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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Case reports within the dental literature have attributed dental erosion to many factors. Severe dental erosion from chronic vomiting, induced by ethanol abuse, has not been previously documented. This article reports such a history and reviews appropriate intervention by the dental practitioner.
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PMID:Dental erosion secondary to ethanol-induced emesis. 348 Apr 90

We assessed unprescribed psychoactive drug use in 173 adults with cystic fibrosis. Twenty (11%) regularly smoked tobacco. Cigarette smoking ranged from 1 to 30 years (2 to 60 pack-years). Alcohol was used by 60%, and marijuana by 20% of the patients. Pulmonary symptoms were often increased the day after alcohol ingestion. Alcohol occasionally caused nausea, vomiting, and headache if the patient was taking some cephalosporin derivatives (such as cefsulodine) or chloramphenicol. Marijuana often aggravated chronic pulmonary symptoms, although some patients reported transient relief during use. Comparison with a retrospectively selected control group did not show faster short-term pulmonary deterioration in the tobacco smokers. Physicians who deal with cystic fibrosis and other chronic illnesses should be cognizant of interactions of unprescribed and prescribed drugs. Recreational use of unprescribed psychoactive drugs should be considered if unexpected symptoms occur in older patients.
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PMID:Recreational use of psychoactive drugs by patients with cystic fibrosis. 349 51

Examination of the compliance patterns of 84 patients offered supervised disulfiram in aqueous suspension, and for whom adequate supervision by family members, friends or colleagues was possible, showed that 38 took disulfiram regularly and remained abstinent throughout the minimum six-month period for which it was prescribed. Twenty risked drinking alcohol while taking disulfiram, half of whom did not experience a significant reaction on doses of 200-300 mg daily. In nine patients there was a temporary lapse of supervision. Two patients induced vomiting of disulfiram. Four substituted inert medication. Nine dropped out of treatment--usually after separating from their partner--and two refused to start disulfiram. Apart from these 11 patients, attempts to sabotage or evade treatment were not necessarily associated with a poor response. In most cases it was possible to out-manoeuvre the patients by increasing the dosage or modifying the supervision techniques. Awareness of these possible patient responses is essential if the considerable potential of supervised disulfiram is to be maximised.
Alcohol Alcohol 1986
PMID:Patterns of compliance and evasion in treatment programmes which include supervised disulfiram. 381 54

Scattered case reports of accidental exposure and a few epidemiological studies have indicated that the liver is the main target organ following acute and chronic exposure to dimethylformamide (DMF). This has been confirmed in several animal species. In humans, ethanol intolerance is one of the earliest manifestations of (excessive) exposure to DMF, followed at higher exposure levels by various complaints (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain) and the release of liver cytolytic enzymes in the plasma. The metabolic pathway of DMF has been recently clarified, but the primary cellular lesion responsible for its hepatotoxicity is still unknown.
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PMID:Dimethylformamide (DMF) hepatotoxicity. 382 92

A sequential sample of 101 patients hospitalized for ethanol withdrawal and requiring sedation for evolving withdrawal syndromes was assigned randomly according to a double-blind protocol to treatment with either alprazolam or chlordiazepoxide administered orally. The data from one patient were unevaluable due to acute bleeding, leaving a sample of 100 (50 in each condition). At discharge, three independent ratings of diaphoresis, tremor, hallucinations, nausea/vomiting, and overall severity of withdrawal were obtained, and the occurrence of delirium tremens and grand mal seizures was noted. Patients also completed the Beck Depression Inventory, and their disposition following discharge was recorded. There were no statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups on any of the dependent variables studied. It was concluded that the choice between alprazolam and chlordiazepoxide for managing ethanol withdrawal should be based on criteria other than efficacy of control. Potential antidepressant effects and drug kinetics were suggested as the basis for rational decision-making.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res
PMID:Double-blind trial of alprazolam and chlordiazepoxide in the management of the acute ethanol withdrawal syndrome. 388 64

In a series 49 embolizations of 30 renal carcinomas, of which 21 were later nephrectomized, the early results of embolization with Gelfoam or absolute ethanol were compared. Embolization with absolute ethanol, using Citanest renal anaesthesia and a balloon occlusion catheter was significantly (p less than 0.001) more effective, and also caused significantly (p less than 0.05) less nausea or vomiting and almost significantly (p less than 0.10) less pain, compared with Gelfoam embolization.
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PMID:Embolization of renal carcinoma. Comparison between the early results of Gelfoam and absolute ethanol embolization. 391 77

A total of 25 patients with renal cell carcinoma underwent angioinfarction of the tumor using absolute ethanol. An average of 15 ml. absolute ethanol was injected into the main renal artery through a balloon occlusion catheter. Complete cessation of renal arterial flow could be demonstrated in all cases. The post-embolization syndrome of pain, nausea, vomiting, hypertension and fever was minimal compared to other methods of renal artery occlusion. Of the patients 21 underwent post-infarction transabdominal radical nephrectomy without intraoperative or postoperative complications attributable to the injection of absolute ethanol. No damage to extrarenal tissue was noted at operation. Subsequent surgical dissection was facilitated, particularly in cases of large tumors when control of the renal pedicle often is difficult. Median blood loss was 725 ml. In light of recent reports concerning the benefit of angioinfarction and nephrectomy in metastatic disease a similar approach may be applicable to localized disease. This pilot study shows the safety of preoperative angioinfarction with absolute ethanol and may be used as a reference for future randomized prospective studies comparing angioinfarction and nephrectomy to nephrectomy alone for localized renal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Preoperative angioinfarction of localized renal cell carcinoma using absolute ethanol. 396 74

Medical records of 1,911 alcoholics admitted to the Alcohol Inpatient Service at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque (USA) were examined to find the frequencies among there variables: hallucination (H), nausea/vomiting (N/V), and elevated liver enzymes (L). The variable L is thought to be independent of neurotransmissions. By contingency table analysis with chi 2 test, N/V and H are found to be positively significantly correlated (p less than 0.0001) whereas L and H are not found to be correlated. These empirical data suggest that there is a potential link between H and N/V in alcohol intoxication/withdrawal. Careful observation of the symptoms and signs of alcohol intoxication/withdrawal may be a useful research tool for elucidating human neuroreceptors in the central nervous system.
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PMID:Potential link between hallucination and nausea/vomiting induced by alcohol? An empirical clinical finding. 408 20

(PGF2alpha) Prostaglandin F2alpha was administered intraamniotically to 16 patients in 3 groups: molar pregnancy (8 cases), fetal death (6 cases), and anencephalic fetus (2 cases). These particular types of situations were selected because the effects of PGs upon the product were unknown. PG was administered in dosages between 3 and 200 mcg after being prepared in an ethanol solution. It appeared to have no effect on uterine contractility. It is best to start contractility stimulation with low doses which should be increased progressively according to uterine response. Tone, intensity, frequency, and uterine activity increased when PG dose was increased. Uterine labor as to maturity and cervical dilatation, was studied in the 3 groups. Blood pressure was registered in 2 patients with molar pregnancy; there were no changes during the 1st hours of the study. However, during the last part, differential pressure increased by systolic increase. In 4 patients with fetal death, cervical dilatation register was taken. Average dilatation time (going from 2-10 cm) was 9.50 hours. There were such side effects as slight nausea, vomiting, and chills. 1 of the patients presented with hypotension upon administration of PGF2alpha 200 mcg. 4 patients suffered complications; 1 with molar pregnancy had a possible pulmonary embolism by trophoblast, another had hemorrhage and hypotension, 1 patient with fetal death had immediate hypotension after administration of 200 mcg, and the other had deciduo-myometritis which cleared with antibiotics and curettage. No other subjects experienced complications. Intraamniotic PG administration produced few side effects. (author's modified)
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PMID:[Effect of prostaglandin F2a on the contractility of the pregnant human uterus]. 441 23

This study evaluates the efficacy of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as an oxytocic agent for the augmentation of delay in labor in 40 consecutive patients matched with another group of 40 patients (treated with intravenous oxytocin) as to age, parity, maturity, cervical dilation at time of augmentation, and analgesia. Delay in labor was diagnosed clinically when there was arrest in the descent of the presenting part and/or arrest of dilatation of the cervix. All patients were continuously monitored by means of a presenting part electrode and an intrauterine pressure catheter. Both oxytocin and PGE2 were administered via a constant infusion Palmer pump. Standard dosage increments were used until adequate contractions were achieved and no deleterious effect on the fetus was observed. 0.75 ml of 1 mg/ml ampoule of PGE2 in ethanol was diluted in 500 ml normal saline. Initial rate of infusion was 0.285 mcg/minute for a minimum of 30 minutes; the dose was subsequently doubled at intervals of 1 hour until adequate contractions were achieved. Initial rate for infusion for oxytocin was 2mu/minute; the dose was doubled every hour until adequate contractions were noted. Further cervical dilatation and descent of the presenting part occurred in all cases. Mean Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes respectively were 7.53 and 9.50 for the PG group, and 6.93 and 9.18 for the oxytocin group. No perinatal deaths occurred. Mean birthweight was 3.34 kg for the PG group and 3.39 kg for the oxytocin group. The oxytocin group exhibited significantly higher augmentation/delivery interval (7.32 hours vs. 5.2 for the PG group, p 0.001), mean basal uterine tone (13.23 vs. 7.38, p 0.001), mean frequency of contraction (4.39 vs. 3.61, p 0.01), and incidence of side effects (nausea, vomiting, and pyrexia). A fetal heart rate of less than 100 beats/minute was seen in 3 patients in the PG group and 7 in the oxytocin group.
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PMID:A comparison of intravenous prostaglandin E2 and intravenous oxytocin for the augmentation of labour complicated by delay. 445 29


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