Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An emaciated 16-year-old female with anorexia nervosa was hospitalized for treatment of vomiting, epigastralgia and diarrhea. The finding of a taste disorder, low serum alkaline phosphatase activity and relatively low serum zinc level strongly suggested a zinc deficiency. Zinc was initially administered intravenously (40 mumol/day) for 7 days, then orally (15 mg elemental zinc/day) for about 60 days. Her digestive symptoms disappeared after the second day of intravenous treatment and she began to gain weight. She rapidly regained her normal weight after one month of receiving the oral zinc supplementation. Both exocrine pancreatic function and intestinal absorption were improved by the prolonged oral administration of zinc. In such cases zinc supplementation may be a therapeutic option in addition to psychologic and other approaches to management.
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PMID:Anorexia nervosa responding to zinc supplementation: a case report. 152 38

Elsamitrucin (BMY-28090) is an antitumor antibiotic first described in 1985 that has significant oncolytic activity against a number of murine tumors including P388, L1210, B16 and M5076, as well as against MX1 and HCT116 xenografts. Preclinical toxicology studies of elsamitrucin revealed edema of multiple organs associated with hypoproteinemia and, at lethal doses, severe multiorgan toxicity. We conducted a phase I clinical trial (31 patients) of elsamitrucin administered as a 10-min i.v. infusion every 3 weeks. The starting dose (0.6 mg/m2) was 1/3 of the dog low toxic dose. The maximum tolerated dose was 30 mg/m2. Dose-limiting toxicity was reversible hepatic dysfunction manifested by elevated transaminase levels not associated with bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, or lactate dehydrogenase elevations. Other toxicities included nausea, vomiting, malaise, and phlebitis. Because the hepatic toxicity was brief and reversible, a subsequent study (18 patients) was conducted with elsamitrucin administered every 2 weeks. Reversible grade 3 hepatotoxicity was again observed at 30 mg/m2. Plasma and urine samples from patients receiving doses of 0.6-36 mg/m2 were analyzed for drug content. The maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration versus time curve values increased linearly with doses up to 25 mg/m2 but not at higher doses. The terminal half-lives, total body clearances, and volume of distribution were 36-60 h, 10-19 liters/h/m2, and 400-1100 liters/m2, respectively. Less than 5% was excreted in the urine in 24 h as parent compound. Bile was collected from one patient with an indwelling biliary catheter. Approximately 22% of the dose was excreted in 48 h, suggesting that biliary excretion of elsamitrucin may be an important route of drug elimination. Based on reversible hepatic toxicity, the phase II recommended dose of elsamitrucin is 25 mg/m2 every 2 weeks.
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PMID:Phase I trial and clinical pharmacology of elsamitrucin. 154 Sep 49

Administration of trimethoprim-sulfadiazine in a dog was associated with vomiting, inappetence, and icterus, and high values of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and total bilirubin concentration. The clinical signs and biochemical abnormalities resolved after discontinuation of the treatment. Histologic examination of sections from a liver biopsy specimen revealed moderate, predominantly portal hepatitis with cholestasis.
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PMID:Presumptive trimethoprim-sulfadiazine-related hepatotoxicosis in a dog. 154 70

One-hundred, twenty-eight patients with Hodgkin's disease in remission or who had failed a mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisone (MOPP), a doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (ABVD) and/or lomustine, etoposide and prednimustine (CEP) regimens have been treated with a high-dose therapy (HDT) containing cyclophosphamide, etoposide, carmustine (CVB) and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). Forty patients were treated while they were in resistant or progressive disease states using alternating MOPP/ABVD protocol; 15 patients received ABMT in first relapse; 51 patients had a complete remission (CR) with first-line therapy but later relapsed and then received conventional salvage therapy; 16 achieved no response or progression ("resistant relapse" patients) and 35 responded partially or completely ("sensitive-relapse" patients). The other 22 patients received ABMT in remission. Following HDT, 56 patients (52.8%) achieved CR and 23 patients (21.6%) achieved a partial remission for an overall response rate of 74.4%. Sixteen patients failed to respond and died in progressive disease 1 to 10 months (median 6 months) after ABMT. High-dose therapy produced severe toxicity including vomiting (100%), mucositis (75%) and liver enzymes and alkaline phosphatase elevations (51%). There were 10 treatment-related deaths. A multivariate analysis identified poor performance status and resistant-relapse patients as very important adverse risk factors for survival immediately after ABMT. These results, while validating this procedure for inducing remissions in advanced highly-treated patients, at the same time confirm the need of employing this approach in first relapse or in second complete remission after standard therapy and before ABMT or, in first complete remission in very high risk Hodgkin's disease patients. Our experience in 15 very poor prognosis Hodgkin's disease patients transplanted in first CR demonstrated to be much significant.
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PMID:Nine years' experience with ABMT in 128 patients with Hodgkin's disease: an Italian study group report. 189 Aug 70

This is a retrospective study of 27 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) seen over a period of 7 years. There were 10 males and 17 females whose ages ranged from 5 to 86 years (mean 56). Fever, abdominal pain and vomiting were the commonest symptoms, and abdominal tenderness was the commonest physical finding. An elevated alkaline phosphatase was seen in 78% of all patients and was the commonest biochemical abnormality. Biliary disease accounted for a third of all cases, and in 22% of the patients the abscesses were considered to be idiopathic. Ultrasonography and/or CT scanning was employed in the diagnosis and follow-up of all patients. Percutaneous needle aspiration (PNA) and percutaneous drainage (PCD) under ultrasound or CT guidance was employed as the primary therapy in 24 patients. The procedure failed in 5 patients (18.5%), there was 1 complication (3.7%) and no deaths were seen as a result of these procedures. Three patients (11%) ultimately died of their abscesses. This study emphasizes the important role of percutaneous drainage as a complementary form of therapy to surgical drainage in the management of pyogenic liver abscesses.
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PMID:Pyogenic liver abscess: a 7-year experience in a large community hospital. 193 79

We describe the clinical features, liver histology, and ultrastructure in reversible diclofenac-induced hepatitis and review previous reports of this entity. Although rarely reported, diclofenac hepatitis may be severe, and even fatal. Symptoms, which develop from 1 week to 11 months after starting the drug, include jaundice, pruritus, fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and rash. Bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase are mildly elevated, transaminases often markedly so. The nature of the idiosyncratic injury appears variable, some cases having features of a hypersensitivity reaction, most being more suggestive of a toxic metabolic effect. Light microscopy shows a nonspecific hepatitis with portal and lobular activity, and focal hepatocellular injury that may progress to zonal or massive necrosis. The ultrastructural features in our case are typical of drug or toxin injury. This may be of value in distinguishing this entity from other forms of hepatitis, which is important in view of the frequent reversibility of this potentially lethal form of injury.
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PMID:Reversible hepatitis associated with diclofenac. 203 30

The subacute toxicity of compound 1 was investigated in rats and dogs. Compound 1 was administered orally to rats of both sexes at daily doses of 0.5, 1.0 or 2.5 g/kg for 3 months. No change attributable to the administration of compound 1 was found either in blood count or in histopathological examination. Decreases in SGPT, alkaline phosphatase and lactic acid dehydrogenase and an increase in serum cholesterol were detected. Compound 1 was mixed with food and given to dogs of both sexes daily at doses of 0.2 or 0.5 g/kg for 3 months. Severe toxic symptoms including anorexia, emesis, ataxia and convulsive seizures were observed. A decrease in SGPT and increase in alkaline phosphatase were also detected. Hyperemia of the duodenal mucosa and severe kidney lesions were found in histopathological examination. Neither abnormality of appearance nor histopathological change was found in a pig receiving compound 1 at the daily dose of 0.1 g/kg for 3 months. The results suggest that there are differences of compound 1 metabolism among the species used in this study.
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PMID:[Species differences in subacute toxicity of pyrrole aldehyde N4-(4-methoxyphenyl) semicarbazone]. 215 Dec 66

A drug schedule has been devised based on a strategy of G2 blockade followed by prolonged infusion of tubulin-binding agents. The regimen consists of doxorubicin 32 mg/m2 i.v. and cyclophosphamide 320 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 followed by vinblastine (0.3 to 1.2 mg/m2/day), cisplatin (3 to 12 mg/m2/day), and vincristine (0.04 to 0.16 mg/m2/day) by continuous intravenous infusion on days 5 to 12. Courses are repeated every 28 days. Eighteen patients with advanced solid tumors received 37 courses of chemotherapy in a pilot study to determine safe drug concentrations for the three-drug infusion for 7 days. Dose limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. Patients who received prior mitomycin-C experienced more profound thrombocytopenia than those who did not. Nonhematologic toxicities included mild nausea, vomiting, and transient elevations of serum alkaline phosphatase and serum creatinine. One patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus who erroneously received vincristine 0.8 mg/m2 instead of 0.08 mg/m2 for 4 1/2 days developed transient myalgia, ileus, and a transient peripheral neuropathy; the patient achieved a sustained complete remission for 15 months and died of unrelated causes. Minor responses and stable disease were seen in two patients with renal cell carcinoma (1 and 2.5 months), three patients with colorectal carcinoma (1.5, 2, and 4 months), and one patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (2 months). The ViVACCy drug regimen can be given without undue toxicity and may be active in solid tumors.
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PMID:ViVACCy--a drug schedule based on G2 blockade and prolonged infusion of multiple tubulin-binding agents. A pilot study. 219 39

We reviewed retrospectively a cohort of 80 patients with hyperemesis gravidarum hospitalized between 1976 and 1986 for the presence of abnormal liver enzymes and ketonuria. Thirteen (16%) had abnormal liver enzymes, generally less than four times the upper limit of normal. In this group, hyperemesis gravidarum began at the 14th week of pregnancy as compared to the 6th week in the normal enzyme group (p less than 0.01). Both groups were similar with regard to age, number of children and pregnancies, and duration of vomiting. Ketonuria was significantly more severe (p less than 0.01) in the abnormal enzyme group, implying a more severe state of starvation and dehydration. The correlation coefficient between the degree of ketonuria and level of liver enzymes was low for alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.18), GPT (r = 0.15), and GOT (r = 0.28). The concept that dehydration and starvation are important factors for the induction of liver cell injury is supported by our data. Lack of correlation between the degree of ketonuria and liver enzyme levels is suggestive of other mechanisms (hormonal, genetic) that may interact to produce transaminasemia.
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PMID:Abnormal liver enzymes and ketonuria in hyperemesis gravidarum. A retrospective review of 80 patients. 236 99

Sixteen previously treated (with only one prior regimen) patients with histologically proven metastatic or locally recurrent colorectal carcinoma were treated with recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) administered by 30-minute i.v. infusions twice daily for 5 consecutive days every other week for 8 weeks. Patients received 100 micrograms/m2 twice daily on day 1 of cycle 1 with escalation to 150 micrograms/m2 twice daily thereafter. Patients were concomitantly treated with indomethacin 25 mg every 6 hours and acetaminophen 650 mg every 4 hours to obviate fever and chills. Toxicities included: nausea/vomiting (69%), headache (25%), chills (69%), pain at tumor sites (63%), hypotension (31%), and hypertension (38%). Hematologic toxicity included leukopenia less than 2000 cells/mm3 (38%) and thrombocytopenia less than 100,000 cells/mm3 (13%). Liver function abnormalities occurred independently of the site or extent of metastatic disease and inconsistently in each treatment cycle. Four patients developed bilirubinemia greater than 2.5 x baseline values (range, 2.5 to 10.3 U/L); five patients had greater than 2.5 x elevations in alkaline phosphatase (range, 624 to 1663 U/L). Two patients developed retinal vein thrombosis in the absence of hemostatic abnormalities. In both instances, this complication occurred several weeks after completion of therapy. No objective responses were noted in 14 evaluable patients (95% confidence interval: 0 to 0.23). Three patients had stable disease for a median duration of 4.5 months. In conclusion, i.v. rTNF at this dose and schedule has no demonstrable antitumor efficacy. Twice-daily i.v. administration of this agent is associated with more hepatotoxicity than previously reported in trials using subcutaneous or once daily i.v. administration. Retinal vein thrombosis may be a late complication of i.v. rTNF at this dose and schedule.
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PMID:A phase II trial of recombinant tumor necrosis factor in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. 238 95


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