Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the biochemical results in 90 women presenting to an eating disorders clinic: 61 who had bulimia, 22 with anorexia nervosa and seven unclassified. The results were compared with 30 control women. The group of women with an eating disorder had significantly higher concentrations of total CO2, calcium, AST, ALT, ALP, albumin and cholesterol and significantly lower concentrations of potassium, chloride and phosphate in the plasma. The elevated calcium could be accounted for in part by an increase in total CO2 and an increase in albumin. Hypokalaemia was strongly associated with self-induced vomiting and laxative abuse. Biochemical abnormalities occurred in both forms of eating disorders; however, hypercholesterolaemia was more common in anorexia nervosa and abnormal liver enzymes were more common in bulimia.
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PMID:Biochemical abnormalities in anorexia nervosa and bulimia. 310 18

Carbohydrate energy absorption and breath hydrogen concentration were measured in 12 premature infants 28-32 wk gestational age and 2-4 wk postnatal age. Each of two groups of six infants were randomly assigned to receive one of two formulas that differed only in carbohydrate source: 100% lactose (LAC) or 50% lactose: 50% glucose polymer (LAC + GP). In 11 infants the peak breath hydrogen concentration suggested extensive colonic fermentation (range 44-239 ppm/5% CO2 or 44-239 microL/L per 50 mL/L CO2). An approximate 100% increase in lactose intake in the LAC group was associated with a similar increase in breath hydrogen concentration at 30, 60, and 120 min. None of the infants exhibited diarrhea or vomiting or developed delayed gastric emptying. Carbohydrate energy absorption (mean +/- SD) was, respectively, 86 +/- 5% and 91 +/- 3% in the LAC and the LAC + GP groups (p greater than 0.05). Thus, colonic bacterial fermentation may be critical to energy balance and to the prevention of osmotic diarrhea in premature infants fed lactose.
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PMID:Dietary carbohydrate assimilation in the premature infant: evidence for a nutritionally significant bacterial ecosystem in the colon. 367 45

Using squirrel monkeys as experimental subjects, we reexamined the disputed role of the area postrema (AP) in motion-induced vomiting. After anesthetization, the obex and rhomboid fossa were exposed surgically, and the AP was ablated by thermal coagulation using either a battery cautery or a CO2 microsurgical laser. Sham operations were performed on another sample of monkeys. Two or more weeks after surgery, all animals were given 10 daily 2-hour horizontal rotations at 30 rpm. Every monkey in both the lesions and sham samples vomited on two or more test days. While the vomiting characteristics were modified following ablation of AP, its function is not indispensible for the development of motion sickness in horizontally-rotated squirrel monkeys.
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PMID:Motion-induced sickness following bilateral ablation of area postrema in squirrel monkeys. 377 20

To delineate the spectrum of clinical expressions of distal, type 1 renal tubular acidosis in children and to update progress in diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis, the medical records of 14 girls and 10 boys, seen over a 7 year period, who met the following criteria, were examined: persistent urinary pH more than 6, net acid excretion less than 70 microEq/min/1.73 m2, simultaneous serum total CO2 less than 17.5 mEq/1, and normal or mild impairment of the glomerular filtration rate. The mean age at diagnosis was 8 months. The presenting signs and symptoms were failure to thrive (50%), vomiting and/or diarrhea (37.5%), dehydration (12.5%), and poor feeding (8.3%). Mean values +/- SD of serum calcium (9.8 +/- 0.8 mg/dl), inorganic phosphate (5.6 +/- 0.8 mg/dl), and alkaline phosphatase (222.6 +/- 96.1 U/l) were normal. Hyperkalemia (serum potassium above 5.0 mEq/l) was present at diagnosis in 13 children. Type 4 renal tubular acidosis was ruled out by the inability to achieve a minimum urine pH. With a mean follow-up period of 28.1 +/- 25.3 months, after alkali therapy at 3.3-3.5 mEq/kg/day had been administered for at least 12 months, the growth parameters improved as follows: the percentile weight (mean +/- SD) increased from the initial 11.8 +/- 7.5 to the final 27.6 +/- 31.3 (p less than 0.003), and the length/height percentile increased from 11.5 +/- 7.3 to 29.7 +/- 24.2 (p less than 0.03). The relationship between urine calcium/creatinine ratio and serum total CO2 showed poor correlation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Renal tubular acidosis in children. Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. 377 38

The safety and efficacy of captopril therapy in children with severe and refractory hypertension has been evaluated in a collaborative international study which enrolled a group of 73 patients, 15 years of age or younger. Most patients had hypertension associated with renal disease or vascular abnormalities. Captopril was administered for periods of less than 3 months to more than 1 year. A significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures was produced by the administration of captopril, usually in conjunction with other antihypertensive agents (most commonly diuretics and/or beta-blockers). Systolic blood pressures were normalized in 62% and 53% and diastolic blood pressures in 56% and 45% of reported patients after the second and sixth months of captopril therapy, respectively. The response to captopril was sustained over a 12-month period. Adverse reactions were reported in 49% of the 73 patients; 48% of patients had experienced adverse reactions to other antihypertensive agents prior to entering the study. The reactions most frequently observed during captopril therapy were hypotension, vomiting, postural symptoms, anemia, rash, and anorexia. Leukopenia was reported in six patients, all of whom had renal impairment. Two of these patients had received concomitant therapy with immunosuppressants, and one had systemic lupus erythematosus. Captopril was discontinued in two of these six children. Statistically significant increases in mean serum urea nitrogen and potassium concentrations and decreases in mean serum CO2 levels were observed during the course of therapy. These effects could not be exclusively attributed to captopril administration as the study population received multidrug therapy and had significant intrinsic disease. Captopril was demonstrated to be an effective and safe drug for the treatment of children with severe hypertension.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of captopril in the treatment of severe childhood hypertension: report of the International Collaborative Study Group. 388 18

We compared the therapeutic efficacy of a World Health Organization standard bicarbonate-based oral rehydration salt solution (BBORS) with a citrate-based oral rehydration solution (CBORS) in a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in 130 dehydrated patients with cholera aged three to 82 years. On admission the 70 patients who received CBORS and the 60 who received BBORS were similar except that the serum CO2 content (mmol/liter) was significantly lower in the CBORS group (10.8 +/- 3.6 vs. 12.5 +/- 5.3). The incidence of vomiting postadmission (41% vs. 62%, respectively), the stool output during the first 24 hr (4,252 +/- 3,900 ml vs. 6,025 +/- 4,389 ml, respectively), and the time until the patients' conditions were considered normal (38.9 +/- 14.5 hr vs. 46.3 +/- 22.7 hr, respectively) were all significantly less in the CBORS group. The serum CO2 content increased more rapidly during the first 48 hr in the CBORS group (87% +/- 74% vs. 61% +/- 68% for the BBORS group); 23% of the patients receiving CBORS and 35% of the patients receiving BBORS were considered oral-therapy treatment failures. The results indicate that CBORS was superior to BBORS for rehydration and maintenance therapy of hospitalized cholera patients in Jakarta.
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PMID:Rehydration and maintenance therapy of cholera patients in Jakarta: citrate-based versus bicarbonate-based oral rehydration salt solution. 390 81

The synthetic opioid tramadol was given to 40 patients during surgery according to a fixed, calculated infusion scheme. Anesthesia was started with thiopental and the patients were given different nitrous oxide concentrations via a semi-open system (group 1: 60%, group 2: 75%). The aim of this study was to clarify whether this anaesthetic procedure is practicable or whether it has grave disadvantages in comparison with the anesthesia models used so far. Furthermore we wanted to clarify whether under this infusion scheme the proportion of N2O in the inspiratory mixture is sufficient or whether higher concentrations are required. In 24 of 40 patients analgesia or the depth of anaesthesia was insufficient so that additional enflurane application was necessary. Postoperative respiratory depression in three patients had to be treated with naloxone. The advantages of this procedure are the safe and easy practicability, absence of significant changes in the haemodynamic parameters, good postoperative response of the patients and postoperative pain relief as well as the low incidence of postoperative side effects such as nausea, vomiting and CO2-retention.
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PMID:[Tramadol infusion anesthesia with the substitution of enflurane and various nitrous oxide concentrations]. 391 7

In chronically implanted rats, we examined the respiratory EMG activity of the two parts of the diaphragm, costal and crural, during sleep and wakefulness. Their activity was compared and contrasted with that of the EMG activity of the cricothyroid muscle. Whether in wakefulness, while grooming and drinking, or in nonrapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep, and independent of the gas mixture breathed (4 to 5% CO2 or 10% O2 in nitrogen), the two parts of the diaphragm paused during REM apnea episodes whereas the cricothyroid muscle ceased its activity or exhibited sustained activity. We conclude that the diaphragm, mainly an inspiratory muscle, acts as a single functional unit when under the respiratory control system. The cricothyroid muscle functions as an inspiratory and/or expiratory muscle, also under the respiratory control systems. Both muscles in the rat come under other neural control mechanisms governing nonrespiratory functions, e.g., swallowing, defecation, and coughing, but not vomiting.
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PMID:Unity of costal and crural diaphragmatic activity in respiration. 393 Feb 80

In a randomized double-blind study the influence of morphine 0.5 mg on the development and regression of spinal anaesthesia, the postoperative analgesia and the side effects were investigated. Forty-two patients received an isobaric spinal anaesthesia with tetracaine 20 mg without morphine (n = 19) or with morphine 0.5 mg (n = 23). The sensory blockade was tested by pinprick; the patients evaluated their postoperative pain with an analogue scale. Arterial blood gases, respiratory rate, blood pressure and heart rate were measured and side effects determined. In the test group the cranial level of anaesthesia was during the development (p greater than 0.05) and regression (p less than 0.05) half to three segments higher than in the control group. The postoperative analgesia was more intense and longer lasting with morphine than without (p less than 0.05). Following morphine, P art CO2 was higher (p less than 0.05), the respiratory rate lower (p less than 0.05). Pruritus, nausea, vomiting and disturbances of micturition were more frequent. Following spinal anaesthesia with a deeper level of anaesthesia at T8-T11 the postoperative analgesia was superior than following spinal anaesthesia with a higher level of anaesthesia at T3-T4 (p less than 0.05). Only following higher levels of anaesthesia there was evidence of respiratory depression (p less than 0.05). This is why the level of spinal anaesthesia with the addition of morphine must not be higher than necessary for surgery.
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PMID:[0.5 mg intrathecal morphine in spinal anesthesia. A double blind study on sensory block, postoperative analgesia and adverse effects]. 639 May 47

This study reports the results of a biochemical investigation of 80 eating disorder patients and results of an endocrinological investigation of 20 subjects. Of the 80 subjects studied, 22 suffered from anorexia nervosa and 51 were diagnosed as having bulimia. These patient's results were compared to those of 30 control subjects. The eating disorder patients had significantly higher levels of total CO2 calcium, alanine aminotransferase and cholesterol, and significantly lower levels of potassium, chloride and phosphate in the plasma. Hypokalaemia was strongly associated with self-induced vomiting and laxative abuse. Hypercholesterolaemia occurred most commonly in anorexia nervosa patients. Preliminary endocrinological results suggest decreased gonadotrophin levels are associated with binge eating and self-induced vomiting and laxative abuse, as well as with low weight. We feel eating disorder patients should be interviewed and examined by a physician with an interest in this area. Appropriate investigations should be ordered. The physician should also undertake counseling about the short- and long-term sequelae of disordered eating.
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PMID:Hormonal and biochemical abnormalities in women suffering from eating disorders. 644 82


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