Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two patients suffering from eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) were treated with sodium cromoglycate (SCG). Before treatment they showed enteric and cutaneous symptoms, such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and recurrent urticaria and angioedema. The histological findings were a notable amount of eosinophilic infiltration in the lamina propria and gastric glands, a villous shortening and thickening and weak eosinophilic inflammation in the duodenum. The patients were treated with 300 mg SCG, 4 times daily, for 4/5 months. During treatment, the clinical symptoms disappeared and at the end of treatment a reduced inflammation with an almost complete decrease of eosinophilic infiltration was observed. The results provide evidence of SCG efficacy in the treatment of EG and suggest its employment as an alternative to the steroids commonly used in EG.
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PMID:Sodium cromoglycate in the treatment of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. 210 47

A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of oral cromolyn sodium (200 mg orally four times per day) was conducted in 11 patients with systemic mastocytosis who had been maintained with the drug on an individualized compassionate-need basis. Efficacy was measured by physician assessment of overall disease severity based on history and physical examination at specified intervals and by the average daily patient symptom diary scores for each of three mastocytosis-related symptoms that had previously appeared to be alleviated by the use of this drug. Efficacy variables were compared for a 4-week baseline period, during which patients received open-labeled cromolyn sodium, and at 4-week intervals during a 16-week period of random assignment to cromolyn sodium or placebo. Overall disease severity and symptoms recorded in patient diaries were graded on a scale of 0 (absent) to 5 (incapacitating). The average physician assessment of disease severity and symptom scores of the patients in the placebo-treated group increased significantly during the randomization phase relative to patients in the cromolyn sodium-treated group, reflecting an exacerbation of symptoms with drug withdrawal (p less than 0.05 and less than 0.028, respectively). When the symptom scores were analyzed separately for gastrointestinal manifestations of disease (diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting), cromolyn sodium treatment was significantly beneficial relative to placebo (p less than 0.02), whereas the benefit for nongastrointestinal manifestations did not reach statistical significance.
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PMID:Cromolyn sodium in the management of systemic mastocytosis. 211 Jan 98

The present field trial attempts to test the efficacy of niclosamide by a modified chemotherapeutic schedule to collect the purged stool samples consecutively to search expelled worms. Nineteen patients with taeniasis were given 1 gm of niclosmaide with 3 gm sodium bicarbonate twice at 30-minute interval, then purgative was administered. The patients were allowed only fluid meal or fruit juice before treatment. In all, 33 worms (11 with scolex, 22 without), 17 strobilae and 247 segments were collected from consecutive purged stools. The scolex recovery rate was 33%. After taking the purgative, 5 female patients showed side-reactions (nausea, vomiting and dizziness) which were mild and transient. Two months after the treatment, 14 patients were still passing strobilae and/or proglottides in the stools but 5 were not. Four months after the treatment, only 3 cases were still passing strobilae and/or segments in the stools showing a cure rate of 84.2%. The results indicate that niclosamide is a good taenicide but with a slow effect.
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PMID:Efficacy of niclosamide against aboriginal taeniasis in Taiwan. 216 71

120 cases of class IC antiarrhythmic overdose, including propafenone, flecainide, ajmaline and prajmaline overdose, were evaluated with respect to clinical course, therapy and outcome. Whereas drug overdose in general has an overall mortality of less than 1%, intoxication with antiarrhythmic drugs of class IC was associated with a mean mortality of 22.5%. Nausea, which occurred within the first 30 minutes after ingestion, was the earliest symptom. Spontaneous vomiting probably led to self-detoxication in about half the patients. Cardiac symptoms including bradycardia and, less frequently, tachyrhythmia occurred after about 30 minutes to 2 hours. Therapeutic measures included administration of activated charcoal, gastric lavage and a saline laxative, catecholamines, and in some patients, hypertonic sodium bicarbonate, insertion of a transvenous pacemaker and hemoperfusion. Fatal outcome was mainly due to cardiac conduction disturbances progressing to electromechanical dissociation or asystolia. Resuscitation, which had to be performed in 29 patients, was successful in only two of them. No correlation was found between fatal outcome, the type of antiarrhythmic, and ingested dose. Since a specific treatment is not available and resuscitive procedures including sodium bicarbonate and insertion of a pacemaker are of limited therapeutic value, early diagnosis and primary detoxification are most important for prevention of fatal outcome.
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PMID:Clinical course and outcome in class IC antiarrhythmic overdose. 217

The term "microvesicular steatosis of the liver" refers to a variant form of hepatic fat accumulation whose histologic features contrast with the much more common macrovesicular steatosis. Microvesicular steatosis of the liver was originally described in association with conditions who share a number of biochemical and a limited number of clinical features: acute fatty liver of pregnancy, Reye's syndrome, Jamaican vomiting sickness, sodium valproate toxicity, high-dose tetracycline toxicity and certain congenital defects of urea cycle enzymes; they were thought to constitute an entity of "microvesicular fat diseases". In recent years the disease has been described in a wide variety of conditions: alcoholism, toxicity of several medications, delta hepatitis in South America and Central Africa, sudden childhood death, congenital defects of fatty acid beta oxidation, cholesterol ester storage disease, Wolman disease and Alpers syndrome. Not much is known regarding the pathogenesis of microvesicular steatosis but in many instances the primary defect could be a mitochondrial lesion, and inhibition of the mitochondrial beta oxidation of fatty acids has been the most frequently implicated defect. The different conditions associated with microvesicular steatosis are heterogenous in many aspects. Maintaining the concept of "microvesicular fat diseases" as a unique entity seems no longer justified.
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PMID:Microvesicular steatosis of the liver. 217

Propionic acidemia is a rare hereditary disease which is an autosomal recessive disorder. Defect of propionyl CoA carboxylase results in abnormal accumulation of propionate and its metabolites which interfere the pathway of glycine cleavage and the urea cycle. This organic acidemia is characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical and biochemical findings, including recurrent vomiting, difficult feeding, lethargy, hypotonia, metabolic ketoacidosis, hyperglycinemia and hyperammonemia during the acute episodes. We present a male newborn infant who sustained this disorder and was managed successfully with blood exchange transfusion, peritoneal dialysis, supplemented with sodium benzoate and sodium bicarbonate therapy. Urine gas chromatography disclosed significant elevation of propionate and its metabolites which subsided 2 days after peritoneal dialysis. Special designed formula was then given with restriction of protein intake and supplement with sodium benzoate and sodium carbonate. Prenatal genetic counseling is necessary in further pregnancy. Diagnosis can be obtained when propionyl CoA carboxylase activity is low in cultured amniotic fluid cells or chorion villi sample or when there is abnormally high methylcitrate level in amniotic fluid.
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PMID:[Propionic acidemia: report of a case that is successfully managed by peritoneal dialysis and sodium benzoate therapy]. 217 70

Meglumine sodium diatrizoate (Urografin), iopamidol, and iohexol were compared in a double-blind, randomized study of 287 patients undergoing elective cardiac angiography. Ninety-six patients received Urografin, 98 received iopamidol, and 92 received iohexol. The groups were similar in all respects. Variables measured before and after contrast injection were left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), RR, PR, and QTc intervals, QRS duration, ST segment change greater than 2 mm, arrhythmias, and symptoms. The adequacy of coronary and ventricular opacification was assessed by two experienced observers. Following left ventriculography, small rises in LVEDP occurred with iopamidol and iohexol (mean +/- SD: 18 +/- 7 to 21 +/- 7 mmHg) and a moderate fall in LVSP with Urografin (150 +/- 32 to 133 +/- 32 mmHg). Following coronary angiography there was a progressive fall in SAP (130 +/- 26 to 117 +/- 30 mmHg) and prolongation of RR intervals (900 +/- 138 to 1,266 +/- 692 msec) and QTc (440 +/- 61 to 471 +/- 73 msec) and QRS duration (87 +/- 25 to 100 +/- 27 msec) with Urografin. There was a small fall in SAP with iopamidol (138 +/- 25 to 128 +/- 27 mmHg) and prolongation of QRS duration with iohexol (85 +/- 29 to 90 +/- 24 msec). Other parameters were not significantly affected. Frequent bradyarrhythmias (sinus pause 14.5%, asystole 6%) and ST segment depression occurred following Urografin. Urografin was less well tolerated, with 10% of patients experiencing severe nausea or vomiting and 30% of patients experiencing extreme heat sensation. Differences between iohexol and iopamidol were minor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Comparison of meglumine sodium diatrizoate, iopamidol, and iohexol for coronary angiography and ventriculography. 218 May 77

We report a 17-year-old female case of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency who died of brain edema due to hyperammonemic attack. The patient had a brother with OTC deficiency who had died of hyperammonemia at 17 years of age. She firstly had a symptom of headache, nausea, vomiting and myalgia at 14 years old and twice thereafter. On admission she had a severe disorientation and vomiting. The plasma ammonia level was 89 micrograms/dl, then increased to 400 micrograms/dl in five hours. In addition to plasma exchange, hemodialysis and then peritoneal dialysis for next 5 days, parenteral sodium benzoate and arginine were administered. Although the plasma ammonia level improved gradually, her consciousness never returned and she died of severe brain edema with uncontrollable hypotension on day 8. Histology of a necropsy liver sample showed fatty metamorphosis of hepatocytes mainly with fine lipid droplets. Electron micrograph of hepatocytes showed crystalloid inclusions in mitochondria. Significance of the clinical course and the treatment during hyperammonemic crisis was discussed.
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PMID:[Abrupt onset and rapid deterioration in the course of congenital ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: a case report]. 221 May 91

A total of 186 infants, suffering from acute diarrhea were studied and divided into two groups: 84 children were placed in group A and given the ORS recommended by the World Health Organization which contains sodium and glucose at concentrations of 60 and 90 mmol/L respectively and an osmolality of 311 mOsm/kg (mmol/kg) (ORS-90). Group B included 82 children who received an ORS containing sodium and glucose at concentrations of 60 and 90 mmol/L respectively and with an osmolality of 240 mOsm/kg (mmol/kg) (ORS-60). Seven belonging to group A (8.3%) required intravenous rehydration due to the severity of the diarrhea (three cases), persistent vomiting (three cases) and paralytic ileus (one case), while only two cases belonging to group B (2.5%) required intravenous rehydration due to severe losses through feces (one case) and another due to paralytic ileus (one case). No differences were observed due to the variations in sodium concentrations among either of the groups of patients, whether that be in the natremias when admitted or once rehydrated, with a general tendency towards the correction of the hypernatremia or hyponatremia seen during admittance with both types of ORS. A similar situation was observed with the variations in serum potassium. The results obtained from this study show the different advantages of using an ORS with lesser sodium and glucose concentrations as well as minor osmolality with those from using the solution recommended by the World Health Organization, when a lesser index of failures is observed in the treatment of children with acute diarrhea with oral rehydration therapy. Yet before widely recommending its' use, it should be demonstrated that the new ORS induces lesser losses through feces during the rehydrating period in children dehydrated due to acute diarrhea.
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PMID:[Comparative study of 2 oral rehydration solutions containing 60 or 90 mmol/L of sodium and with different osmolalities]. 227 Nov 25

A total of 186 infants suffering from dehydration due to acute diarrhea were studied and divided into two groups: 84 children were placed in group A and received the oral rehydration solution (ORS) recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), know as ORS-90 and those placed in group B were given an ORS with 60 and 90 mmol/L of sodium and glucose, respectively, with an osmolality of 240 mOsm/kg (ORS-60). Seven patients from group A (8.3%) and two from group B (2.5%) could not be orally rehydrated and required intravenous rehydration. The children were divided according to their weight for their age into eutrophics, grade I malnutrition (10 to 25% deficit), grade II (26 to 40% deficit) and grade III (more than 40% deficit). In those patients who evolved favorably, the average rehydration time was 4.5 to 5.3 hours, independently from their nutritional state. In the same way, no important variations were seen in the average sodium and potassium serum levels once the dehydration was corrected, in either of the groups. Yet, both groups showed a persistence in hypokalemia and hyperkalemia seen when admitted, once the dehydration was corrected, demonstrating that the short time needed for the correction of the dehydration was insufficient to completely corrected the changes in serum potassium. Closer studies must be conducted on the hydric balance to adequately demonstrate if the new ORS-60 induces lesser losses through vomiting and feces when compared to the ORS-90 recommended by the WHO.
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PMID:[Oral rehydration solutions with 60 or 90 nmol/L of sodium for infants with acute diarrhea in accord with their nutritional status]. 228 64


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