Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficiency of antiemetic drugs was investigated in 36 children with neoplasia (mainly of hematopoietic system) in the course of 83 cycles of chemotherapy. The following antiemetic drugs were investigated: Fenactil (brand of chlorpromazine), Torecan (brand of thienylpromazine maleate), Aviomarin (brand of dimenhydrinate), Decadron (brand of dexamethasone), Primperan (brand of metoclopramid), and placebo. The most efficient was dexamethasone which prevented vomiting in 54% cycles of chemotherapy and diminished their intensity in the remaining cycles. No adverse reactions were noted. Efficacy of Fenactil, Torecan, Aviomarin, and Primperan was similar to that of placebo.
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PMID:[Assessment of the efficacy of drugs used in prevention of vomiting during anticancer therapy in children]. 226 93

Comparative study was performed for assessing the postoperative anti-emetic and emesis preventive effect of domperidone. It has been found that the emesis preventive effect of Motilium tablet is identical with the effect of the well known Daedalon (Dramamin) and Torecan. From the therapeutic aspect it is of value especially in controlling nausea and in the prevention of subsequent vomiting following the use of rectal anti-emetics. This difference is attributable to the oral route of administration. Considering the lack of toxic effects domperidone is the most favourable.
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PMID:The importance of domperidone (Motilium) in controlling postoperative nausea and vomiting. 228 18

Royal Made Ping An Dan (PAD) is a royal clandestine prescription of the Qing Dynasty Imperial hospital for emperors, empresses, ministers, imperial maids and eunuchs. Experimental study confirmed; (1) PAD had apparent peripheral effect in inhibiting vomiting and improving mental state (P < 0.05). (2) PAD possessed markedly sedative effect (P < 0.05). (3) PAD was able to strengthen the defence ability of gastric mucosa and decreased its damage induced by chemical irritation. (4) PAD could markedly relieve the spasm of intestinal smooth muscle in vitro. (5) PAD could inhibit the growth of common pathogenic bacteria in intestine and stomach such as B. coli and B. dysenteriae. (6) The study of toxicology suggested that PAD was safe for clinical use. The clinical results showed that PAD possessed the effect in preventing 274 persons on motion sickness. The total effective rate of PAD group was 83.9%, while that of Dramamine group was 60.8%. PAD revealed better effect than that of Dramamine. Therefore, the authors realize that PAD is a better preventive drug for motion sickness.
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PMID:[Clinical and experimental studies on royal made ping an dan in preventing motion sickness]. 849 29

Dimenhydrinate, an H1-receptor antagonist, has been used to both prevent and treat postoperative vomiting (POV) in children for several decades. However, its effectiveness for POV after strabismus surgery remains anecdotal. This study was designed to determine the effectiveness and side effects of dimenhydrinate for the prevention of POV in children after strabismus surgery. Eighty ASA physical status I or II children, ages 1-12 yr inclusive, who were undergoing strabismus surgery, were prospectively and randomly allocated to receive either dimenhydrinate 0.5 mg/kg intravenously (n = 40) or placebo (n = 40) at induction of anesthesia. The incidence of POV and the times to arousal (and discharge from the recovery room and hospital) were recorded postoperatively in a double blinded manner. For 24 h after discharge from the hospital, all emetic episodes and medications given were recorded by the parents. Demographic data did not differ between the groups. Children who received dimenhydrinate had significantly less POV both inhospital (10%) and overall (30%) than those who received placebo (in-hospital 38%, P < 0.008; overall 65%, P < 0.003). The times to arousal and discharge from the hospital did not differ between the two groups. Dimenhydrinate (0.5 mg/kg) is an effective, safe, and inexpensive antiemetic in children undergoing strabismus surgery. It significantly reduces the incidence of vomiting for 24 h postoperatively and is not associated with prolonged sedation or other adverse effects.
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PMID:Dimenhydrinate decreases vomiting after strabismus surgery in children. 861 88

The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) has not decreased significantly for decades. This study was done to evaluate whether there is a standard method or a preferred substance in German hospitals in the prophylaxis and treatment of PONV. Twenty-one randomly selected hospitals were asked to give details about substances, doses and application times and forms in PONV prophylaxis and treatment. Most of the patients with a high risk of emesis were treated prophylactically with droperidol. Dosage and time of application were different in each hospital. Metoclopramide was the second most frequently used substance for both prophylaxis and treatment. Dimenhydrinate, triflupromaxzine, promethazine and acupuncture were used less commonly in prophylaxis. Alizapride and ondansetron were used to treat PONV in only two hospitals. Summarising, this study found no routine standard in the prophylaxis and therapy of PONV. Droperidol and metoclopramide were the most frequently used antiemetics. An overview of the antiemetics involved is given.
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PMID:[Clinical use of antiemetic drugs for prevention and therapy of postoperative nausea and vomiting]. 909 Sep 49

Dimenhydrinate is an inexpensive antihistaminic drug, that is frequently used as an anti-emetic during anaesthesia. The popularity of the drug is contrasted by the lack of modern studies concerning its efficacy in reducing the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting. Thus, dimenhydrinate was compared with placebo in this prospective, randomized, double-blind study. One hundred and thirty-three female in-patients were studied. They were stratified according to the type of surgery (laparoscopic cholecystectomy, thyroid resection or knee arthroscopy) to ensure an homogeneous distribution in both groups. General anaesthesia was induced with etomidate, fentanyl, vecuronium and maintained with enflurane in N2O/O2. Neuromuscular block was reversed with pyridostigmine/atropine. Patients in the dimenhydrinate group (n = 67) received 62 mg dimenhydrinate intravenously after induction of anaesthesia. Placebo patients (n = 66) received saline. Administration of dimenhydrinate (and placebo) was repeated three times during the 48-h study to mitigate the short half-life of the drug. Post-operative analgesia and anti-emetic rescue medication was standardized. Episodes of vomiting, retching and the need for additional anti-emetics were recorded. Nausea was assessed using a 10-cm visual analogue scale. Post-operative nausea and vomiting was rated as 'none', 'mild', 'moderate' and 'severe' using a fixed scoring algorithm. There were no differences between the two groups with regard to biometric data, type of surgery and distribution of risk factors for developing post-operative nausea and vomiting. In the dimenhydrinate group, more patients remained completely free from post-operative nausea and vomiting compared with placebo (dimenhydrinate: 38.8%; placebo: 15.1%; P = 0.004). The incidence of severe post-operative nausea and vomiting was also reduced from 39.4% to 14.9%. No relevant side effects were observed. Intra-operative dimenhydrinate, followed by three further administrations after surgery, reduces the incidence and the severity of post-operative nausea and vomiting without side effects. However, there still remained an unacceptable high number of patients who were not prevented completely from experiencing post-operative nausea and vomiting.
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PMID:Dimenhydrinate for prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in female in-patients. 1039 Jun 62

Droperidol and dimenhydrinate are inexpensive antiemetic drugs. Droperidol, especially, has been studied extensively, but there are no studies on the combination of both drugs for prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting. One hundred and forty male hospitalized patients undergoing nasal surgery were randomized to receive one of four anti-emetic regimes: placebo, dimenhydrinate (1 mg kg-1), droperidol (15 micrograms kg-1), or the combination of both drugs (droperidol 15 micrograms kg-1 + dimenhydrinate 1 mg kg-1) administered after induction of anaesthesia. Patients in the dimenhydrinate-group and the combination-group received a second dose of dimenhydrinate 6 h after the first administration to mitigate the short half-life of the drug. For general anaesthesia a standardized technique, including benzodiazepine premedication, propofol, desflurane in N2O/O2, vecuronium, and a continuous infusion of remifentanil, was used. Post-operative analgesia and anti-emetic rescue medication were standardized. Episodes of vomiting, retching, nausea, and the need for additional anti-emetics were recorded for 24 h. The main endpoint of this study was the number of patients who were completely free of post-operative nausea and vomiting (Fisher's Exact Test). Furthermore, the severity of post-operative nausea and vomiting was analysed using a standardized scoring algorithm. The incidence of patients completely free of post-operative nausea and vomiting was 62.9% in the placebo-group, 77.1% in the dimenhydrinate-group (P = 0.21), and 82.9% in the droperidol-group (P = 0.07). This increased to 94.3% in the combination-group (P = 0.0015). In all three treatment groups the severity of post-operative nausea and vomiting was reduced significantly compared with placebo treatment (P = 0.0003). The incidence of side effects was similar in the four groups. Dimenhydrinate was ineffective in reducing the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting and droperidol only reduced the severity of post-operative nausea and vomiting. However, the combination of both drugs significantly reduces the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting when compared with placebo treatment.
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PMID:Droperidol and dimenhydrinate alone or in combination for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting after nasal surgery in male patients. 1071 74

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are the most common side effects following anesthesia. It is unpleasant for the patients and has significant impact on postoperative well-being. After ophthalmic surgery arterial hypertension caused by retching and vomiting can cause intraocular bleeding with detrimental effects on the result of surgery. It is possible to identify risk patients who are likely to develop PONV. In these patients antiemetic prophylaxis is indicated, but the extreme age of patients (geriatric patients with relevant comorbidity and children) undergoing (ambulatory) ophthalmic procedures must be considered. Furthermore, antiemetics should be free from side effects, especially sedating effects, since these procedures are often performed on an outpatient basis. Regional or local anesthesia is the method of choice. However, when general anesthesia is necessary avoidance of volatile anesthetics, nitrous oxide, and administration of 5-HT(3) antagonists is recommended. Also, dexamethasone is a potent antiemetic drug that can favorably be combined with the 5-HT(3) antagonists. Dimenhydrinate is well accepted and an effective antiemetic for pediatric patients. By combining these antiemetic measures PONV can be lowered to a clinically satisfying level even in high-risk patients.
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PMID:[Prophylaxis and treatment of nausea and vomiting after outpatient ophthalmic surgery]. 1499 16

Dimenhydrinate overdosage in a 3(1/2) year-old-girl with dilative cardiomyopathy. Dimenhydrinate (Vomex(R)) is frequently used in the treatment of sickness and vomiting. The symptoms of overdosage present like an anticholinergic syndrome. We report on the clinical findings of an intoxication with dimenhydrinate in a 3(1/2) year-old-girl with functional dilative cardiomyopathy following a congenital left ventricular diverticle. Especially in small children, with the application of 40 mg suppositories once or twice per day the maximum dose of 3.75 mg/kgBW/d is achieved.
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PMID:[Dimenhydrinate overdosage in a 3(1/2) year-old-girl with dilative cardiomyopathy]. 1824 Jan 10

Nausea and vomiting are frequent symptoms in emergency medicine and require a targeted drug intervention. Despite known disadvantages in terms of efficacy and side effects, metoclopramide is still often used in the emergency medical service to treat nausea and vomiting. Recent studies show that, especially in the therapy of opioid-triggered vomiting, metoclopramide is not significantly effective when compared to placebo. Dimenhydrinate seems to be an effective drug for various forms of nausea, but can often be relatively or absolutely contraindicated in emergency medicine due to its sedative effect. Based on a literature review, 5-HT3-antagonists appear to be a good alternative for the treatment of emesis in the emergency service. However, as for all antiemetics, the maximum dosage and potential side effects need to be paid attention to. In addition, neither of the 5-HT3-antagonists are approved for therapy of non-chemotherapy-induced vomiting or PONV. In conclusion, it may be considered to include 5-HT3-antagonists in addition to dimenhydrinate in the ambulance medical equipment. The routine use of a specific antiemetic is not recommended.
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PMID:[Antiemetic therapy in preclinical emergency medicine - a literature review]. 2591 20


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