Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Postoperative nausea and vomiting have been associated with the use of intravenous narcotics, and nitrous oxide may worsen the emetic effects of narcotics. Alfentanil and sufentanil are two synthetic derivatives of fentanyl; alfentanil has a shorter wake-up time than fentanyl, and sufentanil is equivalent to fentanyl. In order to study comparative emetic properties of these two drugs, patients in two different cities were randomly allocated to two different groups and retrospectively compared. Group I received sufentanil N2O/O2 with 0.25% isoflurane. Group II received alfentanil N2O/O2 with 0.25% isoflurane. With group I, the overall incidence of nausea was 31% and of vomiting was 6.2%. For group II, the overall rate for nausea was 38.2% and 8.8% for vomiting. Statistically, there was no significant difference in nausea or vomiting between groups.
Mil Med 1992 Feb
PMID:The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a retrospective comparison of alfentanil versus sufentanil. 153 76

A total of 180 patients with diarrhea, 6 years and below, were seen and evaluated in our pediatric clinic during the months of July to December, 1986. A bacterial pathogen was isolated from the stools in 24/180 (13%). The best historical factors for predictive accuracies were abrupt onset, no vomiting before the onset of diarrhea, and greater than four stools per 24 hours. The presence of fecal leukocytes was the best screening tool for stool culture positivity. The patients identified with the above three historical factors and positive for fecal leukocytes had an 83% probability of having a positive bacterial stool culture compared to only a 5% probability if any one of the factors was absent. We were able to identify a subpopulation of American dependents in a tropical environment with diarrhea who had a high probability of having a bacterial stool pathogen based on historical factors and the fecal leukocyte test.
Mil Med 1991 Feb
PMID:Clinical and laboratory predictors of bacterial diarrhea in a tropical environment. 190 May 93

Diarrhea represents a major health threat to U.S. military forces overseas, especially in developing countries. For military units, this illness can adversely affect combat readiness. USNAMRU-2 investigators joined several U.S. Navy ships to assess the epidemiology of diarrhea illness as a result of port visits to Asia. The primary goals were to enumerate episodes of diarrhea associated with port visits, identify epidemiologic factors leading to illness, and characterize the etiologic agents. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was the most common organism isolated from patients presenting with diarrhea and represented 22% of diarrhea cases. Vomiting and abdominal pain differentiated ETEC from other causes of diarrhea.
Mil Med 1996 Aug
PMID:Epidemiology of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-associated diarrheal disease occurring on board U.S. Navy ships visiting Asian ports. 877 2

This descriptive study evaluated the presence of bulimic weight-loss behaviors in individuals enrolled in: (1) a military weight-management program (N = 51); (2) a civilian weight-management program (N = 53); and (3) a comparison (military normal-weight) group (N = 51). A modified version of the Stanford Eating Disorders Questionnaire was administered to all subjects. The results indicated that the military weight-management program group reported that they engaged in bulimic weight-loss behaviors two to five times more often than the comparison group, and that they engaged in vomiting, strenuous exercise, or use of sauna/steam room four times as often as the civilian weight-management program group. The results suggest that bulimic weight-loss behaviors may develop in individuals who feel extreme pressure to lose weight.
Mil Med 1995 Dec
PMID:Bulimic weight-loss behaviors in military versus civilian weight-management programs. 877 86

Questionnaires were sent to directors of the 118 oral and maxillofacial surgery training programs in the United States and its territories to survey current trends and recent experience with maxillo-mandibular fixation (MMF). Eighty-eight percent of the respondents indicated that it was customary to keep wire cutters at the bedsides of hospitalized patients who were in MMF, and 49% discharged patients in MMF with wire cutters. The respondents were aware of 17 inpatients and 5 outpatients in their programs who had required emergency release from MMF during the previous 5 years. Emergent MMF release is a rare event. The availability of wire cutters at the hospital bed or issuance of wire cutters to outpatients in MMF should be based on a case-by-case consideration of the procedure performed, postoperative bleeding, vomiting potential, edema, airway integrity, patient dexterity, and patient compliance.
Mil Med 1997 May
PMID:Maxillo-mandibular fixation trends in the United States. 915

Eating disorders have been widely studied among civilian women and among select groups of men (athletes and wrestlers). Gross disturbances in eating behaviors characterize the conditions of anorexia nervosa (AN), currently seen among 1 to 2% of non-active duty women. Bulimia nervosa (BN) is prevalent among 2% of the female population, and both disorders have a female-to-male ratio of 10:1. Another category of eating disorders known as not otherwise specified (NOS) occurs in between 3 and 35% of the population according to the reported literature. This study examined the prevalence of AN, BN, and NOS among a large sample of active duty Navy men. Multiple military, professional, and behavioral were analyzed to promote an increased understanding and awareness of these disorders among active duty men. This was a descriptive, correlational study among 4,800 Navy men targeted from hospitals, clinics, and ships at sea. Anonymous surveys were returned by 28% of prospective subjects (N = 1,425). The study revealed a prevalence of 2.5% for AN, 6.8% for BN, and 40.8% for NOS among active duty Navy men. AN and BN existed without difference among all active duty men regardless of rank/rate, job assignment, or age. Use of laxatives, diuretics, diet pills, vomiting, and fasting for standards increased during the body measurement and fitness periods, but year-round use of these methods existed at disturbing rates. Multiple logistic regression analysis predicted several factors that might predict the manifestation of eating disorders in this population of active duty members.
Mil Med 1997 Nov
PMID:Prevalence and contributing factors of eating disorder behaviors in active duty Navy men. 935 23

In July 1993, an outbreak of Salmonella occurred in a U.S. Army child care center in Heidelberg, Germany. Sixteen children and 4 staff members had confirmed positive cultures; the center had an average census of 135 children during the time of the outbreak. Rectal swabs were done on all the children in rooms with symptomatic children or staff or in rooms with confirmed cases. A total of 246 rectal swabs was done initially, with 216 representing paired specimens. A case was defined as a staff member, child, or family member of an ill staff member or child who attended the center with diarrhea or abdominal pain with at least one of the following symptoms: diarrhea, fever, nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, vomiting, or lethargy. The attack rate for the children was 40 of 86 (47%), and the attack rate for staff was 15 of 47 (32%). No associations were found when looking at the attack rates in each of the 10 rooms in the center. Complete environmental investigation revealed that the cook was preparing food 1 day before it was served. In addition, he was running the dishwasher without a sufficient amount of soap. Although food was not available for testing, the source of the Salmonella outbreak appears to be uncooked or inadequately cooked and prepared food with some person-to-person transmission.
Mil Med 1997 Dec
PMID:Salmonella outbreak in an American child development center in Germany. 943 81

The goal of our study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical features of imported malaria seen at our military hospital in Hawaii. We reviewed the records of malaria cases seen from January 1, 1979, to December 31, 1995, and compared our results with published reviews from civilian hospitals in North America. Seventy-nine patients were diagnosed with malaria by blood smears. All acquired malaria abroad, mostly in southeast Asia. Sixty-seven percent of cases were vivax malaria, 22% were falciparum malaria, and 11% were caused by undetermined species. Common symptoms were fever (100%), alternate day fever (41%), rigors (91%), headache (59%), nausea (41%), fatigue (39%), dark urine (32%), and vomiting (31%). Ninety-one percent had fever during hospitalization, but 39% were afebrile on admission. Splenomegaly was detected in 49% of cases. The white blood cell count was normal in 65%, low in 31%, and elevated in 4% of cases. Other laboratory findings were anemia (58%), thrombocytopenia (74%), and mild hyperbilirubinemia (64%). Military physicians initially considered the diagnosis of malaria in only 54% of patients. The epidemiological features of our patients differ from those described in the civilian hospitals. Most of our patients were nonimmune, U.S.-born, military personnel infected in southeast Asia, whereas patients described in reviews from U.S. civilian hospitals were usually foreign-born civilians who were infected in Africa or India. The clinical features of malaria, and the problems of initial misdiagnosis in our patients, were similar to those reported from civilian hospitals. Military physicians, like their civilian colleagues, need more training and experience in malaria.
Mil Med 1998 Feb
PMID:A review of 79 patients with malaria seen at a military hospital in Hawaii from 1979 to 1995. 950 98

Four cases of splenic infarction/sequestration in sickle cell trait (SCT) patients are presented. All four patients were undergoing moderate exercise at elevations ranging from 5,500 to 12,000 feet. The patients include two African-American males, a Hispanic male, and a white female. All four presented with the acute onset of mid epigastric then left upper-quadrant pain, nausea, vomiting, and respiratory splinting. A review of the literature indicates that splenic infarction with SCT is not uncommon; however, not surprisingly, it is often initially misdiagnosed. This is the first report in the literature of a female with SCT incurring a splenic syndrome with exposure to terrestrial altitude. Although SCT is not a contraindication for moderate- or high-altitude activities, military physicians need to consider the diagnosis of splenic infarction early in any patient regardless of race or sex who presents with left upper-quadrant pain at altitudes above 5,000 feet. Prompt evacuation to sea level may hasten recovery and spare further splenic trauma. Although SCT should be considered a relatively benign entity, the literature also suggests a higher than average risk of sudden death in military recruits with SCT from exertional heat illness and rhabdomyolysis.
Mil Med 1999 Mar
PMID:Splenic syndrome in sickle cell trait: four case presentations and a review of the literature. 1009

Eating disorders continue to be studied among civilian women. Gross disturbances in eating behaviors characterize the condition of anorexia nervosa (AN), currently seen among 1 to 2% of non-active duty women. Bulimia nervosa (BN) is prevalent among 2% of the female population, and both disorders have a female-to-male ratios of 10:1. Another category of eating disorders known as not otherwise specified (NOS) occurs in 3 to 35% of individuals in the reported literature. This study examined the prevalence of AN, BN, and NOS among a large sample of active duty women currently serving in the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines. Multiple military, professional, and behavioral variables were analyzed to provide an increased understanding and awareness of these disorders among all active duty service women. This descriptive, correlational study of 3,613 service women targeted females from the total population of three major medical centers (Army, Navy, and Air Force) and the total population of Marine women serving in Okinawa, Japan, at the time of the study. Anonymous survey return was obtained at 34% (N = 1,278). The study revealed an overall prevalence of 1.1% for AN, 8.1% for BN, and 62.8% for NOS among all service women. However, AN, BN, and NOS were found at significantly higher rates (p = 0.000) among women in the Marines, who reported AN at 4.9%, BN at 15.9%, and NOS at 76.7%. Use of laxatives, diuretics, diet pills, vomiting, and fasting for standards increased during the body measurement and fitness periods for all services, but year-round use of many of these behaviors occurred at significantly higher rates among Marines (p = 0.000). Multiple logistic regression analysis predicted several factors associated with the manifestation of eating disorders in this population of active duty women.
Mil Med 2001 Jan
PMID:Prevalence and contributing factors of eating disorder behaviors in active duty service women in the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines. 1119 99


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