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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The application of a body cast or the surgical correction of scoliosis is occasionally associated with acute obstructive vascular compression of the duodenum. The clinical and radiological manifestations observed in 10 such patients are described. All cases manifested abdominal distension and vomiting, while epigastric pain was present in 50%. Plain radiographs of the abdomen demonstrated duodenal distension with little gas in the remainder of the bowel in three cases. Barium studies in nine patients demonstrated an intact mucosal pattern and a duodenum dilated proximal to the site where the superior mesenteric vessels crossed it. All cases recovered with non-operative treatment which included nasogastric suction, intravenous fluids, change in position, particularly nursing in the prone position, and, occasionally, cast removal. The obstruction may sometimes persist or recur and then duodenojejunal side-to-side anastomosis is the surgical procedure of choice. The term "cast syndrome" is a misnomer as vascular compression of the duodenum may also occur in patients who are undergoing treatment for scoliosis without the use of a body cast.
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PMID:Radiological features of vascular compression of the duodenum occurring as a complication of the treatment of scoliosis (the cast syndrome). 62 5

A 6-year-old male Yorkshire Terrier had clinical signs including intermittent vomiting and diarrhea associated with abdominal distention. Contrast radiography disclosed dilatation and decreased motility of the small intestine, with dilution of barium. Hemograms, blood chemical profiles, and results of fecal examinations and urinalyses were normal. Obstruction was not found at exploratory laparotomy, but a dilated segment of mid-jejunum was biopsied. There was hypoplasia of the tunica muscularis of the jejunum, without fibrosis, inflammation, or myenteric plexus involvement. The diagnosis was idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstruction. Post-operative care consisted solely of feeding bland foods. Three months after surgery there was progressive deterioration and emaciation due to chronic intestinal malabsorption.
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PMID:Intestinal pseudoobstruction in a dog. 65 2

Prolapse of the gastric mucosa into the duodenum must be considered when a round soft tissue mass is seen in the right upper quadrant on scout abdominal film. Gastric prolapse may mimic tumor in the duodenum when the prolapse is large. Examination with barium meal is necessary to exclude prolapse of the gastric mucosa into the duodenum as a cause of epigastric pain and vomiting. Medical treatment is suggested for patients with mild symptoms, but patients with severe symptoms, repeated hemorrhage, anemia, severe intermittent epigastric pain and vomiting due to ball-valve syndrome should have operation.
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PMID:Duodenal pseudotumor with ball-valve syndrome. 72 37

1. The syndrome of reflux gastritis is produced by the actions of bile and upper intestinal and pancreatic secretions alone or in combination on an altered gastric mucosa. 2. The triad of epigastric pain unrelieved by antacids, bilious vomiting, and weight loss, particularly after a gastric operation should make one suspect this syndrome. Anemia due to loss of blood and dysphagia occur less frequently. 3. The definitive diagnosis is made by endoscopy. Barium studies are of less value. Acid secretory studies are not diagnostic and are of academic interest. 4. Medical treatment utilizes antacids and cholestyramine alone or together. Good, long-lasting results with these are infrequent. Despite these results, medical treatment should be tried first. 5. Surgical treatment consists of diversion of the biliary and upper intestinal secretions from the stomach and doing a vagotomy with or without a distal gastric resection to prevent a marginal ulcer from developing. 6. The two most popular operations are a Roux-en-Y diversion or interposed peristaltic jejunal limb. The simplicity of the former has made this more popular with most American surgeons. 7. The results of surgery are good to excellent in 75 to 95 per cent of cases. Relief of symptoms, improvement in histologic and secretory studies, and weight gain should be anticipated. 8. Less than optimal results are reported when the surgical diversion has not been total, gastric stasis persists, or other postgastrectomy sequelae accompany reflux gastritis.
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PMID:Postoperative alkaline reflux gastritis. 79 63

Volvulus of the sigmoid colon is a very uncommon cause of acute obstruction in children. Although common in adults in India, it was found to account for only 0.8 per cent of all acute obstructions in infants and children in this institution. It causes a proximal torsional obstruction of the colon with an acute onset of symptoms. The onset of volvulus is characterized by colicky pain over the left lower quadrant, vomiting, tenderness, and rigidity in te left lower quadrant. A scout film of the abdomen may be inconclusive, but a barium-enema examination is diagnostic. The number of cases reported is too small to allow conclusions about the best treatment for children who have sigmoidal volvulus.
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PMID:Sigmoidal volvulus in childhood: report of two cases. 83 63

Eleven children with the diagnosis of chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction are presented. Four children, all siblings of a symptomatic patient, were asymptomatic and were diagnosed radiographically. The clinical course was characterized by intermittent episodes of abdominal distention, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, and malnutrition. Radiographic studies were most helpful in making the diagnosis. Findings on upper gastrointestinal series included abnormal esophageal motility, delayed gastric emptying, dilated loops of small bowel, and disorganized transit of barium. Half of the patients had abnormal evacuation patterns on barium enema. Manometric studies of esophageal motility were abnormal in seven of ten children. In those patients studied, small bowel and rectal biopsies contained ganglion cells. Treatment was directed at relieving symptoms, which in four patients became persistent and required total parenteral nutrition. CIIPS carries a poor long-term prognosis in children.
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PMID:Chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome in children--clinical characteristics and prognosis. 83 71

Five cases of malignant duodenocolic fistula seen at the Massachusetts General Hospital in the past thirty years are reviewed. Rarely encountered, these lesions are characterized by diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain, anemia, and sometimes feculent vomiting. Barium enemas are more likely to demonstrate the fistula tract than upper gastrointestinal series. Nutritional deficiencies may be profound, and the use of preoperative hyperalimentation is encouraged. Operations that accomplish only bypass of the fistula are of minimal palliative value, and the fistula should be divided or resected if possible. When feasible, wide resection is the procedure of choice, and a fourteen year survival is reported after this operation.
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PMID:Malignant duodenocolic fistulas. 86 13

Nonischemic intussusception is defined as a variant of acute intussusception exhibiting less acute symptoms of abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea in the older child, longer duration of symptoms (usually 4-14 days), signs of imcomplete bowel obstruction, and absence of intestinal ischemia. Over a 10 yr period (1964-1973) 20 children with this disease were treated without mortality or recurrence at three children's hospitals in Chicago, Illinois. The higher incidence of diarrhea, the lower incidence of a palpable abdominal mass, and the lower incidence of blood per rectum in nonischemic intussusception predispose to diagnostic errors and delays in treatment. Despite the longer duration of symptoms, this variant of intussusception can be treated initially with a careful attempt at barium hydrostatic reduction. If this fails, easy operative manual reduction is the rule.
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PMID:Nonischemic intussusception. 89 56

A review of the literature and report of a case of benign gastrocolic fistula indicate that epigastric pain is the most frequent early symptom. Later, the predominant symptoms are diarrhea, weight loss and feculent vomiting. Patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and taking steroids appear to be particularly at risk of developing a gastrocolic fistula. Barium enema is the most reliable method of demonstrating the fistula. Preferred management is a one-stage gastrocolic resection and primary anastomosis.
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PMID:Gastrocolic fistula complicating benign gastric ulcer: case report and review of literature. 111 58

A 1011/12-year-old boy with chronic ileocolic intussusception associated with ileocecal lymphosarcoma was decribed. The patient had abdominal pain of 3 months' duration, vomiting, and a firm mass with smooth surface in the right lower abdomen. Barium enema showed intussusception at the distal part of the ascending colon, which was irreducible by hydrostatic pressure. Barium by mouth revealed markedly distended small intestines, which were displaced to the left abdomen. The tumor was inoperable, and the boy died.
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PMID:Chronic intussusception associated with ileocecal lymphosarcoma. 124 86


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