Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of Gadolinium-DTPA as a paramagnetic contrast agent in MRI with adults and juveniles concerning brain and spinal cord pathology is well proven since years. Tolerance and safety were excellent. In the FRG it is only introduced for children over two years of age. Therefore this report deals with the experience in four infants and small children under the age of two, who received gadolinium-DTPA for diagnostic purposes in pre- or post-operative circumstances. They all were suffering from neurological tumors and got additional diagnostic information in three cases. Clinical side-effects like urticaria, vomiting or convulsions had not been observed nor had pathologic changes of the biochemical parameters been noticed.
 ...
PMID:[Initial experiences with the use of gadolinium DTPA in infants and children under 2 years of age]. 191 97

Central neurocytoma is a rare intraventricular tumor recently accepted as a clinicopathological entity. A 21-year-old female was admitted with three-year history of episodic headaches and vomiting, and with rapid deterioration of her left vision over two weeks prior to admission. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a marked hydrocephalus and an isodense, mildly enhancing mass in the left lateral ventricle. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, T1-weighted images revealed an intraventricular mass of slightly high intensity signal, which contained areas of low intensity signal representing multiple intratumoral cysts. The tumor showed a minimal enhancement with Gd-DTPA. A diagnosis of central neurocytoma was confirmed by an electron-microscopic study of a surgical specimen; there were numerous neuronal cell processes containing microtubules and dense-core vesicles, and a few small intercellular junctions were also identified.
 ...
PMID:Central neurocytoma: report of a case. 213 Jul 97

To determine if carbohydrates perfused into the ileum affect gastric emptying and circulating levels of gastrointestinal hormones, 18 healthy subjects were intubated with an oroileal tube. A 400-cal (60% carbohydrate, 20% protein, 20% fat) homogenized meal labeled with 111In-DTPA was then infused into the stomach over 10 min. Simultaneously, a test solution of normal saline (n = 6) or 12.5 (n = 4), 25 (n = 4), 50 (n = 2), or 100 (n = 2) mg/min of carbohydrates (75% rice starch, 25% glucose) containing a nonabsorbable marker, polyethylene glycol, was continuously perfused into the terminal ileum at 3 ml/min for 7 h. In one-half of the subjects the perfusate contained an amylase inhibitor (3.3 mg/ml) that reduced starch digestion and carbohydrate absorption. Gastric emptying was measured by a dual-headed gamma-camera. Plasma concentrations of hormones and the amount of carbohydrates passing the ileum were measured every 10 min. The amylase inhibitor significantly reduced the absorption of complex carbohydrates from the terminal ileum (p less than 0.05). Gastric emptying was significantly slowed by ileal perfusion of carbohydrates (p less than 0.01). This effect was enhanced by the amylase inhibitor (p = 0.06). Plasma concentrations of C-peptide, glucagon, motilin, gastrin, and human pancreatic polypeptide were not related to gastric emptying or ileal perfusates, but decreased concentrations of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and neurotensin and increased concentrations of peptide YY were significantly associated (p less than 0.05) with slowing of gastric emptying. Perfusing carbohydrates into the ileum was associated with nausea, abdominal pain, and vomiting, but we could detect no direct relationship between the onset of these symptoms and gastric emptying. Slowing of gastric emptying of a homogenized mixed meal by the entry of complex carbohydrates into the ileum may be partly mediated by peptide YY or nonvagally mediated neural mechanisms.
 ...
PMID:Effect of ileal perfusion of carbohydrates and amylase inhibitor on gastrointestinal hormones and emptying. 246 4

In 9 out of 11 subjects with upper digestive dyspepsia: pyrosis, nausea, emesis, bloating, with negative roentgenological findings, a radioisotopic test detected a delayed gastric emptying. The investigation was based on a 500 ml saline meal including lmCi (3.7 MBq) 113m In-DTPA. For the sequential detection of the radioactivity in front of the epigastric area a gammacamera was used. This was linked to a microcomputer processing the histograms of the curves and estimating the half-time of the gastric emptying (normal value 8-25 min). The results suggest the need for prokinetic drugs in the management of symptoms due to functional pathology.
 ...
PMID:Delayed gastric emptying in rx-negative dyspepsia. 313 74

Gadodiamide injection (Gd-DTPA-BMA) is a new non-ionic paramagnetic contrast agent for which the safety at the dose 0.1 mmol/kg was evaluated during a European multicentre study on a large population of adult patients who had an MR examination of the central nervous system with contrast medium. The safety analysis was performed on 2,102 patients by recording the adverse events observed during injection and up to 24 hours after the injection. Adverse events due or probably due to gadodiamide injection were observed in 102 patients (4.4%) with injection-site associated discomfort (heat, coldness, pain at the injection site) in 37 patients (1.8%) and adverse events other than discomfort (headache, nausea, vomiting) in 35 patients (3.1%). No adverse events of severe intensity or death were reported during the trial. Gadodiamide injection was shown to be safe and well tolerated and represents a non-ionic alternative to the current products in the field of MR imaging of the central nervous system.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of the tolerability of gadodiamide, a new nonionic contrast agent in MRI of the central nervous system]. 747 77

Several clinical trials have demonstrated that cisplatin-based chemotherapy for primary intracranial germ-cell tumors is effective as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In this report, we describe a 6-year-old boy, Down syndrome and Hirschsprung's disease with intracranial pure yolk sac tumor treated by combined chemotherapy with cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycin and cyclophosphamide (modified VAB-6 regimen). He had been admitted to our hospital because of intractable vomiting, and left facial nerve palsy since 1 month before. An MRI revealed an enlarged mass, 4cm in diameter, in the left cerebello-pontine angle with uniformal enhancement by Gd-DTPA, and bilateral ventricular dilatation. He was found to have increased serum alpha-fetoprotein level (AFP 11, 786ng/ml), but not human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit. After a partial resection of the tumor, diagnosed as pure yolk sac tumor, and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, three courses of combined chemotherapy with cisplatin, bleomycin, vinblastine and cyclophosphamide (modified VAB-6 therapy) were carried out. The serum AFP level returned to normal, and the tumor mass entirely disappeared (a complete response) on MRI after the second course of chemotherapy. However, cisplatin-induced vomiting and mild neutropenia and renal tubular injury developed after the third course of chemotherapy. Irrespective of administration of recombinant human G-CSF and broad spectrum antibiotics, he suffered from pneumonia and died of septic shock and multiple organ failure. Autopsy showed microscopic residual tumors. The combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, bleomycin, vinblastine and cyclophosphamide is effective for initial treatment of childhood intracranial yolk sac tumor. It is necessary, however, to reevaluate the cisplatin dosage and treatment schedule in order to reduce such side effects as bone marrow suppression and renal damage.
 ...
PMID:[A case report of a 6-year-old boy with intracranial yolk sac tumor treated by VAB-6 regimen]. 753 Dec 96

Nine cases of symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst are reported. Their most frequent signs and symptoms included headache, chiasmal syndrome and hypopituitarism, while one of the cases developed a sudden onset of headache and vomiting following diabetes insipidus. Endocrinological findings showed a decreased ACTH, gonadotropin and growth hormone more frequently while there were 2 cases of hyperprolactinemia and 1 case of diabetes insipidus. In a neuroradiological examination, a plain skull X-ray showed 5 cases of ballooning of the sella turcica, and a CT scan demonstrated a low to high density of the cyst and 2 cases of marginal enhancement of the cyst. MRI mostly demonstrated a well delineated mass at the sella extending mostly into the suprasellar region and a low to high intensity of the cyst in the T1-weighted image. Two cases were marginally enhanced after gadolinium DTPA administration. The pathological examination, done on 6 cases, showed either single or multiple layers of the epithelium which were mostly ciliated. The epithelium was positive in PAS and Alcian blue in all cases and a histochemical examination showed 3 cases to be positive in EMA and 2 cases positive in CEA. A resection of the cyst wall and an opening of the cyst is thus recommended in symptomatic cases. Therefore, the transsphenoidal approach should be the choice of treatment in an intra- and suprasellar extension of the cysts with sellar enlargement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst: a clinicopathologic study of 9 cases]. 816 47

A 48-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of fever, headache and vomiting. At admission, the level of consciousness was depressed (drowsy) with slight confusion. Extremely miotic pupils, nuchal stiffness, ataxia and myoclonic movements of both upper limbs were observed. The eye movements were almost normal and there was no definite limb weakness or sensory impairment. A few days after admission, his level of consciousness further decreased, and opsoclonus, ataxic breathing and intestinal paralysis appeared. The body temperature fluctuated remarkably ranging from 33.0 degrees C to 39.0 degrees C. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed lymphocytic dominant pleocytosis, increase of protein and decrease of glucose. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed increased antibody (IgG) to herpes simplex virus (HSV) in both serum and CSF. The antibody in CSF further elevated at the later examination. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated high signal intensity areas mainly in the cerebellum and sporadically in the supratentorial subcortical white matter on T2-weighted images. Administration of Gadolinium-DTPA also revealed an additional lesion in the pons. From these findings, he was diagnosed as herpetic encephalitis involving the brainstem and the cerebellum, and acyclovir was administered. Although his initial symptoms and signs started to recover three weeks after admission, he newly developed complete flaccid paraplegia, dysuria and sensory disturbance with the spinal cord level of the 4th thoracic segment. The oligoclonal IgG bands were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of the convalescent stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Herpetic simplex encephalitis followed by myelopathy]. 836 51

We encountered a rare case of craniospinal arachnoid cyst. A 54-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic for headache, posterior nuchal pain, and vomiting, which had started one month before. On admission she was drowsy, and neurological examination revealed papilledema and prompt deep tendon reflexes bilaterally. T1 weighted images of MRI revealed a homogeneous, round, low density mass in the left cerebellar hemisphere which extended down on the dorsal side of the spinal cord to the level of C2. It was high intensity on T2 weighted images and was not enhanced by Gd-DTPA. The fourth ventricle was compressed and obstructed and hydrocephalus was observed. An operation was performed via a left suboccipital craniectomy with C1 laminectomy. A large cyst was located in the left cerebellar hemisphere, and it extended into the spinal canal down to the C2 level where the cyst compressed the spinal cord right-anteriorly. The content of the cyst was xanthochromic fluid. After the removal of as much of the cyst as possible, the flattened tonsil was seen just dorsal to the medulla. The cyst extended into the cerebellar hemisphere via the widened fissura secunda. The arachnoid of the cisterna magna was incised and communication between the cisterna magna and the cyst was made. The cyst was markedly reduced on the following day, and disappeared on the 50th postoperative day. The patient was discharged without neurological deficit. Pathological diagnosis of the cyst wall in the cerebellum was that the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex was covered by arachnoid membrane, which indicated arachnoid cyst. Five such cases have been reported apart from this one. The therapy is the extirpation of the cyst wall and making communication between the arachnoid cyst and the subarachnoid space. The etiology of craniospinal arachnoid cyst is not well known but postoperative prognosis is good.
 ...
PMID:Craniospinal arachnoid cyst: case report. 855 70

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is considered a useful procedure for evaluating the intracranial diseases. Leukemic infiltration in either the oculomotor or trigeminal nerve is rarely seen by MRI. We herein describe the diagnostic assessment and outcome of an adult patient suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (L2, FAB). An 18-year-old female was suspected to have ALL. She complained of nausea, vomiting, and double vision for a month, and further examination was required. Fiber gastroscope examination revealed no abnormal lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, a plain brain CT indicated no abnormalities in the brain. However, examination of a Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI and the liquor revealed that she had leptomeningeal leukemia with oculomotor and trigeminal nerve infiltration. Systemic administration of methotrexate (MTX) and cytarabine, and intrathecal injection of MTX were partially effective. Repeated Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI showed the shrinkage and reduced enhancement of oculomotor and trigeminal nerve, parallel to the improvement in the liquor. This case demonstrates the importance of MRI not only in the evaluation of therapy, but also in the early diagnosis of central nervous system leukemia.
 ...
PMID:[Oculomotor nerve and trigeminal nerve involvement demonstrated by Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report]. 1055 23


1 2 Next >>