Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The usefulness of CAF [cyclophosphamide (CPA)/doxorubicin (ADR)/5-fluorouracil (5-FU)] + medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy for advanced/recurrent breast cancer was studied in a randomised trial at 56 institutions. Patients received CAF therapy [CPA: 100 mg, orally, days 1-14; ADR: 30 mg/m2, intravenously (i.v.), days 1 and 8; 5-FU: 500 mg/m2, i.v., days 1 and 8) in arm I, or CAF + MPA therapy (CAF + MPA 1200 mg, daily) in arm II. The response rate was significantly higher (P = 0.041) in arm II (53.5%, 46/86) than arm I (36.6%, 30/82). The response rate by tumour site was significantly higher for lymph node and bone lesions in arm II. Partial response duration and overall response duration were significantly longer in arm II. Incidences of anorexia and nausea/vomiting were significantly higher in arm I but in arm II, moon face, oedema and vaginal bleeding were significantly higher. Many patients in arm II demonstrated improvement in performance status and weight loss, suggesting a beneficial effect of MPA. The chemoendocrine therapy with CAF + MPA appears to be more beneficial than CAF alone in the treatment of advanced/recurrent breast cancer.
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PMID:Comparison of chemotherapy with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate for advanced or recurrent breast cancer. 794 92

The avocado (Av) is a fruit that belongs to the Lauraceae family. We report 17 patients with immediate hypersensitivity to avocado. Clinical manifestations in relation to avocado ingestion were as follows: systemic anaphylaxis in seven patients, angioedema/urticaria in six, vomiting in two, bronchial asthma in one, and rhinoconjunctivitis in one. Skin prick test (SPT) with fresh avocado was positive in all patients with the Strong avocado variety (SAv) and in 14 patients with the Hass avocado variety (HAv). Our patient-associated sensitizations were as follows: 10 to latex, eight to chestnut, eight to banana, four to kiwi, and four to walnut. Avocado-sensitized patients with latex allergy were typically middle-aged women, professionally exposed to latex, who also exhibited frequent associated sensitizations to chestnut, banana, and other fruits. Specific IgE against avocado was demonstrated in 11 of our patients, by both commercial CAP and RAST with avocado extract coupled to nitrocellulose disks. Despite its lower protein content, SAv seems to be more allergenic than HAv, both in vivo and in vitro. On incubating a pool of sera from our patients with avocado, latex, chestnut, and banana extracts, a progressive RAST inhibition was obtained, with SAv- and chestnut-marked disks. This suggests the existence of common antigenic determinants among these allergens.
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PMID:Avocado hypersensitivity. 807 65

The clinical efficacy of "CMF" chemotherapy, (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil), was evaluated on advanced and recurrent breast cancer. The response rate was 36.1% in 61 evaluable cases, including four CR and eighteen PR. In terms of efficacy classified by metastatic lesion, the effective rates were 51.4% in soft tissue, 28.6% in viscera, and 20.0% in bone metastases. The main side effects were nausea/vomiting, anorexia, and leucopenia. In this study, CMF chemotherapy resulted in good clinical effects, and its response rate was almost the same as that to CMF chemotherapy in Europe and USA, but slightly lower than that to CAF chemotherapy. As to the side effects, the incidence of leucopenia, thrombocytopenia or alopecia was lower in CMF chemotherapy than in CAF chemotherapy. Also, unlike CAF chemotherapy, CMF chemotherapy had no cumulative dose-limitation and showed no cardiotoxicity. In conclusion, CMF chemotherapy is considered to be one of the most useful treatments for advanced and recurrent breast cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) on advanced and recurrent breast cancer. Clinical study group of CMF for breast cancer in Japan]. 808 46

It is a prospective study based on 100 consecutive cases of diarrhea following antibiotic therapy admitted to the pediatric services of J.N. Medical College, A.M.U., Aligarh between January to December 1987. They had C. penicillin (50), chloramphenicol (34), ampicillin (34), gentamicin (34), cephalosporin (4) and cotrimoxazole (4) for 3 days to 3 weeks prior to the onset of diarrhea. Apart from routine and special investigations, naked eye and microscopic examination of stool, its culture for pathogens including Cl. difficile were carried out in all cases. Presence of Cl. difficile cytotoxin was demonstrated by observing the cytopathic. Effect on veru cell culture, 18 grew Cl. difficile (14 cyto toxin positive). Frequency of fever, vomiting, abdominal distension, dehydration and duration of diarrhea was not different (p > 0.05) in the two groups. Purge rate and presence of mucus and blood in Cl. difficile positive patients was significantly higher (p < 0.05). Eight Cl. difficile positive (7 cytotoxin+ve) were subjected to endoscopy. Three of them showed P.M. colitis and 2 non specific colitis. Chloromycetin, gentamicin and penicillin were the main culprits responsible for AAC. None of the patients given ampicillin alone suffered from AAC. The mortality was 5%.
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PMID:Antibiotic associated colitis. 826 96

A prospective, randomized controlled trial was performed from January 1988 to August 1989 involving 66 (33 in each group) children over 3 months of age diagnosed with bacterial meningitis in the pediatric hospital of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences. Children were administered chloramphenicol alone intravenously at a dose of 100 mg.kg-1.day-1 in 4 divided doses. Those who received chloramphenicol + penicillin were given 100 mg.kg-1.day-1 of chloramphenicol and 300,000-400,000 IU.kg-1.day-1 of crystalline penicillin in 6-hourly doses intravenously. Chloramphenicol was given orally after 3-5-days' treatment, if there was an improvement in sensorium and no vomiting. The antibiotics were prescribed for 10-14 days. The cell count ranged from 525 to 16,000 per mcl, while the protein level varied from 53 to 1000 mg.dl. The CSF glucose level as a proportion of the blood glucose ranged from 0 to 69%. There were 3 deaths (4.5%): all in the chloramphenicol + penicillin group. 1 death occurred within 4 hours of admission from Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome; in 1 fatal case, the causative agent was a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain resistant to both chloramphenicol and penicillin. Treatment failure (deaths + change of treatment) was recorded for 3 patients (9%) in the chloramphenicol-alone group and for 4 patients (12%) in the chloramphenicol + penicillin group (P 0.05). Intravenous therapy was continued for 4.27 + or - 1.01 days in the chloramphenicol-alone group, while it was required for 10.3 + 1.99 days in the chloramphenicol + penicillin group )P 0.01). Significant thrombophlebitis occurred in 17 patients (58.6%) in the combination group but only in 1 patient (3.3%) in the chloramphenicol-alone group (P 0.001). Drug fever occurred in 3 patients in the combination group and in 1 patient in the chloramphenicol-alone group. After a week of therapy, none of the patients had a total leukocyte count 4000.
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PMID:Antibiotic therapy for bacterial meningitis in children in developing countries. 849 Sep 81

We, in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical College, conducted an evaluation of the usefulness and safety of granisetron hydrochloride used for nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy in patients with gynecological malignant tumors, with an additional study of the efficacy of different regimens. The subjects were 9 patients in whom 16 courses of CAP therapy were given (group A) and 13 patients in whom 24 courses of CAP therapy were given (group B). Granisetron hydrochloride 3 mg/body was administered by intravenous drip in the two groups before chemotherapy. Clinical symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and anorexia were observed for 2 days after anticancer drugs were administered in order to evaluate its efficacy. The percentage of patients who responded as "effective" or better was 90.0%. In different regimens, the efficacy was 93.8% in group A and 87.5% in group B. These results indicated clinically high usefulness in both groups. No side effects related to granisetron hydrochloride were found in this study.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of granisetron hydrochloride against nausea and vomiting induced by anticancer drugs for gynecological malignant tumors]. 854 76

A multi-center randomized comparison study of CAF + TAM therapy (Arm A) and CAF + MPA therapy (Arm B) in advanced or recurrent breast cancer was conducted at 37 institutions in Kyushu. Out of 119 registered cases, 114 were eligible and 76 were evaluable. The response rate was 42% (15/36) in Arm A and 58% (23/40) in Arm B. In the comparison of side effects, nausea/vomiting and anorexia were significantly less and moon face and body weight gain were significantly more in Arm B. Leucocytopenia was significantly inhibited in Arm B compared with Arm A, which indicated the myeloprotective effect of MPA. These results indicated that CAF + MPA therapy (Arm B) may be more advantageous than CAF + TAM therapy (Arm A) in advanced or recurrent breast cancer.
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PMID:[Comparison of CAF plus MPA with CAF plus TAM for advanced or recurrent breast cancer--Kyushu CAFT Study Group of Advanced or Recurrent Breast Cancer]. 860 18

A large study of tumors of low malignant potential confirmed the favorable survival in this group of patients compared to invasive epithelial ovarian tumors. Only 8% of patients died with recurrent disease after surgery. Patients with stage IA borderline tumors with mucinous histology tended to recur later and carried a poorer prognosis than patients with serous histology and similar stage. The group at highest risk for relapse were age greater than 70, stage II or III tumors, and histology other than serous. Long-term survival in this group was less than 75%. This high-risk group of patients should be targeted for innovative adjuvant treatment strategies. This year several well-designed studies with large sample sizes showed DNA ploidy to be an important new independent prognostic factor in stage I ovarian carcinoma. In patients with well-differentiated early stage ovarian cancer, DNA flow cytometric analysis may indicate subgroups with less favorable prognostic characteristics. This method of analysis may be beneficial in determining the need for additional treatments after surgery for early stage ovarian carcinoma. Recommendations for the definitive management of early stage ovarian cancer awaits completion of current GOG and European randomized prospective studies. Paclitaxel given in combination with platinum-containing agents is an intense area of research for treatment of advanced stage disease. Early data from a prospective randomized trial of patients with advanced ovarian cancer showed a higher response rate and longer disease-free survival in patients treated with paclitaxel and cisplatin compared to a standard regimen of cyclophosphamide and cisplatin. The impact of this treatment on long-term survival awaits maturation of data. Preliminary results evaluating G-CSF in combination with paclitaxel and cisplatin for dose escalation was reported. Paclitaxel, 250 mg/m2, and cisplatin, 75 mg/m2, were the maximally tolerated doses, with peripheral neuropathy or myalgias the dose limiting toxicities. Further studies are now underway to test the effect of dose-response with escalation therapies and to determine the optimal dose and schedule for the management of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. IL-3 significantly ameliorated neutropenia but did not prevent cumulative platelet toxicity in a regimen utilizing high-dose carboplatin. This mild improvement in myelosuppression was obtained at the cost of significant toxicity. Nausea, vomiting, malaise, bone pain, headache, fever, chills and facial flushing were frequent. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy was tested as a means of consolidation treatment for patients after having a negative second-look laparotomy. These treatments were shown to be feasible; however, prospective randomized trials will be necessary to determine a benefit over operative therapy alone. Several studies addressed to problem of residual disease after primary surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. A large phase II study conducted by the GOG confirmed the activity of salvage cisplatin-based intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with small-volume residual ovarian cancer with favorable pretreatment characteristics. Whether intraperitoneal platinum-based therapy represents an advantage over systemic platinum therapy is being addressed in a prospective SWOG study. The use of six additional cycles of CAP for treatment of residual disease after primary treatment of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy did not significantly improve complete pathological response and survival. Prolonged duration of chemotherapy above six cycles is not likely to impact treatment for residual disease. A regimen of high dose carboplatin was compared to whole abdominal radiotherapy for treatment of residual disease after initial chemotherapy. There was no difference in survival or disease-free survival between treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
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PMID:Gynecological malignancies. 863 1

The antiemetic efficacy of granisetron in repeated CAF chemotherapy after breast cancer operation was investigated. Twenty-three patients who were treated with repeated CAF chemotherapy after breast cancer operation received drip-infused granisetron (3 mg/body) to prevent nausea and vomiting. Antiemetic efficacy was evaluated by means of the severity of nausea and the frequency of vomiting. The antiemetic efficacy rate of the drug was 74.4%. However, the average rate of antiemetic efficacy was 86.9% on the first through the sixth administration of the chemotherapy (first period). 75.9% on the seventh through the twelfth (second period), 48.4% on the thirteenth through the eighteenth (third period), and 31.8% on the nineteenth through the twenty-fourth (fourth period). There were significant differences in the antiemetic efficacy rate among the first, second and third periods. The antiemetic efficacy of granisetron decreased significantly by repeated CAF chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Antiemetic efficacy of granisetron in repeated CAF chemotherapy after breast cancer operation]. 908 90

In Japan, 5-FU/5-FU derivatives or the combination therapy of CAF (cyclophosphamide, CPA; adriamycin, ADM; 5-fluorouracil; 5-FU) have been commonly used for the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Recently, a combination of CEF (CPA; Epirubicin, EPI; 5-FU) has come to the stage of adjuvant setting, because the cardiotoxicity was reduced in EPI. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of 6 cycles of CEF (CPA 700 mg/m2, EPI 70 mg/m2, 5-FU 700 mg/m2; day 1 iv every 3-4 weeks) in the adjuvant treatment of primary breast cancer patients with nodal involvements. All 12 patients completed 6 cycles of CEF within 8 months. The median treatment duration was 6.2 months. More than Grade III side effects of neutropenia, nausea/vomiting and alopecia were observed in 7/12 (58.3%), 5/12 (41.7%) and 12/12 (100%), respectively. No serious side effects, including cardiotoxicity, were shown. CEF seems to be feasible regimen as an adjuvant treatment for breast cancer.
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PMID:[The feasibility of CEF (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, 5-FU) regimen in the adjuvant setting of primary breast cancer]. 912 4


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