Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case report of a 10-year-old boy, admitted to the hospital after he had experienced 4 days of periumbilical abdominal pain, intermittent vomiting, and diarrhea, is presented. He had proctoscopic and radiologic findings resembling ulcerative colitis. However, further analysis of laboratory data suggested hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Since the patient in the pediatric age group presents with a clinical picture mimicking ulcerative colitis, this hemolytic-uremic syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis. Examination of a peripheral smear revealing typical findings of microangiogpathic, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and a rising blood urea nitrogen value will lead to the diagnosis of hemolytic-uremic syndrome and early appropriate therapy.
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PMID:Acute colitis resembling ulcerative colitis in the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. 125 52

The clinical presentation, complications and sensitivity pattern was studied in 30 cases of enteric fever. Fever was the main presenting feature in all. Other associated predominant presenting feature were vomiting in 15 (50%), Loose motion 9 (30%), Cough 6 (20%), headache 4 (13.33%) and altered sensorium in 2 (6.66%). The various complications observed during hospital stay were myocarditis 5 (6.16%), Paralytic ileus 2 (6.66%), Pneumonia 1 (3.33%) and Joint effusion in 2 (6.66%) cases respectively. In laboratory parameters-mild elevation of blood urea and SGOT/SGPT were detected in 1st week, which returned to normal in 2-3 weeks time. In vitro sensitivity of organism isolated (24 cases) were as follow--Chloramphenicol 7 (29.16%), Ampicillin 8 (33.33%), Gentamicin 22 (91.66%), Amikacin 24 (100%), Cefotaxime 22 (91.66%), Ciprofloxacin 24 (100%), and Ofloxacin 24 (100%). Clinical response to Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin was 100%, and fever subsided in 3-5 days.
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PMID:Changing profile of enteric fever--in summer-91. 130 27

This is the first report from Ethiopia of a case of cryptococcal meningitis in a patient with AIDS. A 20-year-old woman was admitted to Tikur Anbessa Hospital in January 1990 with complaints of generalized pruritic skin lesions of six months, and headache, fever, and poor appetite of three months duration. The headache and low-grade intermittent fever were accompanied by nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and progressive weight loss, without diarrhea. She had had multiple sex partners. Upon admission, after being bedridden for two weeks, she appeared acutely ill and restless. Her temperature was 39.5 degrees Celsius, and she had oral thrush. There was no lymphadenopathy. Widespread, irregular erythematous and whitish macular patches (3 x 5 to 8 x 10 sq. cm in size) with peripheral scaling and tiny vesicles were found on the skin, pubic and perineal regions. She had neck stiffness, but was conscious and well-oriented. Hemoglobin (Hb) was 10.5 g%; the white cell count (WBC) was 3400/cu. mm; the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 92 mm/hr; the platelet count was 175,000/mm; and blood films were negative for hemoparasites. Urinalysis showed 3+ albumin and many pus cells and red cells/HPF. Urine culture was negative, and the VDRL test was nonreactive. Lumbar puncture, which was performed upon arrival, showed clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with normal protein and glucose levels and no cells. CSF culture showed yeast cells, and an India ink preparation was positive for Cryptococcus neoformans. Blood taken for bacterial culture grew yeast cells. Renal and liver function tests, and chest x-rays were normal. A potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation from a skin snip showed rounded yeast cells. ELISA and Western blot tests were both positive. The patient was given supportive treatment and amphotericin B (0.6 mg/kg daily). Although the fever decreased, the patient's general condition did not improve. She complained of headache, photophobia, nausea, and vomiting. Lumbar puncture was repeated eight days after the start of treatment; CSF culture and India ink preparations were negative. Urea nitrogen (BUN) repeated two weeks later was normal. Four weeks after admission, the patient suddenly vomited massive amounts of fresh blood and died before transfusion could be given. A discussion follows regarding the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease, particularly in AIDS patients, with a review of the literature.
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PMID:Cryptococcal meningitis in a young Ethiopian woman with AIDS. 139 20

The historical and clinical features and the haematological and biochemical changes in 126 cats with hyperthyroidism are described; 125 of the cats were domestic short- or longhaired, and one was a chinchilla. There were 62 males and 64 females with a mean age of 13.0 years. The duration of signs ranged from two days to two years with a mean of 5.4 months. The historical and clinical features were weight loss, polyphagia, polyuria/polydipsia, tachycardia, hyperactivity, diarrhoea, respiratory abnormalities, other cardiac abnormalities, skin lesions, vomiting, moderately raised temperature, decreased activity, decreased appetite, congestive cardiac failure, haematuria and intermittently decreased appetite. Goitre was palpable in 123 cats. The serum total thyroxine concentrations of the cats were more than three standard deviations above the mean of the reference range. Serum total tri-iodothyronine concentrations ranged from 0.78 to 14.96 nmol/litre and were within the reference range in 11 of the cats. Mild hyperthyroidism was a much commoner cause of high normal or marginally above normal thyroid hormone concentrations than severe, concurrent, non-thyroidal illness. Other common biochemical changes were increased of serum alanine aminotransferase, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. There were minimal changes in the red cell parameters. Leucocyte changes showed two trends: a mature neutrophilia, either with or without an accompanying leucocytosis often in association with a lymphopenia, or an eosinophilia, either with or without a lymphocytosis.
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PMID:Historical, clinical and laboratory features of 126 hyperthyroid cats. 141 11

Lymphatics have been suggested to play a major role in the absorption of dialysate, which consequently affects the adequacy of peritoneal dialysis. Neostigmine has been found to decrease lymphatic absorption in rats, presumably by causing constriction of the lymphatic stomata. We investigated the effect of neostigmine on seven continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients in a prospective study. We performed modified peritoneal equilibration tests both with and without intraperitoneal neostigmine in a random order. Radiolabeled albumin (0.8 mg) was added to 2 liters of dialysate +/- 2.0 mg neostigmine. We evaluated ultrafiltration and creatinine, phosphate, and urea clearances. The dialysate bag and the peritoneum were scanned at the initiation and conclusion of the four-hour dwell period. We found no change in ultrafiltration, residual volumes, creatinine, phosphate and urea clearances, or albumin recovered. Of the seven patients exposed to neostigmine, four had diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting. In conclusion, we found that 2 mg i.p. neostigmine did cause significant side-effects and did not alter transport characteristics in CAPD patients.
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PMID:Effect of intraperitoneal neostigmine on peritoneal transport characteristics in CAPD. 147 71

We have examined the possible risk factors for poor prognosis in cerebral malaria in 61 Nigerian children in an area of high malaria transmission. The level of coma, decerebrate rigidity, hypoglycaemia, and high urea levels were indicators of poor prognosis. Pyrexia, vomiting, and anaemia did not influence prognosis. Post-mortem findings suggest gross cerebral oedema and raised intracranial pressure in 4 of 7 cases with petechial haemorrhages and small focal necrosis (Durck's granuloma).
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PMID:Prognostic risk factors and post mortem findings in cerebral malaria in children. 147 13

To understand whether disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects zidovudine disposition, we compared the drug's pharmacokinetics in six healthy volunteers; six persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and no evidence of gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), renal (elevated blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine), or hepatic (elevated liver function tests) disease; and three patients with AIDS and hepatic disease. After a single oral dose of zidovudine, serial blood samples were analyzed for drug concentration by radioimmunoassay. A one-compartment oral absorption model was fit to the concentration-time data. The absorption rate constant (4.05 vs 2.11 hr-1) and time to maximum concentration (0.61 vs 1.03 hr) were significantly different in healthy volunteers versus patients with AIDS without hepatic disease. Differences in half-life, oral clearance, and area under the curve were not statistically significant. In the three patients with AIDS plus hepatic disease, clearance was reduced an average of 63%, and area under the curve was increased by a factor of 2.3. These comparative pharmacokinetic data do not support profound differences between zidovudine's disposition in healthy volunteers and individuals with AIDS; however, the differences and trends that were observed may represent an effect of HIV disease. Although the presence of hepatic disease clearly indicates a need to modify individual dosages, these pharmacokinetic data may have more generalized implications for zidovudine dosing as the relationships between drug concentration and therapeutic or toxic effects are clarified.
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PMID:Comparative pharmacokinetics of zidovudine in healthy volunteers and in patients with AIDS with and without hepatic disease. 149 5

Beagle dogs were allocated to 4 groups, each consisting of 3 males and 3 females, which received 0.055, 0.165 or 0.495 mg paraquat (PQ)/kg/day sc for 4 w to investigate subacute toxicity. Recovery 4 and 8 w postadministration was studied. In the early stage there was vomiting, decreased activity and undernourishment. Induration and ulcers at the injection sites were seen. The group receiving 0.495 mg PQ/kg had reduced food ingestion and occasional decreases in water consumption until the end of the 4-w injection period. Three animals in the 0.495 mg PQ/kg group were sacrificed in the moribund stage with marked decreases in body weight. Ophthalmologic examination at 4 w of recovery detected hemorrhage around the nasalis vein of the left fundus in 1 animal that received 0.495 mg PQ/kg. No abnormal changes in electrocardiography (ECG) were noted throughout the experimental period. Slightly increased urinary protein, reticulocyte counts, and fibrinogen were observed in a few animals in each group. A few animals that received 0.165 or 0.495 mg PQ/kg had increased phospholipid, blood urea nitrogen, and creatine phosphokinase. The lungs of the moribundly sacrificed animals had moderate atelectasis, localized atelectasis, moderate thickening of alveolar wall and pleura, proliferation of fibroblast-like cells, and abundant fibers in interstitium and alveoli. In the liver there was slight hemorrhage along the gallbladder. On electron microscopy of the lung, proliferation of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and type II alveolar cells, and some mast cells were observed in thickened alveolar walls. Abundant collagen fibers, destroyed cell debris and mitotic figures of spindle-shaped fibroblasts were also observed in the dilated interstitium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Subacute toxicity of paraquat in beagle dogs: clinicopathology and pathologic examinations. 162 56

A twenty year old girl was referred to the surgical out-patients clinic with a history of intermittent epigastric pain and vomiting of five months duration. The patient enjoyed good health prior to this and her past medical history was uneventful. Findings on physical examination included pallor, patchy alopecia and a soft mobile, non-tender mass in the epigastrium and left upper quadrant of the abdomen. When questioned she admitted to a history of trichophagia for as long as she could recall. A provisional diagnosis of gastric trichobezoar was made. Radiological investigations included an abdominal ultrasound which showed a large ill-defined mass lesion with poor transonic features, situated in the upper abdomen and extending from the left upper quadrant across the midline to the liver margin. Barium meal revealed that the greater part of the lumen of stomach was occupied with material of an indeterminate nature. Her haematological investigations showed Haemoglobin 9.5 gm/dl and Leucocyte Count 9.0 x 10(9)/L. Her Urea and Electrolytes were within normal range. At laparotomy a large hair ball extending from the Stomach into the duodenum and proximal jejunum was removed through a vertical gastrotomy incision. The patient had a satisfactory post-operative convalescence and was discharged two weeks later.
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PMID:Trichobezoar--a condition to think of in case of mobile abdominal mass. 162 51

Fifteen patients with advanced, measurable renal cell carcinoma entered a Phase II clinical trial of interleukin-2 (IL-2) (Teceleukin, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ) and interferon (IFN) (Roferon A, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.). IL-2 was administered by continuous infusion daily for 4 days and IFN was administered by intramuscular injection daily for 4 days; therapy continued for 4 weeks. Eight men and seven women were treated in this trial (median age, 61 years). Toxicity was moderate to severe with fatigue, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, and elevated blood urea nitrogen bunion and creatinine levels seen in all patients. Two patients achieved a complete remission and two patients achieved a partial remission. The median duration of response was 18 months. IL-2 and IFN is an active combination in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and warrants further investigation.
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PMID:A phase II trial of interleukin-2 by continuous infusion and interferon by intramuscular injection in patients with renal cell carcinoma. 171 25


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