Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relative contributions of several gut-derived peptides as enterogastrones known to be released in response to a fatty meal and to inhibit acid secretion have not previously been compared directly. We determined the acid-inhibitory activities of increasing intravenous doses of several peptides before and after highly selective vagotomy (HSV) during intragastric titration of a peptone meal in dogs. Before HSV, threshold inhibitory doses of peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), and secretin were 5, 7, and 10 pmol.kg-1.h-1, respectively, whereas neurotensin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and oxyntomodulin failed to inhibit acid secretion at doses up to 1,000 pmol.kg-1.h-1. The calculated dose producing 50% acid inhibition (ID50) of secretin (62 pmol.kg-1.h-1) was one-half that of PYY (128 pmol.kg-1.h-1). Maximal (90%) acid inhibition was produced by 100 pmol.kg-1.h-1 secretin and 500 pmol.kg-1.h-1 PYY. The highest dose of CCK that did not cause vomiting (100 pmol.kg-1.h-1) inhibited peptone-stimulated acid output by only 60%. After HSV, 500 pmol.kg-1.h-1. PYY and 200 pmol.kg-1.h-1 CCK failed to inhibit acid output by more than 50%. Threshold doses for inhibition by PYY and CCK were 200 and 100 pmol.kg-1.h-1, respectively. Secretin remained a potent inhibitor after HSV, with an ID50 of 80 pmol.kg-1.h-1 and a threshold dose of 10 pmol.kg-1.h-1. HSV also failed to affect inhibition caused by somatostatin. This study has shown that PYY and secretin are somewhat more potent and efficacious inhibitors of acid secretion than CCK but that all three peptides are far more active than GLP-1, neurotensin, and oxyntomodulin. PYY and CCK inhibit acid secretion in large part through vagal innervation of the gastric fundus, but the inhibitory effects of secretin are independent of fundic vagal innervation.
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PMID:Candidate canine enterogastrones: acid inhibition before and after vagotomy. 917 35

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is characterized by headache often accompanied by gastrointestinal complaints that vary from anorexia through nausea to vomiting. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of high altitude on plasma levels of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) peptides and their association to AMS symptoms. Plasma levels of 6 GEP peptides were measured by radioimmunoassay in 11 subjects at 490 m (Munich, Germany) and, after rapid passive ascent to 3454 m (Jungfraujoch, Switzerland), over the course of three days. In a second study (n = 5), the same peptides and ghrelin were measured in subjects who consumed standardized liquid meals at these two elevations. AMS symptoms and oxygen saturation were monitored. In the first study, both fasting (morning 8 a.m.) and stimulated (evening 8 p.m.) plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and cholecystokinin (CCK) were significantly lower at high altitude as compared to baseline, whereas gastrin and motilin concentrations were significantly increased. Fasting plasma neurotensin was significantly enhanced whereas stimulated levels were reduced. Both fasting and stimulated plasma motilin levels correlated with gastrointestinal symptom severity (r = 0.294, p = 0.05, and r = 0.41, p = 0.006, respectively). Mean O(2)-saturation dropped from 96% to 88% at high altitude. In the second study, meal-stimulated integrated (= area under curve) plasma CCK, PP, and neurotensin values were significantly suppressed at high altitude, whereas integrated levels of gastrin were increased and integrated VIP and ghrelin levels were unchanged. In summary, our data show that acute exposure to a hypobaric hypoxic environment causes significant changes in fasting and stimulated plasma levels of GEP peptides over consecutive days and after a standardized meal. The changes of peptide levels were not uniform. Based on the inhibition of PP and neurotensin release a reduction of the cholinergic tone can be postulated.
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PMID:Influence of acute exposure to high altitude on basal and postprandial plasma levels of gastroenteropancreatic peptides. 2297 Feb 20


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