Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aluminium phosphide is a solid fumigant pesticide widely used in the Indian subcontinent as a grain preservative. Over the last 5 years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of cases of aluminium phosphide poisoning in India. Ninety-two patients with aluminium phosphide poisoning due to ingestion were studied over a period of 3 years. Abdominal pain, vomiting and restlessness were the common initial features followed by alteration in sensorium and shock unresponsive to conventional treatment. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were very common and highly variable. Routine serum biochemistry was usually unremarkable. Severe metabolic acidosis was common and mortality high (49%). The survivors recover completely without any residual organ damage. There is no known antidote.
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PMID:Aluminium phosphide poisoning. 144 Aug 81

Ninety patients with aluminum phosphide poisoning have been studied over a period of 3 years. Epigastric pain and vomiting were the common initial clinical features, followed 12 to 24 hours later by cardiogenic shock, oliguria, altered mental state and respiratory distress. Death occurred within 24 to 72 hours presumably due to poison-induced toxic chemical myocarditis as reflected by electrocardiographic changes. The overall mortality was 63.3%. Intravenous magnesium sulphate, probably due to its membrane stabilizing action, appears to be related to the reduction in mortality from 90% to 52% in the latter 62 cases.
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PMID:A study of aluminum phosphide (AlP) poisoning with special reference to electrocardiographic changes. 166 52

It is very common for intraarterial infusion therapy of some anticancer agent to be effective against hepatocellular carcinoma. In this case, the patient was a 74-year-old man who suffered from very advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus of the intrahepatic portal vein and IVC. He was treated with intraarterial infusion of CDDP, Etoposide, 5-FU, through a catheter placed in the proper hepatic artery. CDDP (30 mg/day) and Etoposide (60 mg/day) were given once every 5 days, and then 5-FU(250 mg/day) was infused daily for 26 days. The patient underwent this protocol study twice in 3 months. After the intraarterial infusion, transarterial embolization using CDDP (100 mg) powder added to lipiodol and aluminum stearate as suspension was done a month later. The tumor regression rate was 84% after intraarterial infusion of CDDP, Etoposide and 5-FU. The tumor thrombus in the intrahepatic portal vein and IVC had completely disappeared. We could not find lipiodol accumulated in the tumor after TAE. Thus, we assumed that the remaining tumor was a necrotic scar and that a complete response was obtained in the patient. There were some side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, pancytopenia and gastritis but no severe complication occurred.
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PMID:[A case of hepatocellular carcinoma effectively treated by intraarterial infusion of CDDP and other agents]. 255 Dec 53

Using a blinded crossover design, we tested the hypothesis that changing the needle on the syringe after drawing up diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine and before injecting it reduces local complications by eliminating deposition of aluminum phosphate adjuvant in the subcutaneous track of the needle. Two hundred twenty-three children (52.7%) received a two-needle vaccination while 200 (47.3%) received a one-needle vaccination. Three hundred forty-six parents (81.8%) returned a questionnaire reporting their child's reaction within 48 hours of injection. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of redness, swelling, tenderness, or limp or in parental measurements of redness and swelling between the one- and two-needle groups. Moreover, we found no differences in the frequency of systemic side effects, including fever, vomiting, anorexia, and crying. These results do not support the practice of changing needles to reduce diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine reactions.
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PMID:Evaluation of the two-needle strategy for reducing reactions to DPT vaccination. 295 58

Clinical and immunologic responses of sheep to vaccination and subsequent bluetongue virus (BTV) challenge exposure were studied and compared with those of non-vaccinated sheep. Sheep were vaccinated with inactivated BTV administered with aluminum hydroxide and cimetidine or levamisole. After sheep were vaccinated, precipitating group-specific antibodies to BTV were detected, but serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies were not detected. Cellular immune responses (lymphocyte blastogenesis) to BTV were not detected. After virulent BTV challenge exposure, vaccinated and nonvaccinated sheep developed acute clinical disease of similar severity. Clinical signs included hyperemia and petechiae of oral mucosa and coronary bands of the feet, excess salivation, nasal discharge with crusting, ulceration of the muzzle, and edema of lips and intermandibular space. Marked increases in serum creatine kinase activity were associated with stiff gait, reluctance to move, and vomiting. Fever and leukopenia were detected in most of the challenge-exposed sheep. Viremia and neutralizing antibodies were detected in vaccinated and nonvaccinated sheep after challenge exposure. Bluetongue virus-specific reaginic antibodies were not detected in sera from any of the sheep when the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test was used.
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PMID:Experimental bluetongue virus infection of sheep; effect of previous vaccination: clinical and immunologic studies. 301 26

Sixteen patients suffering from aluminium phosphide poisoning were treated during the year from January 1985 to December 1985. These accounted for approximately half the total number of cases of acute poisoning. Profuse vomiting, pain in the upper abdomen and shock were the most common presenting features. Six patients succumbed to their illness. Analysis of various prognostic factors revealed that ingestion of 'unexposed' tablets of aluminium phosphide taken from a freshly opened bottle was associated with a greater risk of fatal outcome. Aluminium phosphide poisoning has become an important matter of public health in parts of India.
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PMID:Aluminium phosphide poisoning: a prospective study of 16 cases in one year. 365 48

A number of factors affect the concentration and distribution of magnesium in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Poor nutritional intake, impaired absorption from the intestine, vomiting, diarrhea, the use of diuretics and acidosis may result in a negative balance. More commonly, accumulation of magnesium may be the consequence of reduced renal excretion. Magnesium concentrations are increased in serum and red cells in CRF patients. Bone concentrations and total body magnesium also appear to be increased; muscle magnesium does not appear to be increased. Use of magnesium hydroxide-containing antacids as phosphate binders in patients with CRF was largely discontinued 2 decades ago after reports described increases in serum magnesium concentrations to toxic levels. More recently, the undesirable effects of aluminum-containing phosphate binders (encephalopathy, osteomalacia) have led several investigators to report favorable experiences using low concentrations of magnesium in dialysate and a combination of magnesium and aluminum-containing antacids, as phosphate binders, while closely monitoring serum magnesium concentrations.
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PMID:Chronic renal failure and magnesium metabolism. 380 22

Sixteen patients with clinical features of postoperative gastritis who had been advised to have a Roux-en-Y diversion were studied prospectively. Studies were done pre- and postoperatively (mean follow-up, 4.9 years; range, 3.8 to 6.9), and the findings were compared with those in 11 control subjects with previous enterogastric anastomosis but with no symptoms. The patients had higher concentrations of bile acids and trypsin in gastric samples than did controls. Patients had greater endoscopic changes, although mucosal histologic characteristics were similar in both groups. Administration of aluminum hydroxide or cholestyramine reduced the aqueous concentrations of bile acids in gastric contents. Roux-en-Y diversion virtually eliminated duodenogastric reflux, and gastroscopic appearances returned to normal. However, Roux-en-Y diversion did not change mucosal histologic characteristics. Symptom scores were reduced in the early postoperative period, but bilious vomiting was the only symptom alleviated consistently and permanently. As a treatment for postoperative gastritis, Roux-en-Y diversion offers potential but limited benefits.
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PMID:Postoperative reflux gastritis: pathophysiology and long-term outcome after Roux-en-Y diversion. 401 99

Each of 16 Bolivian-phenotype squirrel monkeys of mixed sex had a machine bolt mounted on the skull with acrylic cement; 13 were provided with temporary plaster body casts allowing free movement. With eyes open, all were rotated in the horizontal plane at 30 rpm every other day until vomiting occurred or for a maximum duration of 120 min/spin. Latencies for motion-sickness signs were recorded under three experimental conditions: free movement, torso fixed to an aluminum frame and both torso and head restrained by bolting to the frame. Subsequently, 10 monkeys from this sample were rotated while blindfolded with head and torso immobilized. Results partially confirmed human and animal findings reported by others: reduced mobility was accompanied by a reduction in the incidence and an increase in the latency of motion sickness. The importance of optokinetic input for the generation of motion sickness in this species was clear.
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PMID:Effects of head and body restraint on experimental motion-induced sickness in squirrel monkeys. 407 59

In this study of 20 patients in the 13th-17th week of pregnancy abortion was induced with intrauterine, extraamniotic application of prostaglandins (PG) E2 or F2 in gel form. The gel composition was as follows: 4% tylose MH 300, 2% glycerine, 1% chlorhexidine digluconate, 83% sterile distilled water and 10% PG stock solution. Both PGE2 and PGF2 gels were used. Final concentration was 2.5 mg E2 or 2.5 mg F2 per g of gel. Gel was applied via transcervical, extraamniotic polyethylene catheter every 2-3 hours. Results: PGE2-gel was used in 14 cases. After 3-4 applications both fetus and placenta were expelled. Average dose used was 4.6 mg E2/patient. First contractions started in 30 minutes; induction to expulsion time was 11 hours 35 minutes. F2-gel given to 6 patients resulted in expulsion of the fetus in all cases but placenta needed removal by curettage in 4 patients. Average dose per patient was 17.7 mg of F2; first contractions in 30 minutes, average expulsion time 17 hours 38 minutes. With both PGs there were painful contractions which were controlled with a combination of pentazocine and Valium. PGE2 caused vomiting in 5 patients. No increased bleeding or postabortion infection occurred. Follow-up curettage was done in all patients to ensure removal of all tissues. Overall evaluation of the PG-gels was considered good. PG stability in gel form is good; during 8 months of preservation in sterile aluminum tubes at -25 degrees Celsius no decline in clinical effectiveness was noted. The gel application is less expensive than the slow-injection pump method.
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PMID:[Induced abortion using prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha gel]. 447 6


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