Methods Twenty-four patients with advanced solid malignancies were enrolled using a standard 3 + 3 protocol at a starting dose of 6.25 mg/kg twice daily (BID). Treatment on 28 days cycles was continued until progression, toxicity, or consent withdrawal. PK samples were collected on days 1 and 15 of cycle 1, and day 1 of subsequent cycles. PET imaging ((18) F-FDG uptake) was investigated as a potential biomarker of response. Results Twenty-three evaluable patients were treated with DCA at two doses: 6.25 mg/kg and 12.5 mg/kg BID (median of 2 cycles each). No DLTs occurred in the 6.25 mg/kg BID cohort so the dose was escalated. Three of seven patients had DLTs (fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea) at 12.5 mg/kg BID. Thirteen additional patients were treated at 6.25 mg/kg BID. Most toxicities were grade 1-2 with the most common being fatigue, neuropathy and nausea. No responses were observed and eight patients had stable disease. The DCA PK profile in cancer patients was consistent with previously published data. There was high variability in PK values and neuropathy among patients. Progressive increase in DCA trough levels and a trend towards decreased (18) F-FDG uptake with length of DCA therapy was observed. Conclusions The RP2D of oral DCA is 6.25 mg/kg BID. Toxicities will require careful monitoring in future trials.
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PMID:A phase I open-labeled, single-arm, dose-escalation, study of dichloroacetate (DCA) in patients with advanced solid tumors. 2576

In most cases of relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), patients respond to salvage therapy, though typically responses are partial and/or transient followed by disease progression, even with newer agents (e.g., ibrutinib). In this multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase II study, patients with relapsed/refractory non-blastoid MCL received bendamustine 90 mg/m(2) (days 1 and 2) and rituximab 375 mg/m(2) (day 1) for 6 planned 28-day cycles. Functional imaging with 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) was conducted at baseline and after cycle 6. Forty-five patients were enrolled (median age, 70 years; 82 % stage IV disease; median number of prior chemotherapies, 2 [range, 1-4]), showing an overall response rate (ORR; primary efficacy measure) of 82 % (complete response [CR], 40 %; partial response, 42 %). In the 32 patients with complete 18F-FDG PET/CT data, 75 % achieved a complete metabolic response. Median duration of response was 1.6 years, 1-year progression-free survival was 67 %, and 3-year overall survival was 55 %. Main non-hematologic adverse events were nausea (69 %), fatigue (56 %), decreased appetite (42 %), constipation (38 %), diarrhea (36 %), vomiting (36 %), and decreased weight (31 %). Grade 3/4 neutropenia and lymphopenia occurred in 44 and 89 % of patients, respectively. ORR and CR rate compared favorably with single-agent ibrutinib (ORR, 67 %; CR, 23 %); bendamustine-rituximab is an effective therapy with manageable toxicity in relapsed/refractory MCL.
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PMID:Phase II study of bendamustine combined with rituximab in relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma: efficacy, tolerability, and safety findings. 2641 84


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