Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Norovirus (NoV) is responsible for outbreaks and sporadic cases of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. The virus consists of small round particles containing a single-stranded RNA genome that is divided into three Open Reading Frames. NoV evolves via mechanisms of antigenic drift and recombination, which lead to the emergence of new strains that are capable of causing global epidemics. Recombination usually occurs in the ORF1/ORF2 overlapping region and generates strains with different genotypes in the polymerase and capsid region. The primary objective of this study was to analyze recombination in positive-NoV samples. Specimens were collected during 2011, 2012 and 2014, from children under two years of age presenting gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea. The partial polymerase (B region), capsid (D region) genes and the ORF1-ORF2 overlap regions were sequenced in each sample. The recombinant analyses were performed in the Simplot software v.3.5.1 and RDP4 Beta v. 4.6 program. These analyses showed that GII.Pg/GII.1, GII.P7/GII.6, and GII.P22/GII.5 were recombinant strains. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the GII.P22/GII.5 and GII.Pg/GII.1 strains were described in South America and the GII.P7/GII.6 was detected in Northern of Brazil.
...
PMID:Analysis of uncommon norovirus recombinants from Manaus, Amazon region, Brazil: GII.P22/GII.5, GII.P7/GII.6 and GII.Pg/GII.1. 2686 19

In May 2016 a Norovirus (NoV) gastroenteritis outbreak involved a high school class visiting a seaside resort near Taormina (Mascali, Sicily). Twenty-four students and a teacher were affected and 17 of them showed symptoms on the second day of the journey, while the others got ill within the following 2 days. Symptoms included vomiting, diarrhoea and fever, and 12 students required hospitalisation. Stool samples tested positive for NoV genome by Real-Time polymerase chain reaction assay in all 25 symptomatic subjects. The GII.P2/GII.2 NoV genotype was linked to the outbreak by ORF1/ORF2 sequence analysis. The epidemiological features of the outbreak were consistent with food/waterborne followed by person-to-person and/or vomit transmission. Food consumed at a shared lunch on the first day of the trip was associated to illness and drinking un-bottled tap water was also considered as a risk factor. The analysis of water samples revealed the presence of bacterial indicators of faecal contamination in the water used in the resort as well as in other areas of the municipal water network, linking the NoV gastroenteritis outbreak to tap water pollution from sewage leakage. From a single water sample, an amplicon whose sequence corresponded to the capsid genotype recovered from patients could be obtained.
 ...
PMID:Waterborne Norovirus outbreak at a seaside resort likely originating from municipal water distribution system failure. 2963 76

On 31 March 2019, 68 school students suffered from vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain after participating in a group activity at a commercial park. In this outbreak, multiple norovirus genotypes were observed, including GII.2[P16], GII.17[P17], and GII.13[P21]. Further, we determined the full-genome sequences of two strains of GII.13[P21] recombinant noroviruses, which were 7434 nt long. Phylogenetic analysis based on open reading frames (ORFs) 1 and 2 revealed that these recombinants were related to stains of different genotypes from different countries. The full genome nucleotide sequences of the two isolates were 97.0% and 98.0% identical to those of strains from London and Thailand, respectively. Simplot analysis revealed the presence of a break point at nt 5059 in the ORF1 region. The histo-blood group antigen binding sites were conserved in both recombinant viruses. Our findings not only provide valuable genetic information about a recombinant norovirus but also contribute to our general understanding of the evolution, genetic diversity, and distribution of noroviruses.
 ...
PMID:Full-genome sequences of GII.13[P21] recombinant norovirus strains from an outbreak in Changsha, China. 3235 88