Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Within 1 year 74 children with neuroblastoma were registered, 30 patients with stage I-III (= 41%) and 44 with stage IV-metastatic disease (= 59%). An aggressive chemotherapy regimen employing Adriamycine, Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, and Dacarbazine yielded 10/24 partial and 9/24 complete remissions after 9 weeks. 5/24 children were treated less than 9 weeks so far. At the end of the chemotherapy protocol (week 33) 6 recurrences were observed; 3 of these children died. 5 patients remained in complete remission, 1 in partial remission. 12/24 of patients were not evaluable because of treatment less than 33 weeks so far. The one year run of the study is too short to evaluate the benefit of Interferon (randomized trial). The toxicity of the regimen is tolerable, including bone marrow depression, vomiting and hyperpyrexia. Breaking off therapy was only necessary in one patient.
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PMID:[Neuroblastoma study NBL79-society of pediatric oncology -- report after 1 year (author's transl)]. 616 57

The recent development of chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer and leukemia requires that all practitioners involved have a thorough knowledge of the sometimes life-threatening side-effects of chemotherapeutic agents. All these agents, whether used alone or in a combination, carry a risk because of their lack of specificity which make active on normal cells, especially those with a rapid turn-over such as the hematopoietic cells or the cells of the digestive tract. Prior to the prescription of a chemotherapeutic regimen, the acceptable risk must always be clearly defined, according to the seriousness of the disease and to the patient's age, physical condition and psychological status. During the course continuous monitoring adjusted to the specific toxicity of the agents used is requisite. More or less prominent asthenia and weight loss are common, as the result of various physiopathological mechanisms. Digestive disorders may consist only of nausea and emesis or include mucosal lesions with diarrhea as the main feature. Vincristine and vindesine are responsible for constipation. Hepatic toxicity, which is less common, is usually due to L-asparaginase. Transient hair loss is the most frequent cutaneous side-effect. Hyperpigmentation, photosensitivity, nail lesions, cellulitis and ulcerations may occur, as well as specific lesions with bleomycin. High fever during injection often occurs with this last agent.
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PMID:[Complications of antitumor and antileukemic chemotherapy. 1]. 629 36

Twenty-five patients with a variety of histologic types of advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma refractory to previous chemotherapy were entered into a trial of vincristine infusion. Patients received 5-day courses of vincristine 0.25 mg/m2/day by continuous intravenous infusion after an initial 0.5 mg intravenous bolus injection. Courses were repeated every 3 weeks. Objective responses were observed in nine patients (36%), all of whom had previously received vincristine given by conventional bolus injection. A complete response occurred in a patient with diffuse mixed histiocytic lymphocytic lymphoma, and partial responses were observed in eight patients with the following histologic types: diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic (4); nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic (2); diffuse mixed histiocytic lymphocytic (1); and diffuse histiocytic (1). Duration of response lasted from 1.2 to 16.2 months (mean, 4.4 months). The principal complication of therapy was mild-to-moderate neurotoxicity; this occurred in 12 patients (48%) who received a total of 54 courses of vincristine infusion. Hematologic toxicity was minimal and nausea/vomiting did not occur. Vincristine infusion may afford palliation for patients with advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphomas who have become refractory to standard chemotherapeutic regimens even if they have received prior vincristine by conventional bolus injection. These data suggest the possibility of enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of vincristine in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by use of an infusion technique.
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PMID:Treatment of advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with vincristine infusion. 672 21

From June 1984 to October 1995, forty seven consecutive patients (pts) with a confirmed diagnosis of diffuse malignant mesothelioma (MM) of the pleura (41) and peritoneum (6), were treated with cisplatin (CDDP) (24 pts) (Group A), or Doxorubicin (ADM) (14) based chemotherapy (Group B), or a combination of CDDP and ADM (9 pts) (Group C). Chemotherapy for Group A was CDDP 100 mg/m2 Dl with Viblastine 6 mg/m2 Dl, 8 (24 pts) for Group B ADM 40 mg/m2 D I with Vincristine (VCR) 2 mg Dl and DTIC 200 mg/m2 Dl-3 (5 pts) or instead of DTIC Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 Dl instead (pts 4). A Total of 11/47 (23%) of the pts responded to chemotherapy; Group A: I complete and 5 partial responders, Group B: 3 partial responders and Group C: 2 partial responders. Pts with MM of peritoneum showed I complete (Group A) and 4 partial (Group B: 2, Group B: 1, Group C: I) responses, a total of 5/6 (83%). There was no difference in survival time, duration of response and time to progression between the examined groups. A statistically significant difference between responders and non responders in terms of survival was seen: responders 20.8 (3-35), non-responders 5.05 (1-12) months (P = 0.03). Toxicity was acceptable and no treatment-related deaths occurred. Myelo-suppression, mild anemia, nausea-vomiting, anorexia and fatigue were the main toxicities. We conclude that CDDP or ADM-based chemotherapy or a combination of both drugs are equally effective in MM.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and/or doxorubicin in malignant mesothelioma. A retrospective study [corrected from prospective]. 942 83

Transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) is a rare vaginal tumour that can be treated surgically or cryosurgically as well as by radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Vincristine has been found to be very effective for treating TVT. Since vaginal secretion or discharge may contain neoplastic cells, the cytological identification of TVT cells is possible. The present study was carried out in 12 bitches. Vaginal smears were obtained with cotton swab from the anterior vagina and TVT suspected structures. The smears were stained according to Papanicolaou and assessed by light microscopy. Additionally the general condition of the patients was evaluated by haematological and radiographic examinations. In bitches with TVT vincristine sulphate was administered intravenously at weekly intervals. The total treatment period was three to six weeks until no atypical cells were found in the smear. This was the case after an average of 3.2 +/- 1.3 applications. Tumour masses became smaller and by this non-visible from the rima vulva after 4.2 +/- 0.7 applications. During the treatment, two of the 12 bitches (16.7%) suffered from vomiting and diarrhoea while three (25%) showed neutropenia. Twelve months after completion of treatment, the bitches were examined again and vaginal smears were taken in order to control the recovery process or a possible recurrence of TVT. No atypical cells were found in any vaginal smear. By this exfoliative cytology has proved to be a safe and easy method for TVT diagnosis and for observing the recovery process.
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PMID:Use of exfoliative cytology for diagnosis of transmissible venereal tumour and controlling the recovery period in the bitch. 1088 68

Vincristine (VCR) and L-asparaginase (L-ASP) are commonly used to treat canine lymphoma. As single agents, these drugs are not myelosuppressive. However, in combination, VCR and L-ASP cause severe neutropenia in some dogs. It has been recommended that L-ASP be administered 12-24 hours after VCR to minimize toxicity. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of neutropenia after VCR/L-ASP induction therapy for canine lymphoma and to evaluate risk factors for myelosuppression, especially the interval between VCR and L-ASP administration. Medical records of 147 dogs were reviewed. L-ASP was given 0 (n = 50), 6 (n = 23), 18 (n = 20), or 24 (n = 54) hours after VCR. Forty percent of the dogs were neutropenic 7 days after VCR/L-ASP, and 18% had neutrophil counts of <1,000 cells/microL. The median neutrophil count was 3,712 cells/microL (range 0-30,968 cells/microL). No correlation was found between administration interval and day 7 neutrophil count (P = .84) or development of gastrointestinal signs, including vomiting (P = .80), diarrhea (P = .52), and decreased appetite (P = .30). No significant predictors of neutropenia were identified. Higher clinical stage and substage b were associated with decreased appetite after treatment (P = .04 and .01, respectively). Sixteen percent of the dogs were hospitalized. This study demonstrates that VCR/L-ASP induction for canine lymphoma may result in neutropenia but that separation of VCR and L-ASP administration may not be necessary to avoid toxicity.
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PMID:Neutropenia associated with vincristine and L-asparaginase induction chemotherapy for canine lymphoma. 1232 8

We present a 5-years old boy with acquired Fanconi-de Toni-Debre syndrome being a effect of therapy for Ewing's sarcoma. At the age of 3 years, this boy was diagnosed as suffering from Ewing sarcoma of his right femur. The boy received a course of 8-month pre-surgery (6 VIDE--Vincristine, Ifosfamide, Doxorubicin, Etoposide cycles and 2 VAI--Vincristine, Actinomycin, Ifosfamide cycles) and 6-month post-surgery (6 VAI--Vincristine, Actinomycin, Ifosfamide cycles) cytostatic therapies according to EWING, EURO 99 protocol. In forth month of post-surgery cytostatic therapy, progressive malaise, polyuria, polydypsia, and recurrent vomiting occurred. The association between those symptoms and malignancy was excluded. Laboratory studies revealed hypokaliemia, hypophosphatemia, proximal tubular acidosis, proteinuria, glucosuria, aminoaciduria, hyperkaliuria and hyperphosphaturia. Acquired Fanconi-de Toni-Debre syndrome due to toxic effect of cytostatic therapy on renal proximal tubules was diagnosed. At present, two years after the time the diagnosis was made, despite constant substitution of potassium, phosphates and bicarbonates, deficit of body mass and height, and bone mineral density abnormalities are observed.
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PMID:[Acquired Fanconi-de Toni-Debre syndrome due to therapy for Ewing's sarcoma in 5-years old boy]. 1689 36

Cancer chemotherapy is frequently accompanied by severe emesis. The anti-cancer drugs are classified according to their clinical emetogenic potential. We have already found that kaolin ingestion behavior "pica" is analogous to emesis in rats. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the clinical emetogenic potential of anti-cancer drugs on the induction of the pica in rats. Rats were housed in individual cages with free access to food and kaolin pellets and the daily food and kaolin intakes were measured for 3 days after the intraperitoneal administration of anti-cancer drugs (cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, actinomycin D, 5-fluorouracil and vincristine). The drugs with high potential for inducing emesis, such as cisplatin and cyclophosphamide, induced pica in all animals on the day of administration and the behavior lasted during the observation period. The drugs with moderate emetogenic potential, i.e. actinomycin D and 5-fluorouracil, also induced pica on the first and second day after the drug administration but the kaolin intake was less than that of the drugs with high potential. Vincristine, a drug with low emetogenic potential, slightly increased the kaolin intake in rats on the only first day of the administration. Cyclophosphamide, actinomycin D and vincristine induced anorexia and decreased their body weight during the observation period. These results suggested that the both amounts of kaolin intake and duration of behavior in the anti-cancer drug-induced pica are related to the clinical emetogenic potential of the drugs and the incidence of the anorexia is not related to their emetogenic potential.
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PMID:The anti-cancer drug-induced pica in rats is related to their clinical emetogenic potential. 1710 47

Vincristine is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent in paediatric oncology. A 7-year-old boy was diagnosed with non-metastatic Ewing's sarcoma of the pelvis. He was started on chemotherapy with vincristine-cyclophosphamide-adriamycin alternate with ifosfamide-etoposide. He developed recurrent vomiting after three cycles of chemotherapy. Evaluation showed oesophageal stricture involving the middle and lower third part. Biopsy was non-conclusive. His symptoms improved with dilatation. A chemotherapy-induced neuropathic dysmotility was suspected, and his chemotherapy was continued with serial dilatation. Vincristine, being neurotoxic, was suspected to be the reason of this morbidity. His need of dilatation decreased, and symptoms improved remarkably after completion of chemotherapy.Vincristine-induced oesophageal dysmotility is a rare side effect. There is no consensus on management. Omission of this effective agent in such situation is debatable.
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PMID:Oesophageal narrowing during combination chemotherapy in Ewing's sarcoma: Is vincristine a culprit? 3017 30

Primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL) is a rare clinical entity comprising 0.016% of all cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 0.4% of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and can be missed easily. Here, we report a case of PHL treated with primary hepatic resection followed by an Rituximab Cyclophosphamide Doxorubicin Vincristine Prednisone (R-CHOP) chemotherapy regimen, diagnosed after postoperative biopsy report. The patient presented with complaints of pain abdomen, vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. She had hepatomegaly and no other significant finding. Blood investigations were unremarkable. Biopsy or fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was not taken before surgery. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen demonstrated well-defined solid mass with central hypodense fluid attenuating area in the liver with a thin pseudocapsule. The differential diagnoses considered were secondary to the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hemangioma. Left hepatectomy with the removal of the middle hepatic vein was performed. The postoperative biopsy was reported as diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the liver.
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PMID:Primary hepatic lymphoma: A rare case report. 3127 45


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