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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After having adopted vomiting animal model created by filling stomach with cuprum sulfuricum and after having selected incubation period and vomiting index as our measuring and commenting indexes. We prepared decoction of Xiaobanxia added Fuling granules by applying orthogonal experimental method with four factors and three levels to proceed a preferable choice of extracting technology. The superior extracting technology became A2B3C2, namely: comminuting medicinal materials into coarse powder, for the first time, adding 9 times dosage of water and decocting for 45 minutes, for the second time, adding 5 times dosage of water and decocting for 30 minutes, condensing the filtrate to light paste (specific gravity 1.25-1.27, assaying at 25 centigrade), preparing decoction of Xiaobanxia added Fuling granules with a proportion as below:light paste:amylin:saccharose powder = 1:3:0.5.
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PMID:[Applying pharmaceutical effect indexes to screen out the preparation technology of xiaobanxia added fuling granules]. 1257 29

Recognizing that type 1 diabetes was characterized not only by insulin deficiency, but also by amylin deficiency, Cooper (Cooper, 1991) predicted that certain features of the disease could be related thereto, and he proposed amylin/insulin co-replacement therapy. Although the early physiological rationale was flawed, the idea that glucose control could be improved over that attainable with insulin alone without invoking the ravages of worsening insulin-induced hypoglycemia was vindicated. The proposal spawned a first-in-class drug development program that ultimately led to marketing approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration of the amylinomimetic pramlintide acetate in March 2005. The prescribers' package insert (Amylin Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2005), which includes a synopsis of safety and efficacy of pramlintide, is included as Appendix 1. Pramlintide exhibited a terminal t1/2, in humans of 25-49 min and, like amylin, was cleared mainly by the kidney. The dose-limiting side effect was nausea and, at some doses, vomiting. These side effects usually subsided within the first days to weeks of administration. The principal risk of pramlintide co-therapy was an increased probability of insulin-induced hypoglycemia, especially at the initiation of therapy. This risk could be mitigated by pre-emptive reduction in insulin dose. Pramlintide dosed at 30-60 microg three to four times daily in patients with type 1 diabetes, and at doses of 120 microg twice daily in patients with type 2 diabetes, invoked a glycemic improvement, typically a decrease in HbA1c of 0.4-0.5% relative to placebo, that was sustained for at least 1 year. This change relative to control subjects treated with insulin alone typically was associated with a reduction in body weight and insulin use, and was not associated with an increase in rate of severe hypoglycemia other than at the initiation of therapy. Effects observed in animals, such as slowing of gastric emptying, inhibition of nutrient-stimulated glucagon secretion, and inhibition of food intake, generally have been replicated in humans. A notable exception appears to be induction of muscle glycogenolysis and increase in plasma lactate.
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PMID:Clinical studies. 1649 55