Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined the clinical symptoms and laboratory findings of 21 children with aseptic meningitis caused by echovirus 13 during the summer of 2002. All patients (mean age: 8.3 years) complained of fever and headache. Some had mild vomiting and some had severe vomiting of 4 times or more. In the early stage of the disease, the mean count of WBC was 8,283/microliter, mean level of CRP was 0.8 mg/dl, and there were no abnormalities in levels of GOT, GPT, or LDH. The levels of protein and sugar, in cerebrospinal fluid showed no abnormalities, and mean total cell count was 560/microliter. The mean number of polynuclear cells was 357/microliter, and of mononuclear cells was 203/microliter, showing polynuclear cell predominance. In the recovery period, the tendency to polynuclear cell predominance in the early stage of the disease shifted to mononuclear predominance. One of the 21 patients exhibited multinucleated cell predominance in the cerebrospinal fluid, a high CRP value of 6.2 mg/dl, as well as symptoms of restlessness including numbness of the limbs, hyperpnea, and excitation, needed careful diagnosis as aseptic meningitis. Almost all of the patients were mild cases, and no large differences were seen with the clinical and laboratory findings in previous reports of echovirus aseptic meningitis.
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PMID:[Clinical analysis of aseptic meningitis caused by echovirus 13]. 1457 43

Between the dates of May 4th-August 6th 2002, 46 cases were detected with abdominal pain nausea, vomiting, arthralgia/myalgia, headache, fever, diarrhea and rash, in the middle Blacksea and north inner Anatolia regions. Their laboratory findings yielded elevated levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, LDH), leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. As the infection was treated easily with tetracyclines, clinical diagnosis was considered to be rickettsiosis or ehrlichiosis. Serum and blood samples obtained from some of the patients were tested against Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Leptospira and Coxiella, in the national and international laboratories. Samples from 19 patients were sent to National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Rickettsial Reference and Research Laboratory, France, and 7 of them were reported as acute Q fever while 8 of them were reported as passed Q fever (QF) cases. In May 2003, new cases with similar symptoms have been reported from the same regions, with different epidemiologic and serologic findings (tick exposure history was higher, response to tetracycline was lower, C. burnetii antibodies were negative), indicating a viral etiology. The samples of these patients have been sent to National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Viral Heamorrhagic Fevers, France, and the initial reports were marked as Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). Then the serum samples of previous 26 patients which were stored in National Serum Bank have been retrospectively investigated for viral aetiology in the same center, and 17 of them have been found positive for CCHFV IgM antibodies. Four of these patients were diagnosed as acute QF in 2002, one was passed QF, 2 were negative for QF and 10 were patients not investigated for QF. As a result, the detection of the both infections together in the same area shows the essential need for further epidemiological investigations.
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PMID:[Epidemiological evaluation of a possible outbreak in and nearby Tokat province]. 1529

Malaria is a rare but potentially serious complication of blood transfusion. In this report a transfusion-transmitted malaria case has been presented. A 47-years-old woman admitted to our clinic with the complaints of striking fever with chills, diarrhea and vomiting. She had history of an operation and transfusion before 10 days of admission. On physical examination jaundice, splenomegaly and abdominal tenderness were detected. Laboratory results revealed anemia, and elevated LDH and bilirubin levels. Examination of thin blood films yielded Plasmodium vivax trophozoites. Chloroquine was initiated for therapy and the patient was successfully treated. On the other hand, informations about her blood donor indicated that he had been in the military service in Southeast Anatolia of Turkey where malaria is endemic. All the efforts to reach the donor, for his diagnosis and treatment, were failed. Since our region (Northeast Anatolia) is not an endemic area for malaria and the patient had no travel history to an endemic area, it has been considered that the transmission route of malaria in this case was blood transfusion. In conclusion, as there are no available approved tests for malaria screening of donations, the transfusion-transmitted malaria can only be prevented by careful questioning of the donors.
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PMID:[A transfusion-transmitted malaria case]. 1590 Aug 44

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the acute toxicity of oral exposure to nanoscale zinc powder in mice. The healthy adult male and female mice were gastro-intestinally administered at a dose of 5 g/kg body weight with two size particles, nanoscale zinc (N-Zn) and microscale zinc (M-Zn) powder, while one group mice treated with sodium carboxy methyl cellulose was used as the control. The symptoms and mortality after zinc powder treatment were recorded. The effects of particles on the blood-element, the serum biochemical level and the blood coagulation were studied after 2 weeks of administration. The organs were collected for histopathological examination. The N-Zn treated mice showed more severe symptoms of lethargy, vomiting and diarrhea in the beginning days than the M-Zn mice. Deaths of two mice occurred in the N-Zn group after the first week of treatment. The mortalities were confirmed by intestinal obstruction of the nanoscale zinc aggregation. The biochemical liver function tests of serum showed significantly elevated ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH in the M-Zn mice and ALT, ALP, and LDH in the N-Zn mice compared with the controls (P<0.05), which indicated that the liver damage was probably induced by both micro- and nano-scale zinc powders. The clinical changes were observed in the two treated group mice as well. The levels of the above enzymes were generally higher in the M-Zn mice than in the N-Zn mice, which implied that M-Zn powder could induce more severe liver damage than N-Zn. The biochemical renal function tests of serum BUN and CR in the M-Zn mice markedly increased either compared with the N-Zn mice or with the controls (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between the N-Zn and the control mice. However, severe renal lesions were found by the renal histopathological examination in the N-Zn exposed mice. Therefore, we concluded that severe renal damage could occur in the N-Zn treated mice, though no significant change of blood biochemical levels occurred. Blood-element test showed that in the N-Zn mice, PLT and RDW-CV significantly increased, and HGB and HCT significantly decreased compared to the controls, which indicated that N-Zn powder could cause severe anemia. Besides the pathological lesions in the liver, renal, and heart tissue, only slight stomach and intestinal inflammation was found in all the zinc treated mice, without significant pathological changes in other organs.
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PMID:Acute toxicity of nano- and micro-scale zinc powder in healthy adult mice. 1616 31

A 60-year-old female patient with a therapy-resistant Bence-Jones (BJ) lambda-type multiple myeloma was treated with bortezomib. She had been treated with tandem autologous stem cell transplantations and achieved complete remission before her disease relapsed. Sixteen hours after the first administration of bortezomib, an episode of fever, slight consciousness disturbance and vomiting occurred, which was accompanied by a remarkable elevation of LDH (3608 IU/l). Serum levels of creatinine, uric acid, and AST were also transiently elevated. Serum interleukin-6 level was also increased after the administration of bortezomib. The symptoms disappeared rapidly within 48 hours. Bortezomib at a 25%-reduced dose was administered again along with dexamethasone 26 days later, which caused a moderate increase in LDH levels, but no other symptoms. Further treatment caused no increase in LDH. The treatment was very effective and eradicated both urinary BJ protein and bone marrow myeloma cells after 8 sessions of bortezomib administration. These findings suggest that a bortezomib-induced rapid reduction in tumor burden led to tumor lysis syndrome, for which caution is needed when treating myeloma patients with this very effective agent.
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PMID:[Bortezomib-induced tumor lysis syndrome with a remarkable elevation of LDH in a case of relapsed and therapy-resistant multiple myeloma]. 1698 18

Use-result surveillance was conducted to investigate the safety and efficacy of Acetylcysteine Oral Solution 17.6 % "SENJU" having the indication for the antidote to acetaminophen (Paracetamol) overdose. Ninety six cases (patients) were collected for the safety evaluation, and 13 cases (incidence was 13.5 %) showed 29 adverse drug reactions as follows: 4 cases of nausea; 3 cases of vomiting; 2 cases each of liver dysfunction, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood bilirubin increased; and one case each of CK increased, anaemia, prothrombin time prolonged, gamma-glutamyltransferase increased, LDH increased, body temperature increased, proteinuria, blood potassium decreased, thrombocytopenia, platelet count increased, white blood cell decreased, and blood amylase increased. One case of severe liver dysfunction which was ameliorated later was found. Neither case showing transitional chronic liver dysfunction, nor case of death was observed. Patient background analysis showed that 79.2% of the total patients was female, and that 28.1% was patients with mental disease. Gastrolavage, active charcoal administration, and extracorporeal removal of toxins were performed in cases of 71.9%, 50.0% and 7.3%, respectively. Those concomitant treatments, however, showed no influence for the incidence of adverse drug reaction or the drug effectiveness. Blood acetaminophen assay was performed in only 43.8% of the total cases. This rate indicates that the medical treatment procedure needs more consideration on the clinical standard for the antidote to acetaminophen overdose and on its practical application.
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PMID:[Post-marketing surveillance of acetylcysteine oral solution 17.6% "SENJU" for the antidote to acetaminophen overdose--use--results surveillance]. 1713 80

Toxic effects of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) observed in animals range from diarrhea, vomiting, gastro-intestinal inflammation to necrosis of several tissues. In the last years, DON has been tested in hepatocytes of several animal species for its cytotoxicity. However, these tests are limited to the use of animal cells. No studies using human hepatocytes are available. Further investigations with the human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line HepG2 might be limited due to the disadvantages of cell lines (e. g. immortalization, tumor derivation, longtime cultivation) and do not necessarily reflect the response of normal human cells. In order to overcome this problem and to be closer to the human situation, we studied the effect of DON in human primary hepatocytes and compared these data to the effects in the HepG2 cell line. Cell viability, apoptotic and necrotic cell death, albumin secretion and metabolic activity were determined. It could be demonstrated that DON has a distinct cytotoxic effect on human primary hepatocytes. Viability, protein content and albumin secretion were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptotic key enzyme caspase-3 was activated, while LDH release occurred only after long incubation time due to a secondary necrosis. Furthermore, we studied the metabolism of DON using LC-MS/MS. DON was neither metabolized by primary hepatocytes cells nor by the HepG2 cell line.
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PMID:Effects of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol on human primary hepatocytes. 1861 82

A multi-center, randomized controlled collaborative study was conducted in 310 institutions located throughout Japan for 3 years and 9 months from February 1985 until October 1988 to evaluate the efficacy of post-operative adjuvant therapy for patients who had previously undergone curative surgery for treatment of Stage IIIa breast cancer. Patients with estrogen receptor-positive [ER( + )] breast cancer were treated with two types of regimens, ie, cyclophosphamide + adriamycin + fluorouracil (CAF; 2 cycles) + Futraful (FT) or CAF (2 cycles) + FT + tamoxifen (TAM), and the clinical benefit of additional use of TAM was evaluated. Of the 509 ER( + ) patients registered for the trial, 473 patients (92.9%) were eligible for evaluation. The 5-year survival rate was 77.2% for the CAF + FT group and 74.6% for the CAF + FT+TAM group, and the 5-year disease-free survival rate was 56.7% for the CAF+FT group and 59.2% for the CAF + FT + TAM group. Neither the survival rate nor the disease-free survival rate differed significantly between the groups. Analyses by factor revealed that the 5-year disease-free rate for lymph node-negative patients in the CAF + FT + TAM group was significantly higher than that for the corresponding patients in the CAF + FT group. No differences were noted in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two treatment groups, other than an increase in LDH (the frequency of which was higher in the CAF + FT+TAM group than in the CAF + FT group). Patients with estrogen receptor-negative [ER( -)] breast cancer were treated with two types of regimens, ie, CAF + FT or CAF + FT + adriamycin (ADR), and the clinical benefit of the combined use of intermittent doses of ADR was evaluated. Of the 514 ER(-) patients registered in the trial, 478 (93.0%) were eligible for evaluation. The 5-year survival rate was 64.9% for the CAF + FT group and 63.0% for the CAF + FT + ADR group, and the 5-year disease-free survival rate was 59.2% for both CAF + FT and CAF + FT + ADR groups. Neither the survival rate nor the disease-free survival rate differed significantly between the groups. There were no significant differences between these groups in analyses by nodal or menopausal status. The incidences of adverse reactions including anorexia, nausea/vomiting and alopecia were higher in the CAF + FT+ADR group than in the CAF + FT group.
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PMID:Efficacy of postoperative adjuvant therapy for stage ilia breast cancer: Futraful vs futraful+tamoxifen for ER-positive patients and futraful vs futraful + adriamycin for ER-negative breast cancer. 1884 55

This paper describes very rare chemical poisoning and characteristics of patients with acute endosulfan mass poisoning in a rural area of Turkey and our experiences of these patients. We included 41 patients who were treated in our hospital with the diagnosis of endosulfan poisoning. After the first vital intervention they were examined in terms of age, sex, symptoms and physical examination findings, laboratory results, treatment and outcome. Forty-one patients were admitted to the emergency department (ED) after triage. Nineteen (46.3%) of the patients were female, 22 (53.7%) were male. The mean age was 27.9+/-16.0 years (1-67 years). The mean time to the ED was 4.1+/-0.9 h (3-6.5 h). The most common symptoms were anxiety (97.6%), nausea (56.1%) and vomiting (48.8%). Tests of the blood samples obtained at the ED revealed leucocytosis (11 070.6+/-4302.5/microl), increased blood glucose, LDH, CK and CK-MB levels. Toxicological analysis of blood and urine samples revealed endosulfan as the causative agent. Especially in the rural areas, cases with acute repetitive seizures should suggest endosulfan intoxication when the aetiology is uncertain even in the absence of any signs of intoxication. Health care professionals should understand the hazards associated with the pesticide use as well as diagnosis and treatment of these types of poisonings.
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PMID:Experiences with endosulfan mass poisoning in rural areas. 1893 18

Defined by the association of hemolysis, hepatic dysfunction and thrombocytopenia, the Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzyme, Low Platelets (HELLP) syndrome can complicate preeclampsia and worsen maternal and fetal prognosis. It can be diagnosed in the immediate postpartum (30%) or in the absence of preeclampsia (10-20%). Clinical diagnosis can be difficult because there is no specific symptom. Abdominal pain or vomiting during the third trimester must lead to think about this diagnosis. Biological criteria are well defined: hemolysis by the presence of schistocytes, increased serum total bilirubin >12 mg/L or LDH >600 IU/L, hepatic dysfunction by increased transaminases and thrombocytopenia by a platelet count <100,000/microL. The evolution of those parameters is a major prognostic factor. With the HELLP syndrome, maternal morbidity is dramatically increased compared to isolated preeclampsia with complications such as eclampsia, placental abruptio, disseminated intravascular coagulation, pulmonary edema, acute renal insufficiency, subcapsular liver hematoma. The management of a HELLP syndrome requests level 3 hospital with intensive care units for neonate and mother. The treatment of this syndrome requires termination of the pregnancy as soon a possible, either by cesarean section or by vaginal delivery if cervical conditions are optimal (without any maternal or fetal complications). Before 32 weeks, a more expectative attitude could be acceptable with the prematurity permitting corticotherapy for fetal pulmonary maturation. This corticotherapy can improve temporary biological parameters but there are no proven benefits to consider improvement for long term maternal or fetal prognosis. During the postpartum, evolution is usually spontaneously favorable. Recurrences are not frequent.
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PMID:[Management of the HELLP syndrome]. 1900 44


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