Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acetaminophen is a remarkably safe agent when used in therapeutic doses. Most reported overdoses of acetaminophen are the result of suicide attempts. The clinical course of patients with toxic blood levels follows four distinct stages. Symptoms of nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, and anorexia usually begin within seven to 14 hours after ingestion. After 24 to 48 hours, these symptoms may diminish, but SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin, and prothrombin time begin to rise. Peak hepatotoxicity occurs at 72 to 96 hours, and SGOT levels of 20,000 I.U. are not unusual. Oral N-acetylcysteine is the drug of choice for acetaminophen overdose. Intravenous use of N-acetylcysteine is advocated in England, Europe, and elsewhere, but it is not available in the United States. Clinical studies of oral and intravenous N-acetylcysteine clearly demonstrate that the drug has a profound effect on reducing morbidity and mortality if it is administered during the first 16 hours after the overdose. In addition, data from these studies have shown that alcohol taken simultaneously with an overdose of acetaminophen is actually hepatoprotective. Therefore, patients who have consumed alcohol at the time of overdose, or those who are chronic alcoholics, should be managed in the same way as patients with no exposure to alcohol. However, study results also reveal that overdose in children under 10 to 12 years of age follows a distinctly different pattern. These children demonstrate a lesser degree of hepatotoxicity and have only minor increases in transaminase levels.
 ...
PMID:Acetaminophen overdose. 635 59

Ceftazidime (CAZ) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 31 children. Of the 25 confirmed bacterial infections, 23 were cured by the CAZ therapy (efficacy rate, 92%). CAZ was assessed as effective in acute pharyngitis with vomiting (4), acute laryngitis (1), pneumonia (8), urinary tract infections (5), acute gastroenteritis (1), infection accompanying acute leukemia (septicemia suspected) (1), acute purulent meningitis (2) and abscess of the lateral cervical cyst (1). The main pathogens which responded to CAZ were H. influenzae, S. pyogenes, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. As adverse events, mild melena with prolonged prothrombin time (1) was found to be associated with the CAZ therapy. Half-life of the CAZ serum level was 0.97 +/- 0.10 hours, and urinary excretion was high. Penetration into the CSF in 2 cases of acute purulent meningitis was satisfactory. The data suggest that CAZ is a safe and effective injectable antibiotic when used in children with infections of CAZ-susceptible bacteria including P. aeruginosa.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftazidime in the treatment of pediatric infections]. 637 50

General pharmacological properties of cefoperazone (CPZ) were studied in various experimental animals. CPZ showed the following effects with intravenous injection to experimental animals. On the central nervous system, CPZ caused vomiting in dogs at 500 mg/kg, pyrexia and slow waves in electroencephalogram in rabbits at 1,000 mg/kg. On the motor and sensory nervous systems, CPZ enhanced slightly the twitch tension of musculus gastrocnemius induced by electrical stimulation in rats at 500 mg/kg. On the respiratory, cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems, CPZ increased transiently the respiratory rate and potentiated the depressor response to Ach at 125 mg/kg, increased femoral blood flow, potentiated the pressor response to Adr in dogs and decreased the contraction of nictitating membrane induced by electrical stimulation in cats at 500 mg/kg, and then raised the systolic blood pressure in rabbits at 1,000 mg/kg. On the blood, CPZ decreased ChE activity in rabbit plasma at 250 mg/kg, prolonged bleeding time in mice at 500 mg/kg and prothrombin time in rabbits at 1,000 mg/kg. On the smooth muscle organs, CPZ enhanced slightly gastric motility in rabbits and ileal motility in guinea pigs at 62.5 and 125 mg/kg respectively, and promoted gastrointestinal propulsion of BaSO4 meal in mice at 1,000 mg/kg. On the urinary organ, CPZ increased urine volume and electrolytes excretion in dogs at 500 mg/kg. Subcutaneous injection of CPZ scarcely showed any significant effect in experimental animals under the dose of 2,000 mg/kg. In the in vitro experiments, CPZ enhanced slightly the motility of isolated rabbit gastrointestinal tract at 10(-3) g/ml. Assuming the single clinical dose of CPZ should be 10 approximately 40 mg/kg, it is concluded that the occurrence of pharmacological effects observed in experimental animals seems to be very rare clinically.
 ...
PMID:[General pharmacology of cefoperazone, a new cephalosporin antibiotic (author's transl)]. 645 24

This 74-year-old female suddenly complained of severe headache, nausea, vomiting and dizziness on June 19, 1981. She was brought to nearby hospital. During the following six days, the state of consciousness gradually worsened and left-sided hemiparesis and convulsion attack arose and she was admitted to our clinic on June 25, 1981. Cerebral angiograms revealed an aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery. Diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to the rupture of an aneurysm was tentatively made and conservative therapy was done. On the second hospital day, she had nasal bleeding and began to excrete tar-like stool. Laboratory examination revealed thrombocytopenia, increase of FDP and prolongation of prothrombin time. Her liver and renal functions gradually worsened after this episode. On the 13th hospital day, she expired. General autopsy showed wide spread adenocarcinoma with metastases to the lung, lymph nodes and bones. Examination of the head revealed an unruptured aneurysm and bilateral diffuse subdural clotted hemorrhage. The dura was tightly adherent to the skull and partially thickened. No abnormal findings were found in the brain. On microscopical examination of the dura, there were fresh hemorrhage and many of the innumerable dilated small vessels contained tumor in the inner dural layer. Even by extensive examination, the origin of the malignancy could not be identified. We concluded that the initial symptoms just like of subarachnoid hemorrhage were due to the dural metastasis and subdural hematoma. Sixteen cases of subdural hematoma secondary to metastatic neoplasm were reported previously. We made some discussion about the pathogenesis and symptomatology of this type of subdural hematoma.
 ...
PMID:[Subdural hematoma due to metastatic dural carcinomatosis associated with DIC--a case report]. 662 89

A single oral dose of the lyophilized deathcap fungus Amanita phalloides (85 mg/kg body wt) caused gastrointestinal signs of diarrhea, retching, and vomiting in beagles after a latent period of 16 hr. The pathologic lesions; the increases in serum transaminase (GOT, GPT), alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin, as well as the fall in prothrombin time all indicated that liver damage was maximal at about 48 hr after poisoning. Four of twelve dogs given A. phalloides died with signs of hepatic coma within 35 to 54 hr with the biochemical values in the survivors reverting to normal by the ninth day. Silibinin administration (50 mg/kg) 5 and 24 hr after intoxication suppressed the serum changes and the fall in prothrombin time. The degree of hemorrhagic necrosis in the liver was markedly reduced, and none of the silibinin-treated dogs died.
 ...
PMID:Protection by silibinin against Amanita phalloides intoxication in beagles. 671 56

The effects of sequential prostacyclin infusions at 2, 4, and 8 ng/kg/min for 1 hr were determined in six patients with chronic renal failure. Diastolic blood pressure decreased in a dose-dependent fashion from 74 +/- 4 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) to 70 +/- 4, 66 +/- 5, and 55 +/- 5 during the 2, 4, and 8 ng/kg/min infusions, respectively; systolic blood pressure was not affected by prostacyclin. The fall in diastolic blood pressure was associated with a progressive rise in heart rate from 77 +/- 3 to 91 +/- 4 bpm and lowering of body temperature from 36.7 +/- 0.1 to 36 +/- 0.2 degrees. The threshold concentration of adenosine diphosphate that evoked reversible and irreversible platelet aggregation increased progressively from 1.2 to 2.8 and from 2.8 to 6 microM, respectively, during the prostacyclin infusions. Prostacyclin infusions had no effect on prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, or platelet count, but template bleeding time increased (not statistically significantly) from 5.8 to 12.3 min. In three of six patients, the 8 ng/kg/min infusion was terminated prematurely due to nausea, vomiting, and/or hypotension. We conclude that platelet aggregability can be inhibited in patients with chronic uremia by infusing 4 ng/kg/min prostacyclin without causing untoward side effects. When infused at hemodynamically tolerable doses, prostacyclin might serve as an in vivo inhibitor of platelet aggregation during hemodialysis or cardiopulmonary bypass.
 ...
PMID:Effects of prostacyclin infusion in uremic patients: hematologic and hemodynamic responses. 701 91

A case report is presented of toxic shock syndrome associated with the use of a contraceptive diaphragm and recent removal of an IUD. A 23 year old woman was admitted to St. Paul's Hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia because of frequent watery diarrhea and vomiting that had begun suddenly 2 days earlier, as well as generalized abdominal and muscular pain, fever and sweating of 1 day's duration. The patient's last menstrual period had ended 3 weeks earlier. Oral contraceptive (OC) therapy had been stopped 9 months earlier, and 2 weeks before admission an IUD had been removed because of dyspareunia. A diaphragm had been inserted 24 hours before the onset of symptoms and was in place at the time of admission. Removal of the diaphragm revealed about 10 ml of greenish yellow pus. Laboratory tests showed multiorgan involvement. The blood urea nitrogen level was 35 mg/dl and the serum creatinine level 2.9 mg/dl. The serum amylase level was 125 IU/l at the time of admission but rose to 1021 IU/l by day 6. The prothrombin time was 16 seconds. Arterial blood gas studies while the patient was breathing room air showed the following: pH 7.36, carbon dioxide tension 20 mm Hg and oxygen tension 84 mm Hg. Urinalysis showed pus and a small amount of glucose. Treatment consisted of blood volume expansion and electrolyte replacement. The patient showed improvement within 48 hours. 6 days after admission an exfoliative desquamating rash developed on the volar surfaces of the fingers and feet, and a slight scaling rash was noted on the face. These cleared spontaneously, without residual scarring. 6 criteria for the diagnosis of toxic shock syndrome have been defined: an increased body temperature; skin manifestations; shock, frequently with orthostatic hypotension and syncope; involvement of multiple organs; diarrhea; and myalgia. Clinicians need to appreciate that tampons are not the only cause of toxic shock syndrome and that the syndrome can occur at times other than during menstruation. Diaphragms may only rarely be associated, but their relation to toxic shock syndrome must be recognized. Counseling on the use of diaphragms should stress the avoidance of prolonged use.
 ...
PMID:Toxic shock syndrome associated with a contraceptive diaphragm. 712 32

Acute intrinsic renal failure was diagnosed in a two-year-old, male, German shepherd dog following a Vipera aspis bite. Clinical signs included depression, hypersalivation, vomiting, tachypnoea, abdominal pain, splenomegaly, oliguria with haematuria and haemolysed serum. Leucocytosis with a shift to the left, thrombocytopenia, prolonged coagulation times (activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and thrombin time), hypofibrinogenaemia, azotaemia and hyposthenuria were the most prominent laboratory abnormalities. Histopathological evaluation of the kidneys showed a discrete glomerular hypercellularity, mesangial lysis and renal tubules filled with many hyaline casts and some necrotic cells.
 ...
PMID:Acute intrinsic renal failure and blood coagulation disorders after a snakebite in a dog. 747 66

An inappropriate blood-to-anticoagulant ratio can cause an artifactual prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT). In a drug safety study in dogs, we observed a 4- to 5-second increase in the APTT from baseline coincident with increased hematocrit values (56% to 65%) secondary to drug-induced vomiting and diarrhea. The PT and platelet counts were unchanged, and there was no clinical evidence of bleeding associated with venipuncture. Although we were unable to sample the same dogs to investigate the possible effect of hemoconcentration on the prolonged APTT, the question was addressed by an in vitro study. The hematocrit value for citrated blood samples collected from healthy beagle dogs was increased by the addition of aliquots of red blood cell/plasma mixtures in vitro while maintaining a 9:1 blood-to-anticoagulant ratio. There was a 2- to 4-second prolongation of the APTT associated with hematocrit values of 55% to 61%, but the PT was not prolonged. Adjustment of the blood-to-anticoagulant ratio corrected the prolongation. This study emphasizes the important relationship of the blood-to-anticoagulant ratio when measuring coagulation tests in hemoconcentrated samples.
 ...
PMID:Artifactual prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time associated with hemoconcentration in dogs. 767 18

Seven Saudi children bitten by Echis colorata, a species of carpet viper encountered mainly in the Middle East, were studied in south-western Saudi Arabia. They all showed severe local signs of swelling, ecchymosis and blisters, and one also had local necrosis. Four children had systemic envenoming with vomiting and hypotension, and one child had acute renal failure. Three of them had prolonged prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times and hypofibrinogenaemia resulting from disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. They were initially managed in the intensive care unit and received intravenous fluids and polyvalent antivenom. Apart from one child who required skin grafting for local necrosis, complete recovery with no sequelae occurred in all cases.
 ...
PMID:Complications of Echis colorata snake bites in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. 768 44


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>