Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty patients with pathologically proved non-resectable bronchogenic carcinoma were treated with 100 aerosolized BCG (Tice strain) doses in addition to conventional treatment. The procedure is based on findings that, generally BCG must be closely associated with neoplastic cells to be effective as an immunotherapeutic agent. Bronchogenic malignancy, usually of mucosal origin, is logically treated in this manner. We report here the findings and developments of 10 patients who were treated at least five times each (for a total of 81 treatments) and pertinent experience relating to these and another 10 patients treated a total of 19 times. Local and systemic reactions were frequent and consisted of fever, cough, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and malaise. Four of the 20 patients (20%) had reactions with the first treatment; by the fourth treatment 6 of 6 (100%) were affected. Prednisone given prophylactically reduced the intensity and the frequency of reactions. There were no severe side effects, obvious BCG infections, or significant changes in pulmonary or liver functions or hematologic values. No patient acquired purified protein derivative sensitivity, although 3 persons converted other skin tests to positive. There was no improvement in actuarial survival time.
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PMID:Aerosolized BCG (Tice strain) treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma: phase I study. 16 70

Twenty-four patients with advanced cancer not reacting to conventional therapy were treated with 97 courses of i.v. MER (methanol extraction residue of BCG). MER was administered by i.v. infusion over a 4-h period, twice a week, in dosages varying from 0.05 mg to 1.25 mg. The skin reactivity to 5 recall antigens was evaluated in the patients. All patients except 4 were anergic. Twelve patients had no side-effects. Anergic patients had less side-effects than ergic patients. The side-effects recorded in the others were fever, chills, vomiting and tachycardia. The reaction subsided within 24 h after treatment and was tolerable for most patients. In 2 patients an objective improvement was observed. No changes in cutaneous reactivity, renal and hepatic functions were found. A significant increase in peripheral leucocyte count was noted in two patients and slight a increase in the remainder.
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PMID:A preliminary study of intravenous methanol extraction residue of BCG in treatment of advanced cancer. 33 70

We treated one hundred patients who had various high risk solid tumors (malignant melanomas, osteosarcomas and lung cancers) by immunostimulation alone or with a sequential and synchronized chemotherapy as a complement treatment. Institut Pasteur BCG (150 mg) was administered either by scarifications (10 X 10 of 5 cm each) or multiple puncture technique (Gun), or in the case of 12 patients, by intra-tumor injections. The following complications were observed: chills and high fever during 1 to 30 days after scarifications or gun technique. In some cases an allergic loco-regional cutaneous reaction was noted after the gun technique. Nevertheless these complications were well tolerated. However, severe reactions were observed after the intra-tumor injections: malaise, chills, sweating, hyperthermia, nausea, vomiting and changes in blood pressure. In 1 case a prolonged high fever (3 weeks) was offset only by the use of corticosteroids. In another case the patient developed hepatitis. A percutaneous liver biopsy revealed noncaseating granulomas and the presence of acid fast organisms in the liver (by means of staining by auramine and observation by fluorescence). In this patient BCG has been replaced by Corynebacterium parvum (2 X 2 mg a week). This type of adjuvant was used in 2 patients and produced the same complications as the BCG. We believe that caution must be exercised in the use of such intra-tumoral treatments. BCG must be given in the hospital and patients must receive antihistaminic preparation before and after immunostimulation.
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PMID:Complications of BCG treatment in patients bearing solid tumors. 60 45

From June 1975 to August 1977, 19 patients with distant metastases of malignant melanoma of the skin that were no longer responsive to chemotherapy were treated with BCG given intravenously. A single dose of lyophilized Pasteur BCG ranging from 2 X 10(7) to 3 X 10(8) viable units was given in 500 ml of saline infused in 5 to 6 h. Seven of the 16 evaluable patients benefited from treatment; 3 showed an objective regression of more than 50% of the original tumor volume, and 4 an arrest of tumor growth. The objective regressions lasted from 2 to 5 months, and 1 case had an arrest of tumor growth for 29 months. The regression rate was related to the BCG dosage: 2 X 10(8) viable units appears to be the dosage that gives severe but reversible toxicity and is able to induce objective regression. The most responsive lesions were skin and subcutaneous deposits (5 of 7) and lung metastases (1 of 4). Toxic effects seem to be related to the number of bacilli injected. In the group of 10 cases treated with less than 10(8) units, toxicity was modest: 4 patients had fever (up to 38.5 degrees C) that lasted a few days, and in 3 cases it was associated with shivering during the infusion period and weakness. One case only had vomiting and jaundice. Toxicity was severe in the 9 patients that were treated with a dosage higher than 10(8): patients had fever and weakness for at least 4 days and shivering during the infusion. Two had adrenal insufficiency and 7 had liver enlargement and jaundice with return to normality by day 21. In the whole series 8 patients had leucopenia and 5 thrombocytopenia for 2 to 3 days: only 1 patient required blood and platelet transfusion. No significant variations in immunoglobulin levels were observed. No variations of PPD or BCG skin tests were observed after treatment. Three patients expired; the first treated with 6 X 10(7) unit, had an intercurrent disease (autopsy showed a heart infarction); the second, treated with 1.8 X 10(8), showed a rapid growth of lung metastases and died 15 days after treatment; the death of the third patient was probably due to anaphylactic shock. All 3 patients had been previously treated with BCG, given by scarification or intranodular injection.
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PMID:Intravenous administration of BCG in advanced melanoma patients. 68 66

Twenty-two patients with cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma were treated with intralesional injections of the methanol extraction residue of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (MER). The local reaction consisted of erythema and pustule formation followed by ulceration and tumor necrosis. Side effects included fever, chills, headache and malaise in the majority of patients; nausea, vomiting, cyanosis and hypotension occurred infrequently. Hypersensitivity reactions were not observed. Temporary abnormalities in liver function were seen in 11 of 19 patients tested. Reversible lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia developed in 7 of 17 and 7 of 18 patients, respectively. Immune function, as measured by skin tests for delayed hypersensitivity and the in vitro response of isolated lymphocytes to mitogens and microbial antigens, was not influenced by treatment with MER. Transient increases were observed in total hemolytic complement, complement components and the reduction of nitroblue-tetrazolium by neutrophils. Eight of eighteen evaluable patients showed a complete disappearance of all injected lesions. We conclude that intratumoral injection of MER is effective treatment for cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma, with a complete response rate comparable to that observed after intralesional injection of BCG.
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PMID:Intralesional injection of the methanol extraction residue of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (MER) into cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma. 72 66

Immunotherapy of malignant melanoma with BCG may be divided into two basic groups: 1. treatment of minimum residual disease. 2. direct intralesional application of BCG. In 19 patients with a histologically confirmed malignant melanoma, direct intralesional application of BCG was used to treat relapsing patients. In 10 of the 19 patients (group A) the relapse was confined to the primary region without signs of distant dissemination. In the remaining 9 patients (group B) signs of the lesion were present prior to BCG application. Our clinical and cytological evaluation bore on local reactions, systemic side reactions and response of non-injected lesions. In patients without signs of distant dissemination, local regression, characterized by a flattening and disappearance of lenticular metastases with scar formation, was achieved in 8/10 patients, while in the noninjected lesions, regression was noted in only 4/10 patients. In 4 patients of group A complete remission lasting 4-6 months was achieved. In the group of patients with signs of distant dissemination, local regression was observed in 6/9, while noninjected lesion regressed in only 1/9. Systemic response to BCG was characterized by febrile reactions with, in the majority of the patients, nausea till vomiting, muscular pain, pain of joints. In the majority of the patients the reaction passed away within 24 hr. A pretreatment with antipyretic and antihistaminic drugs proved of great help. The effect of BCG on the subsequent fate and survival of the patients is not discussed.
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PMID:Intralesional BCG application in malignant melanoma. 79 45

The author relates her experience in Benin during a 3 and 1/2 year tenure as a nurse under the aegis of the German Development Agency. In Malanville, she was responsible for starting the operating room, caring for hygiene, sterility, and the related training of domestic staff. A septic and aseptic operating room was set up along with a storage room for instruments, a sterilization room, and a changing room. For the operating and surgical station, the following personnel were available: 2 nurses with 3 years of training, 1 nurse with 2 years of training, and 3 orderlies without training. A nurse with 3 years of training was assigned to the author to carry on the project after her departure. The standard of operating care was very low. It took a month to teach the staff what was not sterile. There was a even problem with putting on sterile gloves which required an exercise in patience. There were an average of 5 relatives per patient taking care of the patient and cooking. The undernutrition center for infants had 6 beds with 2 German nurses who administered Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), diphtheria, polio, and tetanus vaccinations. Their activity was strengthened by nutrition counselling and plans for underweight and malnourished children. Abrupt weaning that resulted in harmful diarrhea and vomiting was prevalent. Clinical signs of marasmus and kwashiorkor were frequent. In the middle of 1990, AIDS educators informed students of the public school as well as registered prostitutes about condom use. In the hospital, there were about 900 births per year, and women were asked to follow recommendations for prenatal care, especially to achieve anemia prevention by getting iron tablets. They were urged to deliver in the clinic, not at home assisted by untrained midwives. Oxytocin and syntometrin were available as was a hand-driven, vacuum evacuation pump. This experience made a lasting impression on the author who has resolved to go to another developing country to train traditional birth attendants in midwifery.
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PMID:[In Africa as a nurse]. 161 98

A seven-month-old girl was admitted to the Pediatrics Department of Mackay Memorial Hospital with the following symptoms and signs: (1) high fever for more than five days; (2) injection of bilateral conjunctiva; (3) bright red lips with strawberry tongue; (4) edematous change of palms and soles, followed by digit desquamation; (5) an ill-defined, erythematous plaque on the scar of the BCG. Kawasaki disease was diagnosed, and high dose aspirin (100 mg/kg/day) and intravenous gamma-globulin (IVIG) (400 mg/kg/day) were given for four days. The patient was afebrile on the second day after IVIG infusion, and was discharged six days after admission. A small single daily dose of aspirin (10 mg/kg/day) was given after the afebrile days. Unfortunately, vomiting and consciousness disturbance were noted one day after discharge. Laboratory data showed elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ammonia. Hypoglycemia and prolonged PT and PTT were also noted. Reye syndrome was suspected, and the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit for further management. A liver biopsy gave findings consistent with Reye syndrome. In spite of intensive treatment, the infant expired on the second day after admission. In a review of the literature, no correlation between these two syndromes was found. This rare case is presented to warn that Reye syndrome may follow Kawasaki disease when aspirin has been prescribed at a high dose.
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PMID:Kawasaki disease with Reye syndrome: report of one case. 162 54

Many drugs are applied in local treatment for skin malignant tumors. These drugs are living-BCG, OK-432, MY-1, WPG, interferon preparation (alpha, beta and gamma), TNF, IL-2, peplomycin, bleomycin and others. Some of them already have completed clinical trials and others are under clinical observation. In local administration of these drugs, skin lesions (malignant melanoma, CTL-mainly mycosis fungoides, carcinoma in situ and others) show good improvement. The effects were more observed in the tumors with diameters of 1 cm or less and appeared 3 to 10 injections in most cases. As complications, there are fever, general fatigue, vomiting, anorexia, leucopenia and others. Among them, the fever was most observed immediately after injections without any more severe complications. It may be concluded that treatment by intratumoral administration is useful for skin malignant tumors.
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PMID:[Clinical effects induced by intratumoral administration of anti-cancerous drugs in skin malignant tumors]. 246 39

Late Phase II clinical study with bropirimine (U-54461S), a novel oral antitumor agent that has interferon inducing and anti-proliferative activities, was conducted in patients with bladder CIS at 38 institutions nationwide. To investigate the efficacy and safety of the treatment, bropirimine was administered to the patients at the dose of 750 mg every two hours, three times a day, for three consecutive days with four-day drug withdrawal, based on the results of the preceding clinical studies up to early phase II. Among the 48 patients registered, 41 patients were evaluable for antitumor efficacy. Complete response (CR) was observed in 17 of them, no change (NC) in 18 patients, and progressive disease (PD) in 6 patients; so the efficacy rate was 41.5%. Classified by patient background, the efficacy rates were 58.3% (7/12) in patients with primary bladder CIS, 34.5% (10/29) in those with secondary bladder CIS, 45.5% (10/22) in those with Grade 3, and 23.8% (5/21) in those previously given chemotherapeutic agents or BCG by intravesical or other routes. Adverse drug reactions frequently observed were influenza-like symptoms such as fever and generalized malaise and gastrointestinal symptoms like anorexia and nausea/vomiting; these symptoms were all Grade 2 or milder. Abnormalities in laboratory tests, such as an elevation in GOT/GPT, neutropenia, and leukopenia were observed. These adverse effects were all tolerated by the patients. From the above results, bropirimine was considered to be a useful oral agent for the treatment of bladder CIS.
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PMID:[Bropirimine (U-54461S) late phase II clinical study for carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Japan Bropirimine Study Group]. 902 Sep 49


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