Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report a case of primary Ki-1 lymphoma of the brain. The patient was a 4 1/2-year-old black girl who presented with a 4- and 5-day history of headaches, nausea, vomiting, neck stiffness, and difficulty in walking. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain showed two discrete densities in the left occipital lobe and in the brain stem. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple densities scattered over the brain surface and brain stem. Microscopically, the tumor was an anaplastic neoplasm that diffusely infiltrated brain parenchyma. The neoplastic cells were large with amphophilic cytoplasm, large nuclei with irregular nuclear contours and prominent nucleoli. A high mitotic rate including atypical mitotic figures was noted. Immunohistochemical stains showed diffuse strong positivity for CD30 and moderate focal staining for epithelial membrane antigen. Leukocyte common antigen, cytokeratin, neuron specific enolase, monocyte/macrophage and B- and T-marker stains were negative. The histology was characteristic for Ki-1 large cell lymphoma. Cytologic examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) demonstrated similar neoplastic cells. This is one of the first reports of this variant in the pediatric population.
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PMID:Primary Ki-1 (anaplastic large cell) lymphoma of the brain and spinal cord. 772 50

A 79-year-old women with upper abdominal pain, vomiting and weight loss was found at endoscopy to have a large tumour mass in the gastric body. Histology of forceps biopsies revealed an adenocarcinoma of intestinal type. Gastrectomy was performed, but extensive lymph node metastasis precluded a curative surgical approach. Histopathological study of the specimen, however, revealed two distict malignancies, which arose in the setting of Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis with partial mucosal atrophy. One tumour was a gastric carcinoma, while the other was a primary B-cell lymphoma of the stomach (CD20-positive). The lymphoma comprised both a low-grade component (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue- or MALT-type lymphoma), and a high-grade component (large cell lymphoma with CD30-positive giant cells). Infection with H. pylori was confirmed by the serological presence of IgG antibodies to H. pylori-antigens, including antibodies against the 128 kDa protein of the cytotoxin-associated gene (cagA gene) of H. pylori.
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PMID:Simultaneous gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT-type lymphoma in Helicobacter pylori infection. 854 31

An unusual central nervous system (CNS) manifestation in a 18-year-old male with Ki-1- positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma is presented. The diagnosis of Ki-1 lymphoma was first confirmed by the distinct pleomorphic morphology, expression of Ki-1 (CD30) antigen on neoplastic cells and the specific chromosome translocation, t(2;5)(p23;q35). Although young age is thought to be a good prognostic factor in this disease, the course in our patient was very aggressive. At presentation, there was already extensive extranodal involvement, with malignant cell found in the pleural cavity and bone marrow. In spite of rapid shrinkage of whole-body lymph nodes and a decrease in malignant pleural effusion soon after starting chemotherapy, headaches and vomiting ensued in the following days. A computerized tomography scan of the brain showed poor corticomedullary differentiation without definite mass lesions, and numerous malignant cells were found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although intrathecal methotrexate was given, the patient died following the sudden onset of acute hydrocephalus. CNS involvement in Ki-1 anaplastic large-cell lymphoma is very rare and most cases present as focal mass lesions in the brain parenchyma. Leptomeningeal seeding of the lymphoma cells with acute hydrocephalus contributing directly to death has never been reported. The experience from this case suggests that CNS involvement may present in variable forms in Ki-1 lymphoma and may be an important cause of mortality in young patients, especially those in advanced stages of the disease. Early detection of CNS involvement by CSF investigation or even prophylactic CNS therapy may be mandatory in these patients.
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PMID:Leptomeningeal seeding with acute hydrocephalus--unusual central nervous system presentation during chemotherapy in Ki-1-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. 863 43

Here we report an unusual case of T-cell lymphoma presenting as ascites. A 49-yr-old woman was admitted to the hospital for abdominal discomfort associated with increasing abdominal girth over the course of 3 mo. She also complained of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. On physical examination, a tense and distended abdomen and edema of the lower extremities were noted. Neither hepatosplenomegaly nor lymphadenopathy was found. A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed a large abdominal/pelvic mass surrounding the small bowel and omentum and small nodes in the para-aortic and mesenteric regions. The cytospin prepared from the peritoneal fluid was hypercellular and composed of a population of monotonous, noncohesive cells with a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and a single prominent central nucleolus. The cells were positive for leukocyte common antigen and Leu-22 (CD43) but negative for keratin, L26, UCHL-1, kappa, lambda, CD3, Ki-1 (CD30), S-100, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Morphologic and immunologic findings were suggestive of T-cell immunoblastic lymphoma. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas rarely present as ascites; this case demonstrates the value of effusion cytology in making this diagnosis.
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PMID:Peripheral T-cell lymphoma presenting as ascites: a case report and review of the literature. 1035 13

Histiocytic sarcoma is a rare malignancy with only 10 reports confirmed primarily involving the CNS. The diagnosis is dependent on the finding of malignant cells with histiocytic morphology and immunophenotype. The authors report a case of pathologically proven HS of the CNS. A 16-year-old boy presented with headaches, emesis, and altered sensorium. Noncontrast head CT scanning demonstrated a left parietal mass consistent with a tumor. Surgery was undertaken. Intraoperative findings revealed green-yellow exudates consistent with an abscess. Cultures were obtained and broad-spectrum antibiotics were started. The patient subsequently underwent multiple surgical procedures, including drainage and debulking of abscesses and hemicraniectomy. Two months after initial presentation, the patient's diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma was confirmed. Pathological examination demonstrated necrotizing inflammation with preponderant neutrophil infiltration, variably atypical mononuclear and multinucleate histiocytes, and numerous mitoses. Additional immunohistochemistry studies confirmed immunoreactivity for CD68, CD45, CD45RO, and CD15 and were negative for CD3, CD20, melanoma cocktail, CD30, CD1a, CD34, HMB-45, and melan-A. Once the diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma was confirmed, antibiotics were stopped and radiation therapy was undertaken. Despite treatment, the patient's neurological status continued to decline and the patient died 126 days after initial presentation. This case represents a rare confirmed example of CNS histiocytic sarcoma. A profound inflammatory infiltrate seen on pathology and green exudates seen intraoperatively make the condition difficult to distinguish from an abscess. Immunohistochemistry showing a histiocytic origin and negative for myeloid, dendritic, or other lymphoid markers is essential for the diagnosis. Further research is needed to establish consensus on treatment.
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PMID:Primary histiocytic sarcoma of the brain mimicking cerebral abscess. 2388 56

Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas in children are uncommon, aggressive tumors with a grave prognosis. We herein report the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings of a 16-year-old male. The adolescent presented with a history of abdominal pain, nausea and daily, nonbilious, nonbloody emesis for 3 weeks. Radiographic imaging suggested small bowel obstruction. The diagnostic work-up and differential diagnoses are discussed. Histologically, the tumor was composed of epithelioid cells with a papillary and glandular architectural pattern. A few glands appeared to produce mucinous material. Histochemistry revealed PAS diastase resistant mucin, an inconspicuous finding in diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. An extensive immunohistochemistry panel (calretinin, WT-1, D2-40, CK 7, CAM 5.2, CK 5/6, CEA, B72.3, CK 20, CD10, CD30, CD15, CD117, PLAP, S100, TFE3, and EMA) confirmed the diagnosis. Of special interest, BAP1 staining was cytoplasmic and consistent with 3p deletion detected by conventional cytogenetics. The ultrastructural analysis demonstrated long microvilli, desmosomes, and intercellular junctions which further supported the diagnosis.
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PMID:Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma in an Adolescent Male With BAP1 Deletion. 2522 65

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare, benign neoplasm that most commonly occurs in pediatric patients; it has been described as a pseudosarcomatous proliferation of spindled myofibroblasts mixed with lymphoplasmacytic cells. IMT has been reported in a number of locations throughout the body; however, cases occurring in the gastrointestinal tract are rare and to date, no case involving both the stomach and spleen has been reported. The current study presents a case of an extremely large IMT invading both the stomach and spleen in a 50-year-old female, presenting with a three-month history of left-sided abdominal distension without abdominal pain, fever or vomiting. As the tumor had invaded the stomach and spleen, it was completely excised and concomitantly, the entire stomach and spleen were removed. Histological examination of the biopsy revealed fascicles of spindle cells in a mixed inflammatory background, with inflammatory cells that were immunopositive for vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and negative for anaplastic lymphoma kinase and CD30, confirming the diagnosis of IMT. Four months following local excision of the mass, accompanied by a total gastrectomy and splenectomy, no abdominal distension, abdominal pain, fever or vomiting were observed and no IMT recurrence was identified.
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PMID:A large inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor involving both stomach and spleen: A case report and review of the literature. 2562 5

A 42-year-old immunocompetent female presented with headache, vomiting and diminished unilateral vision. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were suggestive of high-grade meningioma. Neurological examination and routine hematological parameters were within normal limits. Craniotomy was performed; the tumor was arising from the dura mater, which was completely resected. Hematoxylin and eosin showed lesion comprising a tumor mass with monomorphic population of tumor cells arranged in sheets and small follicles. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for leukocyte common antigen and CD20 and immunonegative for glial fibrillary acid protein, epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, CD3 and CD30. Rest of the body scan was normal. A diagnosis of primary dural non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was made. We report this exceedingly rare case of primary dural non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which mimicked clinically and radiologically as meningioma.
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PMID:Primary dural non-hodgkin's lymphoma mimicking meningioma: A case report and review of literature. 2645 14

An 85-year-old man presented to the emergency department with vomiting. He had tenderness in the left abdomen and under the umbilicus. Laboratory data showed an increase in the inflammatory response. Enhanced abdominal computed tomography showed thickening ofthe small intestinal wall in the lower left abdomen with a small amount ofadjacent free air. The fat tissue around the small intestine also revealed a high density area suggestive of inflammation. A diagnosis of peritonitis caused by intestinal perforation was made and an emergency operation was performed. We resected part of the ileum about 90 cm from the ileum end. The resected specimen showed a 1 by 1 cm mass with an ulcer and perforation at the base of the tumor. Histopathological findings revealed densely increased numbers of monomorphic medium-sized lymphoma cells infiltrating into all layers ofthe intestine. Immunohistochemically, the lymphocytes were positive for CD3, CD20, CD30, and CD79a. We diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Two cycles ofchemotherapy were given post-operatively. A recurrence was not observed. After chemotherapy he was transferred to rehabilitation.
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PMID:[A Case of Small Intestinal Malignant Lymphoma Presenting with Perforated Peritonitis]. 2813 47

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common histological subtype of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL). Primary retroperitoneal DLBCL is uncommon and has seldom been reported. Extrinsic compression of the duodenum due to lesions originating from the retroperitoneum is also rare. We present a case of a 39-year-old man who presented with inability to tolerate oral intake, abdominal pain, an upper abdominal mass and postprandial bilious vomiting caused by a large DLBCL arising from the retroperitoneum causing extrinsic compression of the duodenum. The cause of compression was initially presumed to be a neoplasm arising from the uncinate process of the pancreas or duodenum because of its proximity to the uncinate process and apparent widening of the C loop of duodenum. Repeat Computed Tomography (CT) scans were obtained because of the rapid increase in the size of the mass, normal levels of tumour markers such as Cancer Antigen (CA) 19-9, Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) and no evidence of jaundice in spite of the large size of the mass. It revealed encasement of the uncinate process of pancreas with no involvement of parenchyma of the pancreas, thereby mimicking a pancreatic tumour. The neoplastic lymphoid cells were positive for Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA), Cluster of Differentiation (CD)20, CD10, B-cell Lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and were negative for Creatine Kinase (CK), CD23, CD30, Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) and cyclin D1, D3 and D5. The Ki67 proliferative index was greater than 95%. Retroperitoneal DLBCL although rare should be considered in cases of duodenal obstruction.
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PMID:An Aggressive Primary Retroperitoneal Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Mimicking a Pancreatic Neoplasm, Presenting as Duodenal Stenosis. 2920 77


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