Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nineteen infants suspected of having cow's milk protein-sensitive enteropathy were studied. They all showed failure to thrive, diarrhoea and/or vomiting when fed a diet of cow's milk, and improved when their diet was changed to casein hydrolysate. Jejunal biopsy was done before and 18--23 hours after a milk challenge. Of the 19 infants, 12 presented histological evidence of cow's milk protein intolerance. Eight suffered from vomiting and diarrhoea within 9 days of the milk challenge, but in 4 cases the histological abnormalities were not accompanied by clinical symptoms. In one case a chicken meat intolerance was documented. The histological appearance of the intestinal mucosa after chicken challenge was identical to that observed after milk challenge. In our opinion, repeated intestinal biopsies before and after an acute challenge is the best method to establish the diagnosis not only of cow's milk protein intolerance but also of intolerance to other alimentary proteins.
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PMID:Cow's milk protein-sensitive enteropathy. Clinical and histological results of the cow's milk provocation test. 52 Dec 97

The last 30 years have shown marked improvements in formula feeding of infants. A decrease in breast-feeding popularity and improved sanitary formula methods are responsible for increased use of formulas. Because an infant's growth rate is highest from birth to 1 year, nutritional adequacy of the diet is of vital importance. Necessary for evaluating an infant's formula are the following: 1) the formula should have essential nutrients but not in excess; 2) it should be readily digestible; and 3) there should be a reasonable distribution of calories derived from protein, fat and carbohydrates; digestibility of the fat source is important. Iron deficiency anemia, the most prevalent deficiency in infants, is remedied by the use of iron-fortified commercial formulas. The most effective nutritionally balanced milk is human milk. 2 reasons for other choices are infantile abnormal conditions which require therapeutic formulas or the mother's choice not to breast-feed. A comparison of cow's and human milk shows that the former has 3 times as much ash and protein (which alters digestibility) than normally found in the latter. Differences in casein or curd content triglycerides and percentage of carbohydrates are sufficient to render human milk more easily digestible and nutritionally complete than cow's milk. Standard formulas, on the other hand, nutritionally approximate cow's and human's milk by chemically altering casein proteins, replacing butterfat with vegetable oils and creating highly concentrated electrolyte replacements for electrolyte loss during diarrhea and vomiting. A wide variety of therapeutic formulas are employed for milk allergy, fat restrictions, congenital heart disease, low birth weight infants and phenylektonuria. Preparation of infant formulas include ready-to-feed, concentrated liquid and concentrated powder. Proper dilution in the latter 2 is stressed as is the absolute need for sterilization of all equipment used in formula preparation. The appropriate choice would be a formula that is well tolerated by the infant, conveniently stored and prepared, and within the family budget.
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PMID:Infant formulas. 109 87

The gastric emptying times associated with three whey-based formulas were significantly shorter than that associated with a casein-based formula in nine gastrostomy-fed patients with spastic quadriplegia (p less than 0.001). Patients fed whey-based formulas had significantly fewer episodes of emesis than when they were fed casein-based formula (p less than 0.001). We conclude that whey-based formulas reduce the frequency of emesis by improving the rate of gastric emptying.
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PMID:Decrease in gastric emptying time and episodes of regurgitation in children with spastic quadriplegia fed a whey-based formula. 155 96

Adequate enteral nutritional support is often limited by gastrointestinal (GI) side effects. In this pilot clinical trial we compared an enteral nutrition formula based on soy hydrolysate (study formula, SF) against a widely used intact casein formula (control formula, CF) for the incidence of GI side effects in a completely randomized double blind design. Twenty-three nonsurgical hospitalized patients requiring enteral nutritional support and free of GI symptoms were randomly assigned to receive either the CF or the SF for 6 days continuously. Both formulas were isotonic, low in residue, lactose free and isocaloric, but differed in the type and concentration of protein and the concentration of medium-chain triglycerides. After randomization both groups were comparable in demographic characteristics, and nutritional status, but there were more patients on antibiotics in the CF group. The amount of formula infused per day and the route of administration were equivalent. The number of bowel movements per day was 1.0 +/- 0.5 for the CF group and 0.6 +/- 0.3 for the SF group (p less than 0.05). The incidence of diarrhea was 10.8% days for the CF group and 6.2% for the SF group (p = NS). High gastric residuals occurred in 16.9% of days in the CF group and 3.3% in the SF group (p less than 0.05). Vomiting incidence was 10.8% in the CF group and 1.5% in the SF group (p less than 0.05). After adjustment for the use of antibiotics as a covariate, the differences in number of bowel movements, vomiting and incidence of high residuals became less significant (p less than 0.10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A double-blind clinical trial comparing the gastrointestinal side effects of two enteral feeding formulas. 211 40

Twenty-one infants less than 6 months of age with gastrointestinal symptoms of cow milk and/or soy protein-based infant formula intolerance (diarrhea in 14, hematochezia in 16, emesis in 8, failure to thrive in 4, and colic in 10) were treated clinically with a whey protein hydrolysate formula. Six patients improved when placed directly on the formula, and 15 remained asymptomatic or improved when given the whey hydrolysate formula following initial treatment with a casein hydrolysate or elemental formula. Eighteen had supporting evidence of an allergic basis for their symptoms, including a family history of allergies in 6, a clinical challenge with the offending formula in 1, laboratory tests consistent with atopy in 11, and/or rectal biopsy with histologic allergic features in 7. The whey hydrolysate formula may be an acceptable alternative to soy or casein hydrolysate formulas in most infants with gastrointestinal symptoms of cow milk and/or formula intolerance.
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PMID:Whey protein hydrolysate formula for infants with gastrointestinal intolerance to cow milk and soy protein in infant formulas. 179 13

Treating the infant colic syndrome by counseling the parents concerning more effective responses to the infant crying is compared to the elimination of soy or cow's milk protein from the infant's diet in a randomized clinical trial. Because symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea are not part of the infant colic syndrome, infants with these gastrointestinal symptoms were excluded from the study. Dietary changes were accomplished by either feeding the infants a hydrolyzed casein formula or by requiring mothers to eliminate milk from their diets. In phase 1 of the study, the group receiving counseling (n = 10) had a decrease in crying from 3.21 +/- 1.10 h/d to 1.08 +/- 0.70 h/d (P = .001). The crying in the group that received dietary changes (n = 10) decreased from 3.19 +/- 0.69 h/d to 2.03 +/- 1.07 h/d (P = .01), a level still greater than twice normal. The decrease in those receiving counseling was faster and greater than that of those given dietary changes (P less than .02). In the second phase of the study, group 2 infants were reexposed to cow's milk or soy protein and the parents received counseling. In this phase, counseling again decreased crying significantly from 2.09 +/- 1.07 h/d to 1.19 +/- 0.60 h/d (P = .05). No infant in the study who improved with changes in his or her diet had a significant increase in crying, with reexposure to soy or cow's milk protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Parental counseling compared with elimination of cow's milk or soy milk protein for the treatment of infant colic syndrome: a randomized trial. 328 12

A number of problems seen in veal calves are associated with insufficient adaptation to the changes in husbandry connected with the fattening system. These problems include chronic tympanitis, chronic vomiting, cachexia, unthriftiness, abomasal erosions and ulcers. Some of these problems are associated with failure of the reticular groove reflex, and result in ruminal drinking. Persistent ruminal drinking causes a syndrome characterised by a variety of symptoms such as unthriftiness, severe growth retardation, inappetence, recurrent tympany, abdominal distension, a long dry haircoat and clay-like faeces. Clinical studies performed to investigate the pathogenesis of the syndrome are described. It was found that the milk was stored in the rumen and was partly broken down. The presence of milk in the rumen induced typical changes in the ruminal mucosa (hyper/parakeratosis) and also inhibited casein clot formation in the abdomasum. The small intestinal mucosa showed villous atrophy. After training, the reticular groove reflex was re-established in a number of patients but the growth rate of these calves did not return to normal.
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PMID:Consequences of failure of the reticular groove reflex in veal calves fed milk replacer. 341 70

The composition of specialized formulas for infants who experience malabsorption or formula intolerance is described in detail. The limited studies of efficacy, as well as a rationale for selecting an appropriate formula for infants with malabsorption or formula intolerance, are discussed. Infants with symptoms of diarrhea or emesis may have intolerance to milk lactose or milk protein. Soy formulas contain no lactose or cow's milk and should be the first choice of an alternative feeding because of cost and convenience. Some infants may be intolerant of soy as well as cow's milk protein. They benefit from formula containing neither cow's milk nor soy protein or from a specially processed milk-based formula containing hydrolyzed casein. A carbohydrate-free formula to which the desired type of carbohydrate is added may be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of disaccharidase deficiencies and monosaccharide intolerances. Infants with extensive intestinal resections or intractable diarrhea may require specialized infant formulas with qualitative/quantitative modifications of fat, carbohydrate, and protein. Formulas with medium-chain triglycerides may be useful for infants with steatorrhea. "Preterm" formulas or milk from the infant's mother are preferred for preterm infants, since such feedings promote improved fat and carbohydrate absorption and better meet the infant's nutrient requirements.
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PMID:Specialized formulas and feedings for infants with malabsorption or formula intolerance. 351 Nov 29

We describe 9 infants (ranging from 1 to 6 1/2 months) in whom a surgical pathology (gastro-esophageal reflux and/or pyloric stenosis) was associated with cow's milk intolerance (CMI). In all cases vomiting and/or failure to thrive did not disappear after surgery. The patients recovered only after dietary manipulation by cow's milk protein free diet. In 5 out of 9 cases, multiple food intolerances were present (soy and/or casein hydrolysates). In all cases the diagnosis of CMI was confirmed by challenge test. The connections between CMI and abdominal surgery in infancy are discussed.
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PMID:Cow's milk intolerance and abdominal surgery: a puzzling connection. 358 70

T-2 toxin is an emetic trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium molds. This compound causes feed refusal, emesis and lesions in the gastrointestinal tract of livestock, poultry and man. Studies in our laboratory have indicated that the feeding of high fibre diets, non-nutritive mineral additives and high fat diets can largely overcome feed refusal caused when T-2 toxin is fed to rats. Subsequent experiments were designed to determine the mechanism by which such diets exert this effect. Rats were fed for two weeks diets containing varying levels of alfalfa meal, bentonite or corn oil in a casein-based semi-purified diet. Rats were then orally dosed with [3H] T-2 toxin and urine and feces were collected for 21 hours after which all animals were killed and tissues excised. Diet had no significant effect on the fraction dose of 3H excreted in the urine. Significant increases in fecal excretion of 3H were seen, however, with all test diets. Only high fat diets reduced hepatic residues of 3H while alfalfa had a similar effect in kidney and both alfalfa and bentonite lowered muscle residues. It was concluded that such dietary treatments overcome T-2 toxicosis mainly by promoting fecal excretion of toxin thereby reducing absorption and biological half-life.
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PMID:Effect of diet on T-2 toxicosis. 609 76


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