Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A toxicology study of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP), aqua(1,1-bis-(aminomethyl)cyclohexane)sulfatoplatinum(II) (TNO-6), diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II) (CBDCA), cis-dichloro-trans-dihydroxo-cis-bis(isopropylamine)platinum-(IV) (CHIP) and ethylenediaminemalonatoplatinum(II) (JM-40) was carried out in dogs. The main purpose of the study was to compare the results with those obtained earlier in mice and rats and with the toxicology data in humans. Each platinum compound was tested in three dogs. Each dog received three intravenous bolus injections at intervals of 3 weeks. The compounds were administered in dosages of 1.2, 1.0, 12, 10 (or 6) and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Toxic death occurred for two dogs (both on day 54) from haematotoxicity (10 mg/kg CHIP) and renal toxicity (TNO-6), respectively. Serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations were variable after TNO-6 and remained within normal values after treatment with the other compounds. Severe proteinuria was observed in all three dogs treated with TNO-6. Values returned to normal within 16 days. JM-40 did not cause significant proteinuria. CDDP, CBDCA and CHIP caused short-lasting and slight proteinuria. CHIP caused a severe reduction in the number of leukocytes and platelets, while the other drugs caused acceptable reductions. Except after the high dose CHIP regimen, haematotoxicity was of a transient nature. Vomiting in order of severity occurred after TNO-6, CHIP, CDDP and JM-40, while CBDCA did not cause any vomiting. The dogs were sacrificed 6 weeks after the last drug dose. Organs were fixed for histopathology to complete and support clinical-toxicological parameters. On the basis of the results from the single-dose study in dogs and those obtained earlier in mice and rats it can be concluded that the gain from the use of the dog as a prognosticator for organ toxicity in man was disappointing and limited to the prediction of vomiting.
 ...
PMID:Preclinical toxicology of platinum analogues in dogs. 330 82

To investigate possible undesirable effects due to the intravenous administration of a reagent of a xenogenic nature (monoclonal antibody 225-28S) in man, a toxicologic study was carried out on 85 patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma. Two reagents were tested in this study: purified monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 225-28S and its F(ab')2 fragment. Purified MoAb was labelled with 131I and F(ab')2 fragment with 131I, or 123I, or 111In or 99Tc. The quantity of MoAb or F(ab')2 injected ranged from 14 to 750 micrograms, and the specific activity from 37.0 to 2116.4 MBq/mg. The total radioactivity injected varied from 25.9 to 891.7 MBq/mg. In addition to a careful clinical examination, the following tests were done to monitor possible adverse effects: blood glucose, azotemia, RBC, WBC, platelet count, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, plasma electrolyte levels, serum proteins, albumin/globulin ratio, serum bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, gamma GT, and CPK. These tests were done before the injection and on days 7 and 14. No patient experienced adverse general effects like fever, nausea, vomiting or allergic reactions. None of the aforementioned hematometric and biochemical tests showed significant variations compared with the initial values. It is concluded that a single injection of these reagents at the dosages tested is completely atoxic.
 ...
PMID:Anti-melanoma monoclonal antibody 225-28S: evaluation of toxicity in man. 335 62

Ciprofloxacin is a new quinolone antimicrobial agent with activity against a broad spectrum of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci. The efficacy and safety results of 80 clinical studies of the oral form of ciprofloxacin are reported. Drug safety was assessed in 2236 courses in 2203 adult patients treated primarily in the United States. Data from 1676 courses were suitable for analysis of drug efficacy. The unit dose for most patients ranged from 250 mg to 750 mg (median, 500 mg), usually given every 12 hours. The duration of treatment ranged from 3 to 231 days (median, 10 days). Predominant among 1722 infections were those of the urinary tract (43%), skin structures (29%), and respiratory tract (19%); the remainder were bone and joint infections (5%), bacteremias (2%), and intra-abdominal (1%), gastrointestinal (1%), and pelvic infections (less than 1%). Signs and symptoms of infection resolved in 79% of all cases; a further 15% improved, and 5% failed to improve. Pathogens were eradicated in 89% of urinary tract infections and persisted in 5%; 80% of patients still had sterile urine at the 3-to 6-week follow-up. In 81% of nonurinary tract infections, pathogens were eradicated; they persisted in 11%, and superinfection occurred in less than 5%. After treatment, 89% of the 2253 causative organisms were eradicated and 2% were reduced to clinically insignificant counts; 8% persisted. Of 411 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 77% were eradicated, as were 97% of 421 Escherichia coli and 80% of 248 Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Also eradicated were 95% of 166 Klebsiella, 96% of 139 Proteus mirabilis, 100% of 20 other Proteus, 94% of 123 Enterobacter, 100% of 68 Haemophilus influenzae, 96% of 49 Citrobacter, 89% of 45 Serratia, 95% of 41 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 91% of 43 Salmonella, 100% of 38 Morganella morganii, and 100% of 35 Providencia isolates. Adverse reactions were judged probably or possibly drug-related in 14.8% of courses; drug treatment had to be stopped prematurely in 3.5%. The most frequent reactions were gastrointestinal complaints (chiefly nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting), metabolic disorders (elevated SGOT, SGPT, serum creatinine, or blood urea nitrogen), and nervous system effects (dizziness, light-headedness, restlessness, tremor, and headache). Crystalluria, judged to be related to ciprofloxacin, occurred in two patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:A survey of clinical experience with ciprofloxacin, a new quinolone antimicrobial. 336 Sep 68

The common side effects of doxorubicin (DOX) treatment, i.e. vomiting and diarrhoea, would be expected to alter the pharmacokinetics of DOX in man, the efficacy of treatment, and further aggravate the side effects through acid/base disturbances. The pharmacokinetics were therefore investigated in 4 anthracycline naive females with advanced mammary carcinoma in 2 series of DOX monotherapy 70 mg/m2 administered with an interval of 4 weeks between the treatments. Sequential loading either with acid or base was instituted 2 days before and continued for 2 days after DOX infusion. Median urine pH was 5.0 or 8.0, and median arterial blood pH 7.30 or 7.43 respectively. Plasma and urine samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). No difference was seen between the acid and alkaline condition for DOX or doxorubicinol with regard to clearance from blood plasma, area under the curve, renal clearance, renal drug clearance/renal creatinine clearance. Thus moderate acid/base metabolic disturbances did not alter the pharmacokinetics of DOX up to 48 h after DOX infusion.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin in man with induced acid or alkaline urine. 336 51

The records of 147 cancer patients who received at least three courses of cisplatin-containing chemotherapy in the Arizona Cancer Center clinic between 1982 and 1985 were reviewed to determine the safety and tolerance of cisplatin administered in the outpatient setting. Cisplatin was administered at doses of 50-120 mg/m2 every 3-4 weeks. The drug was added to 400 ml of 10% mannitol, was brought up to 1-L volume with normal saline containing 3 g of magnesium sulfate, and was administered iv over 1 hour. An additional liter of normal saline was administered over approximately 1 hour in patients who received cisplatin doses of 70-120 mg/m2. Courses were interrupted if the serum creatinine was greater than 1.5 mg/dl just prior to the next scheduled dose. The median total doses of cisplatin per patient were 487, 595, and 683 mg/m2 and complete plus partial response rates were 64%, 71%, and 78% for those patients who received 50-60, 70-90, and 100-120 mg/m2/course, respectively. Cisplatin-containing therapy was tolerated without evidence of renal failure and with only moderate to severe emesis in 25% of the patients. Calculated creatinine clearances dropped only 4.9%, 13.9%, and 14.9% between Courses 1 and 6 in patients receiving cisplatin doses of 50-60, 70-90, and 100-120 mg/m2, respectively. We conclude that cisplatin doses of 50-120 mg/m2 can be administered safely and with acceptable tolerance in the outpatient setting.
 ...
PMID:Safe, rapid administration of cisplatin in the outpatient clinic. 353 27

In a retrospective study of patients 18 years of age and younger over a 28-year period, 48 children had pancreatitis. Epigastric pain, nausea, and emesis were present in 90%. Hyperamylasemia was present in 34 children; elevated amylase/creatinine clearance ratio was helpful in diagnosing ten others. In four children, pancreatitis was diagnosed at laparotomy. Etiology of the pancreatitis was idiopathic in 16, drug-induced in 12, all of whom had received corticosteroids. Nine developed pancreatitis after blunt trauma; seven had obstruction of the pancreaticobiliary drainage system. Two children developed pancreatitis in association with sepsis, and two had recurrent hereditary pancreatitis. Thirty of the 48 patients were managed nonoperatively while operations were required in 18. Seven had drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts, four had a pancreatectomy, and four underwent laparotomy with debridement and drainage of necrotic pancreas. Bilioenteric bypass procedures were performed to prevent recurrent pancreatitis in three patients; while duodenojenjunostomy sphincteroplasty and cholecystectomy were performed in one child each. Cure was achieved in 38 of 48 children treated for pancreatitis and its complications; each subsequently grew and developed normally. Hemorrhagic pancreatitis occurred in seven children, six of whom died. Seven deaths occurred, all in the medically treated group. Fifteen of the 18 children treated operatively did well in long-term follow-up. Although rare, pancreatitis is a serious cause of abdominal pain in childhood; almost half of the children will benefit from operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Surgical management of pancreatitis in childhood. 361 58

Suramin sodium is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor with in vitro activity against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ninety-eight patients with AIDS manifest as opportunistic infections (n = 38), AIDS with Kaposi's sarcoma (n = 38), AIDS-related complex (n = 20), or AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (n = 2) were treated with suramin sodium at 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 g/wk for six weeks followed by maintenance therapy with 0.5 or 1.0 g/wk. Of 72 patients who were HIV culture positive before therapy and were assessable for subsequent HIV culture 40% became culture negative during treatment, with no apparent correlation between virus recovery and serum suramin concentration. No immunologic improvement was noted. One complete clinical remission was noted in a patient with Kaposi's sarcoma and stage IV NHL. Seven minor clinical responses were also noted. Toxic reactions were generally reversible, and included fever (78%), rash (48%), malaise (43%), nausea (34%), neurologic symptoms (33%), and vomiting (20%). Suramin-induced neutropenia was noted in 26%, thrombocytopenia in 12%, a serum creatinine level of 180 mumol/L or higher (greater than or equal to 2.1 mg/dL) in 12%, liver dysfunction in 14%, and clinical and/or laboratory evidence of adrenal insufficiency in 23%. Sixteen patients died while receiving suramin or within three weeks of discontinuation of drug therapy due to infection (n = 6), hepatic failure (n = 3), pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma (n = 2), AIDS encephalitis (n = 2), AIDS-associated NHL (n = 1), iatrogenic hemo-pneumothorax (n = 1), or pulmonary disease of uncertain etiology. Suramin as currently administered cannot be recommended as effective therapy for AIDS.
 ...
PMID:Suramin therapy in AIDS and related disorders. Report of the US Suramin Working Group. 365 Mar 39

The effect of cis-diamminedichloro platinum (II) (CDDP) was evaluated in 14 patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Prior chemotherapy was done in 7 cases and the remaining 7 were fresh cases. The drug was given at a dose of 80 mg/m2 I.V. every 3 weeks, with hydration and mannitol diuresis. Four cases out of 14 showed no change, while the remaining 10 cases showed progressive disease. The response rate was 0%. Most of the patients who showed myelosuppression had received prior chemotherapy. Non-hematologic toxicity occurred in 9 patients (64%) and consisted of nausea in 9, vomiting in 7 and anorexia in 9. Values of serum creatinine and BUN were transiently elevated.
 ...
PMID:[Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) chemotherapy in advanced pancreatic carcinoma]. 367 95

The study of 325 patients who underwent gastric partitioning (stapling) was undertaken to assess the complications and weight-loss records over a 5-year period. A subgroup of 15 patients was studied to determine protein status preoperatively and 2, 4, and 6 months after surgery. Laboratory tests, anthropometric measures, and food records were used to assess patient health and nutritional status. Four operative techniques have been used by a surgeon in Reno, NV, since 1979. The main postoperative complication in the first two procedures, a nonreinforced horizontal staple line (Groups 1 and 2), was staple line disruption and, therefore, poor weight-loss results. The staple line was reinforced in the next 193 patients (Group 3), and the patients followed a blenderized diet for 8 weeks postoperatively. Persistent vomiting was the most common problem in that group; 24% required dilatation of the stoma via gastroscopy. The vertical staple procedure was adopted for the next 48 patients (Group 4) to further minimize disruption and severe vomiting. Other operative complications were relatively few. At 48 and 18 months, respectively, Groups 3 and 4 showed an average weight loss of 27% of the preoperative weight. Eating patterns and food tolerances changed dramatically postoperatively, and protein intake dropped significantly. Mean protein intakes below standard recommended dietary allowance (RDA) were observed in a subgroup of Groups 3 and 4. However, the mean total lymphocyte count and albumin values demonstrated that patients were not compromising visceral proteins. The mean creatinine height indexes and arm muscle areas showed no significant difference in somatic protein status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Gastric partitioning for morbid obesity: postoperative weight loss, technical complications, and protein status. 370 Sep 25

We report on a 67-year-old man with bilateral, synchronous, ureteral transitional cell carcinoma. He presented with bilateral flank pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting and oliguria. Bilateral hydronephrosis with upper ureteral filling defects was found on antegrade pyelogram. After urinary diversion with bilateral percutaneous antegrade drainages for 6 days, serum creatinine fell from 10.1 to 4.7 mg/dl. Exploration revealed bilateral upper ureteral tumors. Right nephroureterectomy and left ureterectomy with left nephrostomy were done.
 ...
PMID:Obstructive uropathy caused by bilateral synchronous ureteral carcinoma: report of a case. 374 1


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>