Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A recently introduced rodenticide containing N-3-pyridylmethyl N'-p-nitrophenyl urea (PNU), Vacor, was accidently ingested by a 25-month-old child, resulting in acute vomiting, lethargy, seizures, and hypoglycemia, as well as chronic evidence of autonomic and peripheral neuropathy and glucose intolerance. Treatment with niacinamide (nicotinamide), may have been of benefit since all problems were resolved within three months of ingestion. This agent (PNU) is remarkably similar chemically and toxicologically to alloxan and streptozocin, both potent beta-cell toxins. These similarities are not only important in regard to the antodite for PNU, but they also suggest that the toxin m,y cause long-term endocrinologic, neurlogic, and oncologic problems.
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PMID:Accidental ingestion of Vacor rodenticide: the symptoms and sequelae in a 25-month-old child. 644 44

The main purpose of this work was to study changes in the balance of fluids, electrolytes and blood metabolites in neonatal piglets with severe transmissible gastroenteritis. Six two day old conventional piglets were infected with transmissible gastroenteritis virus while six others were used as normal controls. Blood samples were collected in heparin when the infected piglets were moribund. The following variables were measured: packed red cell volume, total plasma protein and bicarbonate, blood pH, blood urea nitrogen and plasma glucose, creatinine, chloride, inorganic phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium. Vomiting and diarrhea appeared 12 to 24 hours postinoculation in the infected piglets and they were moribund one or two days later. Before becoming moribund, most of the piglets fell rapidly into a lethargic and comatose state. The most evident changes in their blood variables were an increase in packed cell volume, total protein, blood urea nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium levels and a decrease in pH and bicarbonate concentration as well as a severe hypoglycemia. The results suggest that severe hypoglycemia coupled with metabolic acidosis and dehydration might be an important factor contributing to the high mortality rates caused by transmissible gastroenteritis in neonatal piglets. The hypoglycemia results from a combination of the inadequate glucose metabolism inherent to neonatal piglets and the acute maldigestion and malabsorption resulting from the diffuse and severe villous atrophy induced by the virus.
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PMID:Hypoglycemia: a factor associated with low survival rate of neonatal piglets infected with transmissible gastroenteritis virus. 647 97

Strychnine toxicosis is characterized by inducible tetanic seizures and metaldehyde poisoning by fine fasciculations progressing to generalized tremors and seizures. Intoxication with 1080 causes seizures, random running movements, vomiting, defecation, urination, acidosis and hyperglycemia. Intoxication with rodenticides causing coagulopathy is characterized by hemorrhage into body cavities but not necessarily external hemorrhage. Anticholinesterase insecticides cause salivation, urination and defecation, while chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides cause CNS disturbances. Ethylene glycol intoxication results in ataxia, depression, coma, vomiting and tachypnea, followed by acute renal failure. Urea poisoning causes bloat and CNS signs in cattle. Monensin intoxication in horses lasts several days and causes stiffness, colic, uneasiness and recumbency. Salt poisoning results in depression, seizures and hypernatremia. Lead poisoning is associated with central and peripheral nervous system signs, as well as increased numbers of nucleated RBC and basophilic stippling of RBC. Arsenic poisoning results in GI pain, diarrhea, weakness and death. Copper toxicosis in sheep is manifested by hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria. Plants that may intoxicate domestic animals include sorghum, greasewood, halogeton, water hemlock, Japanese yew, larkspur, lupine, milk-weed, philodendron, oleander, castor bean and precatory bean.
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PMID:Practical toxicologic diagnosis. 649 3

This is a retrospective review of 233 patients who had surgical exploration for proven or suspected malignant lesions of the exocrine pancreas and periampullary structures. There were 24 patients with carcinoma of the ampulla or duodenum, 12 with carcinoma of the bile duct, and 197 with lesions of the pancreas. Among the latter group, 128 patients had carcinoma diagnosed at initial operation (31 by duodenopancreatectomy, 33 by liver, and 64 by other biopsies), and 69 patients had suspected carcinoma of the pancreas without histological proof. History of jaundice, pruritus, nausea/vomiting, total weight loss, duration of pain, and values of blood urea nitrogen, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin were significantly different among the various groups. Patients who had resection of carcinoma of the duodenum or ampulla had the best 5-year survival rate (39 +/- 12%). Among patients with resectable or nonresectable carcinoma of the pancreas, some of the symptoms and laboratory tests studied had prognostic significance.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory findings of carcinoma of the pancreas and periampullary structures. 669 85

English Pointer puppies were used in experiments designed to assess urea cycle function. A preliminary assay revealed a dietary arginine (Arg) requirement of 0.40% for maximal weight gain of puppies fed a chemically defined L-amino acid diet. Subsequent studies showed that consumption of an Arg-free diet resulted in growth failure, emetic episodes, mild hyperammonemia, decreased plasma Arg and urea, and orotic aciduria. Oral administration of ornithine (Orn), equimolar to 0.40% Arg, failed to correct these Arg deficiency symptoms. Consumption of an equimolar concentration of citrulline (Cit), on the other hand, resulted in near normal weight gains, but blood and urine metabolite levels still did not parallel those of dogs fed Arg. Plasma glucose concentration was unaffected by dietary treatment. Older dogs (20 weeks of age) performed no better than younger dogs (7 weeks of age) when fed an Arg-free diet. In a serial bleeding study, plasma ammonia increased after ingestion of an Arg-free diet, reached a peak during emesis and declined immediately thereafter. In contrast, plasma ammonia of dogs fed an Arg-adequate diet remained relatively constant. It was apparent that in terms of meaningful Arg replacement value, Orn had minimal activity. Cit could replace Arg for growth, but was not as efficient as Arg for urea cycle function.
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PMID:Urea cycle function in the dog with emphasis on the role of arginine. 669 39

The patient, 2 years and 9 months of age, was referred to our hospital with complaints of frequent vomiting, left hemiconvulsion and deep coma. The serum ammonia level was 251 micrograms/dl. Urine had a high orotate level (3,900 mumol/g creatinine). There was 7% residual of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) activity in the liver. Activities of other enzymes of the urea cycle were within normal limits. CT scanning on admission showed diffuse low density of both frontal lobes and of the right temporo-parietal lobe, narrowing of the right lateral ventricle and a shift of the mid-line to the left. The diffuse low density area was not enhanced after contrast medium injection. Follow-up CT scanning showed progressive bilateral ventricular dilatation and cerebral and cerebellar atrophy.
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PMID:A female case of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency with marked computed tomographic abnormalities of the brain. 673 21

Inborn errors of ureagenesis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of recurrent vomiting and lethargy in childhood. Elevations of liver enzyme levels are often present during these episodes and may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy. We studied two cases of urea cycle defects.
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PMID:Detection of urea cycle enzymopathies in childhood. 674 67

21 patients who underwent maxillofacial surgery received daily 6-8 packets of the instant formula diet Fresubin (2,100-2,800 kcal = 8,790-11,720 J). In 1 patient nutrition with Fresubin had to be interrupted due to vomiting. Under nutrition with Fresubin, mean body weight decreased significantly by about 3.5 kg. Serum electrolytes, blood gases, pH, base excess, serum-urea-nitrogen and creatinine, albumin content, serum transaminases, glucose content, hemoglobin and hematocrit did not show any significant change. It was evident that the sodium and potassium content of Fresubin was not high enough to guarantee normal serum values. In 8 of 21 patients potassium had to be substituted parenterally. Concentrations of lipids and triglycerids increased during nutrition with Fresubin and became elevated over normal values without statistic significance.
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PMID:[The instant formulated parenteral solution Fresubin in the postoperative feeding of patients after maxillofacial surgery]. 677 53

A patient with carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency had four episodes of hyperammonemia, up to 226 microM, associated with valproate (VPA) treatment. These were accompanied by vomiting, lethargy, and coma. A group of epileptic patients receiving VPA remained asymptomatic but had significantly higher mean plasma ammonium levels when compared to epileptic patients receiving other anticonvulsants: 33.6 +/- 1.9 (SEM) versus 23.6 +/- 1.5 microM. Thus, VPA caused symptomatic hyperammonemia in a patient with an impairment in urea synthesis and resulted in mildly elevated ammonium levels in epileptic patients. These data suggest that ammonium levels should be monitored in patients receiving VPA who exhibit signs of vomiting or lethargy.
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PMID:Valproate-induced hyperammonemia. 680 93

33 patients, who underwent maxillo-facial surgery, were fed with the instant formula diet Nutricomp F via a nasogastric tube for a mean time of 10 days. According to intolerance tube feeding had to be interrupted in 3 patients. Other side effects of nutrition with Nutricomp F were diarrhea (2,9%), nausea (1,2%), vomiting (1,2%) and eructation (1,2%). The mean frequency of defecation was 0,64/day. Glucose content of the blood, water balance, body weight, serum electrolytes, liver enzymes, acid-base-balance and the protein content of the serum did not change significantly. The postoperative increase of urea content in the serum is believed to be independent from formula diet.
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PMID:[Postoperative nutrition of maxillary surgery patients with the instant formula diet]. 681 64


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