Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a double-blind study, 80 adult patients, undergoing tonsillectomy, were randomly allocated to one of the four groups: d-tubocurarine (d-Tc) 50 micrograms/kg+alfentanil (Alf) 20 micrograms/kg, d-Tc 50 micrograms/kg+Alf 50 micrograms/kg, Alf 10 micrograms/kg+Alf 20 micrograms/kg, Alf 10 micrograms/kg+Alf 50 micrograms/kg. The first drug was given 2 min before thiopental and the second drug 1 min before inserting the mouth gag. Intubation was facilitated with suxamethonium. Anaesthesia was maintained with 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen and peripheral muscle relaxation during operation with vecuronium. For analysis of the induction characteristics, both d-Tc-pretreatment groups were treated together and compared with the results of the Alf-pretreatment groups. Muscle fasciculations occurred in 20% in the d-Tc group and in 70% in the Alf group. Neither d-tubocurarine nor alfentanil prevented the cardiovascular intubation response. Cardiovascular responses to the placement of the mouth gag occurred only in the lower-dose alfentanil groups. ECG changes during operation occurred in 25-45% of the patients. The most common ECG change was junctional rhythm. The operating conditions were good in 65-80% of the patients. The mean recovery score (0-10) ranged from 9.3 to 9.7 between the groups. The incidence of nausea ranged from 20-30% and that of vomiting from 10-25% between the groups. Bleeding from the operation site occurred in 20-30% of the patients. None of the patients needed sutures to stop the bleeding.
 ...
PMID:Alfentanil as an adjuvant of balanced anaesthesia for tonsillectomy in adults. 288 23

The interest in mountain tracking and climbing has increased and there is a need for knowledge of altitude-related diseases. About one million non-acclimatized individuals annually frequent areas around 2,000 to 3,000 m above sea level and incur unpleasant symptoms in the form of acute altitude sickness or potentially fatal conditions such as pulmonary and/or cerebral oedema. Headache is the most prominent sign of acute altitude sickness but fainting fits, loss of appetite, hesitant gait, euphoria, or confusion also occur. Dyspnoea, cyanosis at rest, and a dry cough are signs of pulmonary oedema. Cerebral oedema may be feared when inexperienced climbers are afflicted by severe headaches, vomiting, and hesitant gait. Coma ensues relatively soon. Treatment consisting in descent to lower altitude, administration of oxygen, and possible medicinal therapy is effective if immediately introduced.
 ...
PMID:[Altitude sickness]. 291 57

Fifty ASA physical status class I or II patients undergoing outpatient D & C (dilatation and curettage of the uterus) were studied. Patients were divided into two groups in a random double-blind manner and given either a fentanyl bolus 0.7 microgram X kg-1 followed by continuous fentanyl infusion of 0-50 micrograms X min-1 or sufentanil bolus 0.1 microgram X kg-1 followed by continuous sufentanil infusion of 0-7 micrograms X min-1 as an adjuvant to thiopentone, nitrous oxide: oxygen anaesthesia. Patients were followed throughout the recovery process with respect to level of consciousness, nausea, vomiting, pain, and discharge time. Groups were equal with respect to awakening and discharge time. The incidence of nausea (p less than 0.05) and pain requiring analgesics (p less than 0.05) were less in the sufentanil group. It is concluded that the technique of continuous sufentanil infusion was superior to fentanyl in healthy outpatients undergoing D & C.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of continuous sufentanil and fentanyl infusions for outpatient anaesthesia. 295 1

Patients admitted for day-case laparoscopy were assigned randomly to receive nitrous oxide-oxygen or oxygen, with enflurane, during a standard anaesthetic technique. Postoperative morbidity, in particular nausea and vomiting, and ability to resume normal activity were assessed over the ensuing 48 h. Supplementary administration of propofol during the operative procedure was required significantly more often (P less than 0.05) in the absence of nitrous oxide. There was no significant difference in the incidence of vomiting before discharge when nitrous oxide was omitted. The incidence and severity of nausea over the 48 h following operation was similar in both groups. There was no difference in analgesic or anti-emetic requirements before discharge and the time taken to resume normal activity was similar. It is concluded that nitrous oxide may be avoided readily in day-case laparoscopy without affecting postoperative morbidity or time taken to return to "street fitness" and normal activity.
 ...
PMID:Nitrous oxide and day-case laparoscopy: effects on nausea, vomiting and return to normal activity. 296 12

Since transdermal scopolamine (TS) seems effective against seasickness, we compared its antiemetic effect with intravenous droperidol (DHBP), our routine antidote for postoperative emesis. Ninety-six female patients (ASA I-II) scheduled for short-stay surgery were randomly allocated to three study groups after giving their informed consent. The three groups were as follows: TS adhesive, delivering 140 micrograms initially and 5 micrograms/h thereafter + placebo 0.5 ml i.v. 5 min before the end of surgery; transdermal placebo adhesive preoperatively + DHBP 0.5 ml (1.25 mg) i.v. 5 min before the end of surgery; transdermal placebo + 0.5 ml placebo i.v. as indicated above. Oxycodone i.m. and glycopyrrolate i.v. were given for premedication together with the test adhesive. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopental and maintained with nitrous oxide and oxygen, enflurane, vecuronium and fentanyl. Neostigmine and glycopyrrolate were administered for reversal. In the recovery room no differences in nausea or vomiting were observed between the groups. Sedation was significantly more marked (P less than 0.15-0.0001) after DHBP than after either TS or the given DHBP and 6% of those given the placebo (P less than 0.05). During the following 24 h nausea was reported more by the placebo patients (25) than by those on TS (20) or DHBP (15) (P less than 0.05). However, actual vomiting on the ward did not differ between the groups. Visual disturbances were more frequent after TS (P less than 0.01). We conclude that prophylactic transdermal scopolamine does not diminish postoperative emetic sequelae.
 ...
PMID:Double-blind comparison of transdermal scopolamine, droperidol and placebo against postoperative nausea and vomiting. 305 39

Nitrous oxide/oxygen has long been the mixture of gases used in dental practice to produce light sedation. The main indication for use of nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation is fear-anxiety. The equipment used is a continuous flow machine with a fail safe system set at a minimum of 30 or 40 per cent oxygen. A standardized sedation technique starting with administration of 100 per cent oxygen, is recommended. The concentration of nitrous oxide is then slowly increased and individually set, mostly between 30 and 50 per cent. In most cases the analgesia produced by nitrous oxide is not sufficient to ensure pain-free dental treatment. The sedation must therefore be supplemented by local anaesthesia. Side effects, e.g. restlessness, vomiting, and nausea are infrequent. About 90 per cent patients, who have difficulty in co-operating during dental treatment, mainly because of anxiety, show excellent or fair co-operation during nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation. Occupational exposure to nitrous oxide can be minimized by the use of scavenging systems, local exhaust systems, careful sedation technique, and equipment management.
 ...
PMID:Sedation by the use of inhalation agents in dental care. 305 46

Forty-four patients presenting for evacuation of retained products of conception were anaesthetized with either fentanyl and thiopentone, or alfentanil with etomidate, along with 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen. There was no difference between the two techniques in indices of immediate recovery (time to opening eyes and obeying a simple command), but the rate of return of higher mental functions (assessed by a coin counting test) was significantly better using the alfentanil-etomidate technique. There was no statistically significant difference between the techniques for apnoea or abnormal movements during anaesthesia, but alfentanil with etomidate was associated with significantly more pain on injection and a higher frequency of postoperative vomiting (40%).
 ...
PMID:Anaesthesia for evacuation of retained products of conception. Comparison between alfentanil plus etomidate and fentanyl plus thiopentone. 310 63

Isoflurane and fentanyl have been compared as anaesthetic agents for outpatient laparoscopy. In 50 female patients anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and maintained with nitrous oxide 66% in oxygen combined with either isoflurane 1-2% or fentanyl 0.3 mg according to a randomized list. Suxamethonium was used to facilitate intubation and for further muscle relaxation. Immediate recovery from anaesthesia was assessed by eye opening and time before giving the date of birth. Additional observations made hourly for 4 h were: nausea or vomiting; clinical assessment of wakefulness; psychic or motor agitation; antiemetic or analgesic drugs given; reaction time; respiratory depression. Immediate recovery was more rapid in the fentanyl group (P less than 0.05). Reaction times in the isoflurane patients returned to control by 3 h, whereas the fentanyl patients were 10% slower than control at 4 h (P less than 0.05 at 2 h, 3 h, 4 h). Nausea and vomiting were more frequent in the fentanyl group, and four of the fentanyl patients required naloxone. Both anaesthetic techniques provided satisfactory operating conditions, but isoflurane appeared to provide a better recovery with less side effects than fentanyl.
 ...
PMID:Isoflurane v fentanyl for outpatient laparoscopy. 315 46

One-hundred and eighty patients undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy were anaesthetized in random order with isoflurane, enflurane or fentanyl in combination with nitrous oxide and oxygen. Incidence and severity of emetic sequelae (none, nausea, retching or vomiting) were studied during the first 24 h after the operation. Patients who received isoflurane had significantly (P less than 0.01) less emetic sequelae (27%) during the first 2 h in the recovery room compared with patients who received enflurane (45%) or fentanyl (48%). There was no difference between the groups in the overall incidence of emetic sequelae during the time period of 2-24 h post-operatively (isoflurane 65%, enflurane 77% and fentanyl 77%). Significantly (P less than 0.02) more patients had emetic sequelae if they had experienced nausea or had vomited after previous anaesthetics.
 ...
PMID:Nausea and vomiting after general anaesthesia with isoflurane, enflurane or fentanyl in combination with nitrous oxide and oxygen. 318 Nov 47

In an open, randomized study we have compared the safety and efficacy of propofol with thiamylal for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia supplemented by nitrous oxide in elective termination of pregnancy. Induction of anaesthesia was achieved with either propofol 2.5 mg kg-1 or thiamylal 4.0 mg kg-1 followed by maintenance with 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen and repeat boluses of 25% of the induction dose i.v. as indicated clinically. Both drugs induced and maintained anaesthesia reliably, with some minor differences. Recovery from propofol was significantly more rapid. The patients in the propofol group were alert and orientated early in the postoperative period, with less nausea or vomiting. Propofol has properties that are of particular benefit in anaesthesia for ambulatory surgery.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of propofol and thiamylal for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia for outpatient surgery. 326 9


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>