Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The historical and clinical features and the haematological and biochemical changes in 126 cats with hyperthyroidism are described; 125 of the cats were domestic short- or longhaired, and one was a chinchilla. There were 62 males and 64 females with a mean age of 13.0 years. The duration of signs ranged from two days to two years with a mean of 5.4 months. The historical and clinical features were weight loss, polyphagia, polyuria/polydipsia, tachycardia, hyperactivity, diarrhoea, respiratory abnormalities, other cardiac abnormalities, skin lesions, vomiting, moderately raised temperature, decreased activity, decreased appetite, congestive cardiac failure, haematuria and intermittently decreased appetite. Goitre was palpable in 123 cats. The serum total thyroxine concentrations of the cats were more than three standard deviations above the mean of the reference range. Serum total tri-iodothyronine concentrations ranged from 0.78 to 14.96 nmol/litre and were within the reference range in 11 of the cats. Mild hyperthyroidism was a much commoner cause of high normal or marginally above normal thyroid hormone concentrations than severe, concurrent, non-thyroidal illness. Other common biochemical changes were increased of serum alanine aminotransferase, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. There were minimal changes in the red cell parameters. Leucocyte changes showed two trends: a mature neutrophilia, either with or without an accompanying leucocytosis often in association with a lymphopenia, or an eosinophilia, either with or without a lymphocytosis.
 ...
PMID:Historical, clinical and laboratory features of 126 hyperthyroid cats. 141 11

An overdose of up to 850 levothyroxine sodium tablets (0.2 mg) in a healthy 6-year-old 16.8-kg dog induced an episode of vomiting and hippus within 9 hours of ingestion. The dog was treated with activated charcoal and saline (magnesium sulfate) cathartic. Initially the serum concentration of thyroxine (T4) 4,900.9 nmol/L. On the second day, serum concentration of triiodothyronine (T3) was 5.3 nmol/L. Serum T4 concentration decreased slowly and was not determined to be normal until day 36. Serum T3 concentration was found to be normal on day 6. Serum alanine transaminase activity peaked on day 6 at 345 U/L. Significant abnormalities were not found during the following 36 days. Clinical signs of thyroid hormone toxicosis in dogs and cats include hyperactivity, lethargy, tachycardia, tachypnea, dyspnea, abnormal pupillary light reflexes, vomiting, and diarrhea. High overdoses of levothyroxine sodium in dogs should be managed by initial decontamination and administration of activated charcoal with a cathartic followed by supportive care.
 ...
PMID:Acute overdose of levothyroxine in a dog. 161 89

Among eight normal-weight bulimic women studied during 1 week of binge eating and vomiting and 7 weeks of abstinence without weight loss, resting metabolic rate and T3 and T4 levels fell significantly during abstinence. These data suggest that a physiological consequence of binge eating and vomiting is an increase in metabolic rate, in part due to increased thyroid hormone activity.
 ...
PMID:Decrease in resting metabolic rate during abstinence from bulimic behavior. 185 59

The pseudotumor cerebri, a neurological syndrome clinically characterized by headaches, vomiting and bilateral papilledema, occurred in two patients, previously subjected to total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma, after initiation of levothyroxine replacement therapy. In patients with thyroid cancer, subjected to thyroidectomy and then thyroid hormone replacement therapy, the possible development of pseudotumor cerebri syndrome should be considered and differentiated from CNS symptoms due to brain metastases.
 ...
PMID:Pseudotumor cerebri and thyroid-replacement therapy in patients affected by differentiated thyroid carcinoma. 406 7

Thirty-seven patients with pituitary apoplexy were analyzed with an emphasis on clinical presentation and visual outcome. Their mean age was 56.6 years, with a male to female ratio of 2:1. Presenting symptoms included headache (95%), vomiting (69%), ocular paresis (78%), and reduction in visual fields (64%) or acuities (52%). Computed tomographic scanning correctly identified pituitary hemorrhage in only 46% of those scanned. Thirty-six patients underwent transsphenoidal decompression. By immunostaining criteria, null-cell adenomas were the most frequent tumor type (50%). Long-term steroid or thyroid hormone replacement therapy was necessary in 82% and 89% of patients, respectively. Long-term desmopressin therapy was required in 11%, and 64% of the male patients required testosterone replacement therapy. Surgery resulted in improvement in visual acuity deficits in 88%, visual field deficits in 95%, and ocular paresis in 100%. Analysis of the degree of improvement in preoperative visual deficits with the timing of the surgery demonstrated that those who underwent surgery within a week of apoplexy had significant recovery in their visual acuities. In the stable, conscious patient with residual vision in each eye, surgical decompression should be performed as soon as possible, because delays beyond 1 week may retard the return of visual function.
 ...
PMID:A retrospective analysis of pituitary apoplexy. 823 99

Hyperthyroidism or increased thyroid function has been reported in many patients with trophoblastic tumors. In these cases, greatly increased human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels and suppressed TSH levels suggest that hCG has thyrotropic activity. Recent investigations have clarified the structural homology not only in the hCG and TSH molecules but also in their receptors, and this homology suggests the basis for the reactivity of hCG with the TSH receptor. The clinical significance of the thyrotropic action of hCG is now also recognized in normal pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum. Highly purified hLH binds to recombinant hTSH receptor and is about 10 times as potent as purified hCG in increasing cAMP. The beta-subunits of hCG and hLH share 85% sequence identity in their first 114 amino acids but differ in the carboxy-terminal peptide because hCG beta contains a 31-amino acid extension (beta-CTP). A recombinant mutant hCG that lacks beta-CTP showed almost identical potency to LH on stimulation of recombinant hTSH receptor. If intact hCG were as potent as hLH in regard to its thyrotropic activity, most pregnant women would become thyrotoxic. One of the roles of the beta-CTP may be to prevent overt hyperthyroidism in the first trimester of pregnancy when a large amount of hCG is produced by the placenta. Nicked hCG preparations, obtained from patients with trophoblastic disease or by enzymatic digestion of intact hCG, showed approximately 1.5- to 2-fold stimulation of recombinant hTSH receptor compared with intact hCG. This suggests that the thyrotropic activity of hCG may be influenced by the metabolism of the hCG molecule itself. Deglycosylation and/or desialylation of hCG enhances its thyrotropic potency. Basic hCG isoforms with lower sialic acid content extracted from hydatidiform moles were more potent in activating adenylate cyclase, and showed high bioactivity/immunoactivity (B/I) ratio in CHO cells expressing human TSH receptors. This is consistent with the finding that the beta-CTP truncated hCG with higher thyrotropic potency is substantially deglycosylated and desialylated in the beta-subunit relative to intact hCG because all four O-linked glycosylation sites occur within the missing C-terminal extension. The desialylated hCG variant also interacts directly with recombinant hTSH receptors transfected into human thyroid cancer cells. There is thyroid-stimulating activity in sera of normal pregnant women, and this correlates with serum hCG levels. The thyroid gland of normal pregnant women may be stimulated by hCG to secrete slightly excessive quantities of T4 and induce a slight suppression of TSH, perhaps being about 1 mU/L less than nongravid levels, but not high enough to induce overt hyperthyroidism. Maternal thyroid glands may secrete more thyroid hormone during early pregnancy in response to the thyrotropic activity of hCG that overrides the normal operation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid feedback system. Biochemical hyperthyroidism associated with hyperemesis gravidarum has been attributed to hCG. In patients with hyperemesis gravidarum, thyrotropic in serum correlated with hCG immunoreactivity, and the severity of vomiting as indicated by clinical and biochemical parameters correlated with the degree of thyroid stimulation. To understand the thyrotropic action of hCG, it is necessary to know whether hCG activates the same domain of the TSH receptor as does TSH. The identification of the molecular structure of the hCG isoform with the highest thyrotropic potency will resolve the enigma of gestational thyrotoxicosis and the hyperthyroidism associated with trophoblastic disease and hCG-producing tumors.
 ...
PMID:Thyrotropic action of human chorionic gonadotropin. 856 83

At the Institutes of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the University of Rome (La Sapienza), Italy, serum levels of free thyroxine (FT4), FT3, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG-beta) were compared before and 7-10 days after induced abortion in 19 normal women in their first trimester of pregnancy. The women were divided into those with nausea and vomiting (7) and those without these symptoms (12). The aim was to distinguish slight transient hyperthyroidism associated with nausea and vomiting in normal early pregnancy with pre-existing thyrotoxicosis or hyperemesis gravidarum. In both groups of women, serum hCG-beta levels were significantly lower 7-10 days after the induced abortion than before (p 0.01) while serum TSH levels were significantly higher (p 0.02). The serum levels of FT4 were higher before than after abortion in both groups of women, but were significantly so in women with nausea and vomiting (p 0.001). After induced abortion, serum levels of FT4 and TSH returned to normal levels. Earlier research found that hCG peaks at 10-13 weeks gestation and decreases to a stable level by 20 weeks gestation and that hCG is associated with thyroid hormone levels. This study's findings support those of earlier research since women in the nausea and vomiting group had higher levels of FT4 and hCG-beta and lower levels of TSH before the induced abortion than after it. Perhaps, hCG physiologically activates the thyroid gland in early pregnancy, which may in turn induce vomiting during early pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:Nausea, vomiting and thyroid function before and after induced abortion in normal pregnancy. 865 28

A 50-year-old woman was transported to a hospital complaining of marked general malaise and epigastralgia with diarrhea and vomiting. Her electrocardiogram showed sinus arrest with a duration of nearly 8 sec. Atrial pacing with an external pacemaker improved her symptoms promptly. Following transfer to our hospital 3 days later, bradyarrhythmia was not detected despite the removal of the external pacemaker. Transient atrial fibrillation was found in our hospital, and she was diagnosed as hyperthyroidism based on findings of finger tremor, exophthalmos, diffuse goiter and an abnormally high level of thyroid hormone. On cardiac catheterization, left ventriculography showed anterior wall hypokinesis and mild mitral regurgitation. Coronary arteriography showed the absence of organic stenosis. Right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy showed myocardial hypertrophy and partial disarray, but no findings of myocarditis. Electrophysiological study showed the normal upper range of AH-time (120 msec) and HV-time (50 msec), and prolongation of corrected sinus recovery time (CSRT, 955 msec). After a euthyroid state was successively induced for about 10 days by methylmercaptoimidazole therapy, AH-time, HV-time and CSRT were shortened to 85, 35 and 290 msec respectively. Her complaints and sick sinus syndrome disappeared after the treatment of hyperthyroidism without a pacemaker.
 ...
PMID:Hyperthyroidism complicated with sick sinus syndrome. 878 74

Basal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormone levels were evaluated in 18 women with bulimia nervosa during a period of active binging and vomiting and again after 7 weeks of abstinence from these behaviors and compared to measures in 27 control women. In 10 of the patients and 11 of the controls, the TSH nocturnal surge was calculated from hourly TSH measurements obtained in the afternoon from 1500 to 1900 h and in the night from 2300 to 0400 h. During the binging phase of the illness patients had lower total triiodothyronine (T3) values than controls (p < .001). After 7 weeks without binge eating or purging, patients had lower T3, total thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine (FT4), reverse triiodothyronine and thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) values compared to controls (p < .01) and significant reductions in T3, T4, FT4 and TBG compared to themselves in the active phase of the illness (p < .02). The reduction in thyroid hormone levels was not due to a reduction in the nocturnal thyrotropin surge, since surge values did not differ between normals and patients at either phase of the illness. Bulimics in the binging phase of the illness showed a positive correlation between caloric intake and TSH values (p < .01), suggesting that food binging may stimulate thyroid activity. In sum, these results show a substantial reduction in thyroid hormone levels after 7 weeks of abstinence from binging and vomiting behaviors.
 ...
PMID:Thyroid function in bulimia nervosa. 881 24

A post menopausal female with severe vomiting and weight loss in association with elevated thyroid hormone levels is presented. Signs and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis were not evident at presentation. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment are discussed. Antithyroid therapy with carbimazole and propranolol induced rapid resolution of her symptoms and marked improvement in well-being. Radioactive iodine ablation of her thyroid gland was performed later and she has remained asymptomatic.
 ...
PMID:Thyrotoxic vomiting. A case report. 926 May 38


1 2 3 Next >>