Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Monoclonal antibodies are receiving ever-increasing utilization in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Campath-1 antibodies are directed against the surface antigen CD52 that is expressed on virtually all lymphocytes and monocytes. Murine forms, Campath-1G and Campath-1M, have been utilized extensively in allogeneic bone marrow transplants in order to purge the allograft of lymphocytes. The humanized form, Campath-1H, is currently the focus of many clinical trials in hematologic malignancies and autoimmune diseases. The genetically engineered Campath-1H has been utilized in the treatment of lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias with impressive results. T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphomas appear to be particularly good targets for this agent. Campath-1H may be administered intravenously or subcutaneously. Infectious complications are the most significant side effect associated with its usage, with fevers, chills, nausea, and vomiting most common. Antibiotic prophylaxis has made the infectious morbidity associated with Campath-1H more manageable. The efficacy demonstrated in clinical trials and manageable toxicities make Campath-1H an appealing agent in the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
 ...
PMID:Campath-1H monoclonal antibody therapy. 1108 57

CAMPATH-1H (CP-1H) is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the CD52 antigen with promising therapeutic effects in patients with small cell lymphocytic non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) of B- and T-cell type. We report about the response and toxicity of CP-1H in 18 patients with B-cell NHL who were treated in four clinical centers in Germany. Sixteen patients suffered from a low-grade and two from a high-grade NHL. All patients had received chemotherapy before and had either relapsed or were refractory to conventional therapy. Two patients received CP-1H in a dose-range finding trial once weekly and 16 patients as a fixed dose of 30 mg three times weekly. Of 18 patients, 8 (44%) achieved a clinical response, 2 (11%) had stable disease, and 5 (28%) had progressive disease. Four patients could not be evaluated for response because of death (two patients) and serious adverse events (two patients). All patients with response to CP-1H had a low-grade NHL. Nonhematological toxicity was severe in two patients who suffered from WHO grade III/IV bronchospasm. Common acute adverse events (WHO grade I-III) included fever, chills, rigor, urticaria, nausea, and vomiting. Eleven patients suffered from bacterial or viral infections; some had recurrent infections. A total of 12 different infections were reported. The most frequent infections were caused by herpesvirus (seven patients). Hematological toxicity included thrombocytopenia in four and lymphocytopenia in seven patients. Although the antibody is humanized, the nonhematological toxicity was substantial and probably due to a cytokine release syndrome. Prophylactic treatment of the side effects is strongly recommended for patients treated either with CP-1H alone or in combination with chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Monoclonal antibody therapy with CAMPATH-1H in patients with relapsed high- and low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a multicenter phase I/II study. 1180 32

Twenty-three adult patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) were treated for up to 12 weeks with the anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab. Patients were a median of six years from diagnosis and had been treated with a median of four chemotherapy regimens (median of 24 total cycles) prior to enrollment. Fourteen patients (61%) had received prior monoclonal antibody therapy with rituximab. Adverse symptoms were primarily mild to moderate fever, rigor/chills, nausea/vomiting, or fatigue/malaise in up to 86% of patients. Patients with low blood counts at the initiation of alemtuzumab tolerated therapy well. A total of 17 patients were evaluable for disease response. Nine patients (53%) responded with complete remissions in the peripheral blood. Of these nine, five were evaluated by bone marrow biopsy with four complete responses (CR) and one partial response. Six of the nine presented with nodal disease at the start of alemtuzumab therapy with three CRs and three partial responses. Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that offers effective treatment for chemotherapy refractory CLL and PLL and is generally well tolerated in the outpatient setting.
 ...
PMID:Alemtuzumab in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia and prolymphocytic leukemia. 1214 79

A 55-year-old woman with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1)-associated adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and a history of previously treated Strongyloides stercoralis infection received anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody therapy with alemtuzumab on a clinical trial. After an initial response, she developed ocular involvement by ATL. Alemtuzumab was stopped and high-dose corticosteroid therapy was started to palliate her ocular symptoms. Ten days later, the patient developed diarrhea, vomiting, fever, cough, skin rash, and a deteriorating mental status. She was diagnosed with disseminated S. stercoralis. Corticosteroids were discontinued and the patient received anthelmintic therapy with ivermectin and albendazole with complete clinical recovery.
 ...
PMID:Disseminated Strongyloides stercoralis infection in HTLV-1-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. 2147 23