Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1 The hypothermia produced by intraventricular injections of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in unanaesthetized cats has been investigated. 2 TRH is more potent than either noradrenaline or calcium ions. It is estimated that the equi-potent molar ratio for TRH: noradrenaline:calcium is 1:900:27,000. 3 TRH injections is also produce profuse salivation, tachypnoea, cutaneous vasodilatation and frequently defaecation and vomiting. It is considered that the increased respiration is a major cause of the hypothermia. 4 Prior administration of phentolamine antagonized noradrenaline-induced hypothermia but did not affect hypothermia produced by TRH or calcium ions. Pretreatment with alpha-methyltyrosine did not affect the hypothermia induced by TRH, calcium ions or noradrenaline. 5 The calcium antagonists verapamil and xylocaine did not antagonize hypothermia induced by an injection of calcium ions. 6 The constituent amino acids of TRH did not produce hypothermia either individually or collectively. Thyroxine sodium produced a rise in temperature that was slow in onset, consistent with its known metabolic effects. TSH produced a small hypothermia unrelated to dose.
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PMID:A comparison between the hypothermia induced by intra-ventricular injections of thyrotropin releasing hormone, noradrenaline or calcium ions in unanaesthetized cats. 82 97

Four patients having high-level quadriplegia developed elevated serum calcium concentrations (11 to 15.8 mg/100 ml) within three months of injury. All were young males (ages 15 to 19 years) and quadriplegic (C4-C7). Presenting symptoms were nausea, vomiting, polydipsia, polyuria and lethargy. In two patients severe muscle wasting and cachexia with clinical symptoms developed and persisted for several months. Laboratory studies in all patients showed negative calcium balance with hypercalciuria. Reduced renal function was seen in all patients but returned to normal with return of normal serum calcium. Alkaline phosphatase level was normal in three and elevated in one. Serum parathormone levels were normal. Roentgenograms revealed diffuse demineralization. Nephrocalcinosis and soft tissue calcifications developed in one patient. Primary treatment included reduced calcium intake, correction of dehydration, sodium infusion and remobilization. Corticosteroids, oral phosphates, furosemide and mithramycin were used with varying success to control prologned symptoms and severe hypercalcemia.
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PMID:Immobilization hypercalcemia in spinal cord injury. 83 59

The pathology, particularly the ocular pathology, is described in a 42-year-old mildly retarded man with a history of vomiting in infancy. He had an elfin-like face. He died having a pancreatic carcinoma. At autopsy, a supravalvular aortic stenosis and a hypoplastic aorta found clinically were confirmed. Stainings for calcium were positive in the aortic wall, the kidneys, the adrenals and the spleen. In the eyes, calcium was found in the corneal epithelium and endothelium, in corneal keratocytes and stroma, in conjunctival epithelium and in the sclera. Electron microscopy of the eyes revealed that calcium was deposited as hydroxyapatite intracellularly in aggregations of needle-like crystals and extracellularly as spherules morphologically different from the intracellular deposits. Although the serum values of calcium in this patient were normal during his adult life, the histopathological examination indicates an earlier period of raised serum calcium. We find it probable that he had idiopathic hypercalcaemia in infancy, thereby connecting this infantile condition with the elfin face and supravalvular aortic stenosis. In similar cases, the use of the above-mentioned technique is recommended for revealing abnormal calcium storage post-mortem and in vivo (by conjunctival biopsy) in order to substantiate the diagnosis of hypercalcaemia.
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PMID:Ocular pathology in the elfin face syndrome (the Fanconi-Schlesinger type of idiopathic hypercalcaemia of infancy). Histochemical and ultrastructural study of a case. 95 67

Preliminary results of this retrospective-prospective analysis of renal hypertension in 110 children indicate that hypertension may be secondary to a wide variety of acute progresive, and chronic renal diseases which may be either congenital or acquired. Affected children may be detected at any time from infancy through adolescence. Symptoms usually associated with acute glomerulonephritis (i.e., headache, swelling, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fatigue, dizziness, and fever) occur in both acute and chronic renal diseases associated with hypertension. Headache and swelling are the most common symptoms in this series. Peripheral edema, rales, and increased heart size were found in between 10 and 25% of these children. Differential diagnosis may be approached by a consideration of causes of acute and chronic hypertension. The child with chronic renal disease usually presents with a long history of fatigability, poor growth, and pallor, and laboratory tests reveal elevation of the creatinine and BUN along with anemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia. In contrast, the child with acute renal disease and hypertension presents with a history of prior good health followed by the abrupt onset of signs and symptoms of renal disease; laboratory tests usually reveal modest elevations of creatinine and BUN, anemia is unusual, an abnormal urinalysis is common, and serum calcium and phosphorous levels are usually normal. Renovascular and asymmetric renal parenchymal disease represent uncommon but important conditions because surgery may be curative. Treatment may be surgical, medical, or combined. Surgical conditions include renal trauma, hydronephrosis, asymmetric renal disease, and renal arterial disease. Adequate blood pressure control without medication can be expected following surgery in instances of unilateral involvement with a normal contralateral kidney. Meticulous assessment of the contralateral kidney is needed to determine that it is normal. If surgery is unsuccessful or is not indicated, pharmacologic therapy is initiated with a stepwise regimen starting with the mildest agent (e.g., thiazides) and then adding additional antihypertensive drugs when adequate blood pressure control has not yet been achieved. The goal of therapy is the lowest, safest, tolerated blood pressure levels. Long-term, carefully designed studies of antihypertensive agents for children with renal hypertension are not available. The need for collection and critical analysis of data concerning the clinical course of children with renal hypertension is evident from a review of the literature and from the preliminary data presented in this series. The presentation of such information and a critique of outcome variables will provide a basis for program planning for affected children and improvement in patient care where indicated.
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PMID:Renal hypertension in children. 99 44

Profound hypercalcemia associated with immobilization is rare. Hypercalcemic crisis occurring as a result of immobilization in which there was not a coexisting, contributing medical condition has not, to our knowledge, been reported previously. Failure to consider hypercalcemia as the source of progressive anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and irritability resulted in a respiratory arrest and nearly fatal outcome in the case of a 13-year-old boy one month after a simple femoral fracture. Therapy consisting of the intravenous administration of fluids and corticosteroids was successful in lowering the serum calcium level until mobilization could be accomplished. Review of previously reported cases emphasizes the difficulty in recognition and diagnosis of this unusual condition. Surgeons treating patients with fractures should be aware of this complication and familiar with its appropriate therapy.
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PMID:Immobilization hypercalcemia crisis. 105 62

1. History is unreliable in assessing maternal drug habit. Morphine was detected in significant amounts in maternal and fetal urine regardless of whether the mother was on a methadone program or whether she denied any use of heroin during the last trimester of pregnancy. 2. Infants born to drug-addicted mothers were, in general, of birthweight normal and appropriate for gestational age (i.e., greater that 10th percentile). The infants born to mothers on a methadone clinic program had a higher birthweight compared to those whose mothers were not on any methadone program. 3. In order of frequency, the signs and symptoms of withdrawal were: central nervous system manifestations-fist sucking, irritability, tremors, sneezing, high-pitch cry, hypertonia; vasomotor in the form of stuffy nose; and gastrointestinal in the form of sweating, diarrhea, vomiting and yawning. Convulsions were not noted. No death occurred. 4. The severity of neonatal narcotic withdrawal did not correlate with the infant's gestational age, APGAR, sex or race; nor with maternal age, parity, duration of heroin addiction or duration of methadone intake. Also, it did not correlate with the total morphine level measured either in infant's or mother's urine or in cord blood. The serum levels of calcium and glucose were normal and identical in either mild or severe withdrawal. 5. The severity of neonatal withdrawal correlated significantly with the methadone dose per day of the mother (in initial, final or average dose). A maternal methadone dose of more than 20 mg per day was associated with a higher incidence of moderate to severe withdrawal in their babies. As a corollary, it was also noted that infants whose mothers were on a high methadone dose (i.e., greater than 20 mg per day) had a greater postnatal weight loss despite a significantly higher birthweight initially, and stayed in the hospital longer. 6. Finally, the modification of the environment to reduce external stimuli to the infant born to a drug-dependent mother, does not prevent or diminish the severity of neonatal narcotic withdrawal. Thus, there is no need to manage these infants in a special nursery.
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PMID:A study of factors that influence the severity of neonatal narcotic withdrawal. 116 62

A 33 year old man developed acute oliguric failure lasting 66 days, eight days after admission with multiple gun shot wounds. On day 99 after admission, serum calcium was elevated mildly at 2.54 mmol/l (normal range 2.1-2.5 mmol/l). Serum parathormone was undetectable. He was discharged soon afterwards. He presented again on day 164 with nausea, vomiting and blurred vision. Fundoscopy revealed an ischaemic retinopathy and extensive keratopathy. Serum calcium was 3.48 mmol/l and serum creatinine 262 umol/l (normal range 40-110 umol/l). Repeat parathormone was undetectable and there was no evidence of myeloma, sarcoidosis or malignancy. Following treatment with intravenous saline and frusemide, serum calcium fell to a nadir of 3.05 mmol/l. On day 168 an infusion of sodium clodronate 300 mg was given. Twenty-four hours later serum calcium was 2.65 mmol/l and 48 hours later calcium was 2.26 mmol/l. Normocalcaemia was maintained for 17 days and severe hypercalcaemia never recurred. This is the first report in which biphosphonates have been successfully used to treat hypercalcaemia following acute renal failure thus obviating the need for further dialysis.
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PMID:Severe hypercalcaemia four months after acute oliguric renal failure--successful treatment with intravenous clodronate. 138 45

In order to determine whether in routine preoperative laboratory testing of children abnormal results were reported which influenced the course of the anesthesia or of the operation, a retrospective survey of charts was carried out at the University Children's Hospital, Groningen. The patients involved were 143 low risk children, admitted for ENT surgery. The main outcome measures were abnormalities and perioperative complications. There were 1.4% laboratory abnormalities (including five children with a haemoglobin concentration less than 7.1 mmol/l, one with a calcium concentration less than 2.2 mmol/l, one with an albumin concentration less than 30 g/l), and seven complications (bradycardia during intubation, bronchial obstruction, bleeding, excessive vomiting (three times), and leakage of perilymphatic fluid). There were no correlations between the abnormal test results and the complications. Routine laboratory testing in children scheduled for surgery might be reduced to measurement of haemoglobin, especially in non-white children.
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PMID:[Limited value of routine preoperative laboratory studies in children]. 140 39

Forty-eight dogs were separated into four groups of six males and six females. Acrolein (0.1% aqueous) was administered in gelatin capsules to three of these groups at dosing levels of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.5 mg kg-1 day-1 based on results of a range-finding study. After 4 weeks, the high dose was increased to 2 mg kg-1 day-1. The fourth group received deionized water in the same number of gelatin capsules as the high-dose group. Dosing was 7 days per week for 53 weeks. Blood and biochemical measurements were made pretest and at 3-month intervals thereafter. At termination, all dogs were subjected to full necropsy and histological examination. The major test effect noted was frequent vomiting after dosing. This was observed to be dose-dependent and the frequency decreased with time, indicating an adaptive effect. One mid-dose female died during the test and was diagnosed as having died of severe bronchial pneumonia, probably a result of vomitus aspiration. Serum albumin, calcium and total protein values were depressed in high-dose animals throughout the study. Some variability in red blood cell parameters and coagulation times were noted but the significance of these effects was not obvious.
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PMID:One-year toxicity of orally administered acrolein to the beagle dog. 144 75

We have conducted a randomized crossover comparative trial of a single-dose course of disodium (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene) bisphosphonate pentahydrate (pamidronate) and plicamycin in 48 patients with a first occurrence of tumor-related hypercalcemia. All patients had hypercalcaemia-associated symptoms and serum-calcium levels (corrected for total protein) greater than or equal to 2.80 mmol/l. Pamidronate and plicamycin were given concurrently with rehydration immediately after diagnosis of hypercalcaemia was made. Both agents lowered serum calcium levels significantly within 1 week, with 88% of the evaluable patients in the pamidronate group and 45% of those in the plicamycin group achieving normocalcemia (p less than 0.01). In the patients who received pamidronate, the duration of normocalcemia was longer (p less than 0.05) and there was a significant decrease in serum creatinine (p less than 0.05). Vomiting occurred in 8 of 22 evaluable patients (36%) who received plicamycin, but in none of 25 evaluable patients who received pamidronate (P less than 0.01). Phlebitis occurred at the infusion site in more of the pamidronate-treated patients (P less than 0.05). Hypocalcemia, which occurred in 8 of 25 evaluable patients (32%) in the pamidronate group and in 1 of 22 of those (5%) in the plicamycin group, was either clinically asymptomatic or mild, except in one pamidronate-treated patient. Overall, pamidronate was found to be more effective and better tolerated than plicamycin, thereby confirming results of previous studies that showed pamidronate to be an effective, simple, and safe agent for the relief of the morbidity associated with tumor-related hypercalcemia.
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PMID:Plicamycin and pamidronate in symptomatic tumor-related hypercalcemia: a prospective randomized crossover trial. 145 38


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