Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary cerebral neuroblastoma is rare. The case reported here was a 2-year-old girl who was comatose on admission to the Mito National Hospital. She had experienced headache and vomiting during the last two months. Neurological examination showed bilateral papilledema, left oculomotor palsy and bilateral Babinski's sign. A-P view of the left carotid angiogram showed square shift of the anterior cerebral artery to the right, and the lateral view showed upward and anterior displacement of the middle cerebral artery. CT revealed large mass lesion in the left parieto-temporal lobe, which was slightly enhanced on the contrast study. Subtotal removal of the tumor was performed on the day of admission. On the 15th postoperative day, she was started on radiation therapy to the brain and received 1900 rads. Vincristin and ACNU were administrated with radiation therapy. She improved progressively five weeks after the operation and CT demonstrated marked shrinkage of the tumor. However, signs of increased intracranial pressure were reappeared and she died six months after the operation. Autopsy showed well defined soft and grayish white tumor in the occipito-temporal lobe, which extended to the left thalamus and basal ganglia. No other tumor was present extracranially. Microscopic examination demonstrated Homer-Wright rosette and zonal filament. Pathological diagnosis was neuroblastoma.
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PMID:[Primary cerebral neuroblastoma--case report (author's transl)]. 734 83

Neurocutaneous melanosis is a rare congenital phacomatosis characterized by the presence of large or multiple congenital melanocytic nevi and benign or malignant pigmented cell tumors of the leptomeninges. A 14-month-old boy was admitted with a recent history of vomiting and drowsiness. He was found to have multiple congenital melanocytic nevi. Gd-enhanced MRI showed ventriculomegaly and leptomeningeal enhancement in the ambient cistern. CSF cytology revealed abnormal cells with pigmented granules. A diagnosis of hydrocephalus with malignant neurocutaneous melanosis was made. The patient was treated with combination chemotherapy (DAV therapy, ACNU intrathecal perfusion therapy, interferon beta therapy) while controlling intracranial pressure by CSF drainage, but in spite of treatment he died due to rapid progression of leptomeningeal infiltration. Postmortem examination revealed meningeal malignant melanomas predominantly at the base of the brain and benign meningeal melanosis over the cerebral cortex. Newborn infants or infants with large or multiple congenital melanocytic nevi should be carefully followed, especially for the first two years. When hydrocephalus or convulsions occur in patients with skin lesions, Cd-enhanced-MRI and careful CSF cytology studies should be performed to detect meningeal abnormalities.
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PMID:[Neurocutaneous melanosis--a case report]. 819 43

We report on the toxicity, intrathecal pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic effect of the ventriculolumbar perfusion of 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitros our ea hydrochloride (ACNU) against the subarachnoid dissemination of primary central nervous system tumors. Fifteen patients received ventriculolumbar perfusion of ACNU. One was treated with ventriculolumbar perfusion of ACNU alone, and the others underwent concomitant systemic chemotherapy; three of these patients received irradiation as well. ACNU was administered at an initial dose of 0.5 and was increased to 1.5 to 10.0 mg in six patients. Because of a lack of Level 2 or greater toxicity, the subsequent seven patients received 8.7 to 10.0 mg of ACNU dissolved in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml, from the start of the treatment. During ACNU administration, the lumbar CSF was drained at approximately the same rate as that of the infusion. Twelve patients received from 3 to 42 courses (average, 14 courses). The cumulative dose of ACNU ranged from 5 to 330.4 mg (average, 82.9 mg). One patient had a convulsion; two patients experienced transient headache, nausea, and vomiting; two others reported transient headache, nausea, vomiting, and fecal incontinence; and one experienced transient nausea, vomiting, and fecal incontinence. No side effects were noted in the other nine patients. When 9.0 to 9.5 mg of ACNU, dissolved in 90 to 95 ml of artificial CSF, was administered for 37 to 52 min, the maximum concentration of ACNU in the lumbar CSF was 9.86 to 12.79 micrograms/ml and the area under the drug concentration-time curve was 260.8 to 502.5 micrograms.min/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ventriculolumbar perfusion of 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosou rea hydrochloride. 826 78

This is the first report of successful treatment of recurrent retinoblastoma with vitreous seeding by a combination of ranimustine (MCNU) and carboplatin. The patient was diagnosed with bilateral retinoblastoma at 3 years of age. Although he received photocoagulation and radiotherapy for the left eye after enucleation of the right eye, a recurrent tumor associated with vitreous seeding developed 6 years later. The child underwent chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU), and a transient decrease of tumor cells in the vitreous was seen. We then changed the chemotherapy regimen to MCNU (70 mg/m2/ day for 1 day) and carboplatin (400 mg/m2/day for 2 days). After five courses of this chemotherapy, the tumor in the vitreous completely disappeared. No recurrence has been observed for > 4 years. Side effects, including myelosuppression, general fatigue, and vomiting, were observed during the course of chemotherapy, but they were ameliorated with supportive therapy. Neither nephro- nor ototoxicity was observed. The patient has useful vision. These results warrant further study of this novel drug combination in patients with recurrent, or even primary, retinoblastoma.
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PMID:Successful treatment with ranimustine and carboplatin for recurrent intraocular retinoblastoma with vitreous seeding. 893 71

Melanoma is an uncommon disease in Japan. The incidence, however, has been gradually increasing in the last two decades, as in many other countries worldwide. Ten patients with metastatic malignant melanoma were treated between March of 1997 and April of 1998 in the Department of Dermatology, National Cancer Center Hospital, with a combination chemotherapy consisting of dacarbazine (DTIC), nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU), cisplatin (CDDP), and tamoxifen (TAM). The patients characteristics were as follows: four were males and six females; the age range was 33-70 years; all were Japanese; sites of primary disease: extremities 4, primary unknown 3, nasal cavity 1, anus 1, scalp 1; sites of metastases: lymph nodes 6, pulmonary system 5, skin 2, liver 3, gall bladder 1, adrenal gland 1. The chemotherapy regimen included DTIC 220 mg/m2/i.v. on days 1 through 3, ACNU 60 mg/m2/i.v. on day 1, cisplatin 25 mg/m2/i.v. on days 1 through 3, and tamoxifen 10 mg p.o. twice daily. One patient achieved a complete response and 3 showed partial responses. The response rate was 40%. The four responders included those with metastases to the nodes, lung, and liver. The main toxicities were nausea, vomiting, leucopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. This regimen is a fairly effective combination against metastatic melanoma.
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PMID:Dacarbazine, nimustine hydrochloride, cisplatin and tamoxifen combination chemotherapy for advanced malignant melanoma. 1048 2

Primary cerebellar glioblastomas are exceedingly rare in childhood, with only 19 cases having been reported. We treated a 7-year-old girl with primary cerebellar glioblastoma, who rapidly deteriorated due to cerebrospinal fluid dissemination. The 7-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with a history of headache for one month. On admission, increased intracranial pressure and left cerebellar signs were observed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a ring-enhanced mass in the left cerebellar hemisphere and a low intensity lesion in the pons. The tumor had compressed the fourth ventricle and caused obstructive hydrocephalus. Gross total resection of the left cerebellar tumor was performed. Histological examination revealed nuclear atypia, mitoses, and necrosis, which satisfied the World Health Organizations histological criteria for grade IV astrocytoma. The MIB-1 labeling index was more than 60%. She was treated with adjuvant therapies consisting of 60.2 Gy local irradiation to the posterior fossa, including the brain stem lesion, and chemotherapy using 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea (ACNU). However, the patient developed of anorexia and vomiting 4 months after surgery, and MRI disclosed local recurrence at the left middle cerebellar peduncle and diffuse dissemination along the lateral ventricle wall. The patient was treated with three-drug chemotherapy using ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide and 39.2 Gy of whole-brain irradiation. However, her condition deteriorated gradually and she died 10 months after admission (6 months after the onset of tumor recurrence). Primary cerebellar glioblastomas in children carry a very poor prognosis and tend to cause cerebrospinal fluid dissemination.
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PMID:[A case of primary cerebellar glioblastoma in childhood]. 1249 84

The effectiveness of ramosetron tablets and granisetron injection was compared for reducing the frequency of nausea, vomiting, and anorexia in patients with malignant glioma undergoing ACNU chemotherapy. Patients with malignant glioma to be treated with ACNU chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive oral ramosetron (20 patients) or intravenous granisetron (19 patients) prior to ACNU injection. Gastrointestinal toxicity within 48 hours of ACNU injection was compared to that in patients who had received ACNU chemotherapy with dopamine D2 receptor-blocker as a historical control group. Within 24 hours of the administration of ACNU, 15 of the 20 patients treated with ramosetron and 16 of the 19 treated with granisetron were nausea-free, and 14 of the former and 14 of the latter regained their normal appetite. There was no significant difference in the anti-emetic effects. Ten of the 17 controls experienced no vomiting within 6 hours of the injection of ACNU, five were nausea-free within 24 hours, and two retained their normal appetite within 24 hours. Oral ramosetron has the same anti-anorectic and anti-emetic effects as intravenous granisetron. Ramosetron tablets are less expensive and are easy to take, so should be on the list of first-choice anti-emetic drugs for patients treated with ACNU chemotherapy.
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PMID:Comparative clinical study of the anti-emetic effects of oral ramosetron and injected granisetron in patients with malignant glioma undergoing ACNU chemotherapy. 1597 62

We report a boy who in 1994, at the age of 11, presented with headache and vomiting. The fi nal diagnosis was papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a heterogeneous mass. Hydrocephalus was addressed by immediate ventricle drainage; subsequently, we attempted tumor removal. As the intraoperative diagnosis of the hemorrhagic tumor was primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), we did not proceed to total removal. After the delivery of radiotherapy (50.4 Gy) and one course of Nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU) chemotherapy, the residual tumor was completely resected. The diagnosis at that time (1994) was papillary pineocytoma. He was followed on an outpatient basis for 15 years and remained free of recurrence. This type of tumor was later proposed to represent a new distinct tumor subtype, papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR). Our data indicate that our patient's tumor should be included in this category.
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PMID:Successful treatment of neoadjuvant therapy for papillary tumor of the pineal region. 1985 18

A 41-year-old man was admitted in June 2007 with a 1-month history of headache and cerebellar ataxia. At the age of 5 years, in May 1971, he had presented with headache, vomiting, and gait disturbance. Cerebral angiographical study demonstrated vascular shift caused by a mass lesion in the cerebellar vermis. He had immediately undergone partial removal. Histological diagnosis was medulloblastoma (MB). Postoperatively he received a total of 40 Gy radiation to the whole brain and 30.5 Gy to the spine without chemotherapy. He was again seen 35 years later with a radiation-induced glioblastoma (GB) that arose in the region of the original MB. The tumor was surgically removed, and he received radiotherapy and chemotherapy with ACNU, procarbazine, and vincristine. Postoperative irradiation reduced the size of the second tumor.
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PMID:Radiation-induced glioblastoma occurring 35 years after radiation therapy for medulloblastoma: case report. 2042 47


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