Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a random, controlled study of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants from 3 to 8 weeks of age, 17 infants were fed soy isolate formula supplemented with calcium (92 mg/kg/day), phosphorus (44 mg/kg/day), and vitamin D (500 IU/kg/day), and 15 were fed a new whey-predominant, low osmolality formula designed for small preterm infants. Mean birth weight (1,206 g, SD 178) and gestational age (30 weeks, SD 1.9) of the soy-fed group were not significantly different from the whey formula group (1,143 g, SD 158, and 30 weeks, SD 1.8, respectively). Caloric and protein intakes were not different between the formula groups throughout the study period. However, mean weight gain in g/kg/day was significantly greater for the whey formula group: 15.3 g, SD 2.5, vs. 11.3 g, SD 2.3, p less than 0.0001. Serum protein and albumin were higher in the whey formula-fed group during the latter 2 weeks of the study (p less than 0.05). The incidence of vomiting, gastric residual, abdominal distension, diarrhea, and constipation was low and not different between the two groups. No infant developed necrotizing enterocolitis. Serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxy vitamin D and parathyroid hormone were similar in both groups, and no infant developed radiographic evidence of rickets. Although soy isolate formula supplemented with calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D was not associated with rickets, no fewer complications were observed with this lactose-free, low solute formula.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Comparison of calcium- and phosphorus-supplemented soy isolate formula with whey-predominant premature formula in very low birth weight infants. 633 95

Groups of six male and six female Beagle dogs were fed diets containing 0, 250, 500, or 1000 ppm fenvalerate for a period of 6 months. Prominent in-life observations related to treatment were emesis, head shaking, biting of the extremities, ataxia, and tremors. One high-dose male dog was sacrificed in extremis during the study period. Mean body weights of 1000-ppm female dogs were significantly lower than those of controls. Red blood cell counts and hematocrit and hemoglobin values in high-dose male and female dogs were significantly lower than those of controls at most sampling intervals. Serum cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase levels were also increased primarily in the high-dose group. Ophthalmic examination revealed changes in retinal vessel tortuosity in some mid- and high-dose dogs. Hepatic multifocal microgranulomata were observed in control and treated dogs microscopically. These changes increased in incidence and severity with dose and were considered to be related to treatment. Histiocytic cell infiltrate in mesenteric lymph nodes in some 500- and 1000-ppm female and 1000-ppm male dogs was the only other treatment-related microscopic effect.
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PMID:Six-month feeding study of fenvalerate in dogs. 647 3

The acute toxicity of hexazinone, a herbicide intended for general noncropland areas and selected crop uses (alfalfa and sugarcane), has been evaluated to establish proper handling guidelines and to measure its potential impact on the environment. The material is slightly to moderately toxic when given as a single oral dose; its LD50 in male rats is 1690 mg/kg, in male guinea pigs 860 mg/kg, and in male dogs greater than 3400 mg/kg although in the dog emesis prevented accurate quantitation. When the material is administered intraperitoneally, the LD50 in rats is 530 mg/kg. Repeated doses (five oral doses per week for 2 weeks) of 300 mg/kg to rats produced slight weight loss in one of two replicate experiments. In both studies, no gross or histologic alterations were apparent. Hexazinone is a moderate to severe eye irritant in the rabbit and produced only mild erythema in rabbit skin at 5278 mg/kg, a dose which did not produce lethality or other clinical signs. Subchronic dermal exposures (10 consecutive doses) to rabbits produced increases in serum alkaline phosphatase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase at the highest levels tested (680 and 770 mg/kg in two separate experiments) with no effects seen at 150 mg/kg. There were no alterations in livers from treated rabbits examined by light microscopy. No dermal sensitization was produced when concentrations of up to 50% were tested in guinea pigs. One-hour inhalation exposure of up to 7.48 mg/liter did not produce mortality in rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Acute and environmental toxicity studies with hexazinone. 647 6

Propylthiouracil-induced hepatitis is an uncommon entity. Two further cases are reported herein, and the clinical and laboratory features of the other six cases in the English literature are reviewed. The initial appearance of the disease is similar to that of viral hepatitis, characterized by nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. The biochemical pattern of injury is predominantly hepatocellular, with marked elevation of transaminase valves and less striking elevation of alkaline phosphatase values. Recovery is usually complete after withdrawal of the drug, but there have been at least two fatalities, including the first patient (to our knowledge) whose case is reported herein. Despite its rarity, the disease should be suspected in any patient receiving propylthiouracil in whom clinical or laboratory evidence of hepatocellular injury develops.
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PMID:Propylthiouracil and hepatitis. Two cases and a review of the literature. 660 33

Bile duct obstruction was induced in 6 cats by surgical ligation and transection of the common bile duct. Clinical and laboratory changes were monitored weekly for 25 to 54 days. Clinical signs of obstruction were similar in all cats and included anorexia, pyrexia, lethargy, intermittent vomiting, weight loss, palpable gallbladder, hepatomegaly, and bleeding tendencies. Tissue jaundice and acholic feces were evident grossly as early as postsurgical day (PSD) 4 with a mean onset of jaundice at PSD 5.3 +/- 0.4. Hematologic changes were initially characterized by a mild neutrophilic leukocytosis that increased with the chronicity of bile duct obstruction. Regenerative anemia developed in 4 cats associated with gastrointestinal blood loss. Acute serum biochemical changes were characterized by a marked increase in the mean values of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, and copper. Comparatively, only moderate increases in mean serum alkaline phosphatase activity were observed. Mean total bilirubin values increased remarkably at postsurgical week (PSW) 1, reaching a maximal value of 23.1 +/- 4.4 mg/dl at PSW 3 with 71.6 +/- 2.7% direct bilirubin. With chronicity of bile duct obstruction ranging from PSW 3 to PSW 7, the mean serum values of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, serum alkaline phosphatase, and total and direct bilirubin stabilized and then declined, whereas the increased mean serum copper values persisted. At PSD 25 to 54, hepatic copper values and serum bile acids were markedly increased. Seemingly, clinicopathologic changes of induced cholestatic hepatic injury depended largely on the duration of biliary obstruction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hematologic and biochemical abnormalities associated with induced extrahepatic bile duct obstruction in the cat. 663 41

Ametantrone is the third of a family of anthracene derivatives to undergo a phase I trial in man. Sixteen patients received 33 courses of drug as a single iv dose given every 3 weeks. Escalations proceeded from 120 to 180 mg/m2. Predictable and reversible leukopenia was the dose-limiting toxic effect. Four patients developed thrombocytopenia. Nonhematologic toxic effects included a marked cumulative blue discoloration of the skin seen in all patients receiving more than three courses of the drug. This cumulative cosmetic effect may also be dose-limiting. Other nonhematologic toxic effects included: blue urine (all patients), nausea (two), vomiting (one), a blue stool (one), and reversible elevations of either SGOT or alkaline phosphatase (two). No objective responses were seen in this study. A dose of 140-160 mg/m2 is recommended as the starting dose for phase II trials in patients who have received prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
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PMID:Phase I investigation of ametantrone. 664 May 57

Subacute toxicity and its recovery of bestatin (NK421) was studied on both sexes of 34 Beagle dogs. At dose levels of 600, 240, 96 and 38.4 mg/kg, NK421 was administered orally to dogs for 90 successive days. The control group was treated orally with 2 g/dog of corn starch. Each group was constituted of 3 males and 3 females, and 2 males and 2 females were added to the 240 mg/kg group for the recovery test for 35 days. As general symptoms, loss of appetite, vomiting, abnormal feces (loose stool, diarrhea, mucous stool), eye mucus, decoloration of the visible mucous membrance and unkempt fur were observed slightly and almost dose-dependently in the group dosed with more than 96 mg/kg. Body weight decreased with the passage of time in the 600 and 240 mg/kg groups, but no death appeared in any group. In correlation with general signs, slight anemia was seen hematologically, and the increased alkaline phosphatase activity and the decreased albumin ratio in serum protein fraction were observed biochemically. The slight abnormal findings of bone marrow, spleen and liver were also demonstrated histopathologically. All the above findings disappeared during the recovery period. The maximum non-toxic dose of NK421 in this study is estimated to be 38.4 mg/kg in dogs.
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PMID:Toxicological studies on bestatin. II. Subacute toxicity test and recovery study in beagle dogs. 667 29

This is a retrospective review of 233 patients who had surgical exploration for proven or suspected malignant lesions of the exocrine pancreas and periampullary structures. There were 24 patients with carcinoma of the ampulla or duodenum, 12 with carcinoma of the bile duct, and 197 with lesions of the pancreas. Among the latter group, 128 patients had carcinoma diagnosed at initial operation (31 by duodenopancreatectomy, 33 by liver, and 64 by other biopsies), and 69 patients had suspected carcinoma of the pancreas without histological proof. History of jaundice, pruritus, nausea/vomiting, total weight loss, duration of pain, and values of blood urea nitrogen, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin were significantly different among the various groups. Patients who had resection of carcinoma of the duodenum or ampulla had the best 5-year survival rate (39 +/- 12%). Among patients with resectable or nonresectable carcinoma of the pancreas, some of the symptoms and laboratory tests studied had prognostic significance.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory findings of carcinoma of the pancreas and periampullary structures. 669 85

A single oral dose of the lyophilized deathcap fungus Amanita phalloides (85 mg/kg body wt) caused gastrointestinal signs of diarrhea, retching, and vomiting in beagles after a latent period of 16 hr. The pathologic lesions; the increases in serum transaminase (GOT, GPT), alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin, as well as the fall in prothrombin time all indicated that liver damage was maximal at about 48 hr after poisoning. Four of twelve dogs given A. phalloides died with signs of hepatic coma within 35 to 54 hr with the biochemical values in the survivors reverting to normal by the ninth day. Silibinin administration (50 mg/kg) 5 and 24 hr after intoxication suppressed the serum changes and the fall in prothrombin time. The degree of hemorrhagic necrosis in the liver was markedly reduced, and none of the silibinin-treated dogs died.
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PMID:Protection by silibinin against Amanita phalloides intoxication in beagles. 671 56

Vomiting, diarrhea, icterus and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, SGPT and serum bilirubin levels occurred in a 12-year-old Basenji on sulfadiazine-trimethoprim and cyclophosphamide therapy. After use of the antibacterial drug was discontinued, the dog returned to normal with no further evidence of hepatocellular damage.
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PMID:Hepatitis in a dog given sulfadiazine-trimethoprim and cyclophosphamide. 672 42


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