Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A thirty three-year-old male complaining of vomiting was diagnosed as having type 3 advanced gastric cancer of upper stomach and multiple liver metastasis, and had undergone total gastrectomy. The conclusive stage was P2H2n4se stage IVb. Intraoperatively, ethanol injection was performed for the liver metastasis under ultrasonography, and CDDP 100 mg was injected into the intra-abdominal cavity. Postoperative adjuvant therapy was added using oral fluorouracil and OK-432. Then we utilized FP chemotherapy (consisting of 5-FU and cisplatin) and radiotherapy for the bone metastasis. The patient survived 4 years and 4 months with good quality of life.
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PMID:[A case of advanced gastric cancer responding to chemotherapy and radiotherapy]. 867 4

From March 1992 to May 1994, 105 patients with esophageal carcinoma patients were treated with CF/5-Fu-DDP (group A, n = 40) or 5-Fu-DDP (group B, n = 65) protocol. The response rate (CR+PR) was 80% in group A and 60% in group B. (P < 0.01) Induction chemotherapy was followed by surgery or radiation therapy. The incidence of nausea, vomiting, cardiotoxicity and leukopenina was higher in group A than in group B. Buccal mucositis, diarrhea, abdomenal pain and skin pigmentation were noted only in group A. However, the toxic effects were tolerable. The results suggest that the CF/5-Fu-DDP regimen is more effective than 5-Fu-DDP regimen and may be one of the best chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of esophageal carcinoma.
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PMID:[CF/5-FU-DDP therapy for esophageal carcinoma]. 869 76

To evaluate ambulatory cancer chemotherapy, the clinical response, toxicities and survival time were analysed among 32 patients with non-curative or recurrent colorectal cancer who were treated by l-Leucovorin (l-LV) plus 5-fluorouracil for the past four years. Twenty-nine patients were treated with 5-FU (370 mg/m2) plus l-LV (10-100 mg/m2) for 5 consecutive days and a 23-day interval between treatments. Three patients were treated with l-LV (250 mg/m2) administered as a two-hour infusion and 5-FU (600 mg/m2) intravenous push midinfusion weekly for 6 weeks of an 8-week cycle. Partial response (PR) was observed in 9 patients (28%), no change (NC) in 18. One-year survival ratio was 61% and 4 of 32 patients survived at the end of this study. The median survival time was 14 months. Although stomatitis, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, leukopenia and pigmentation were noted, no severe side effects were observed. These results suggested that l-LV plus 5-FU therapy might be a useful ambulatory cancer chemotherapy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical study of ambulatory cancer chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer]. 884 91

Thirteen patients with localized unresectable pancreas carcinoma were treated with a combination of accelerated radiotherapy and 5-fluorouracil. Radiotherapy consisted in 3 fractions of 1.1 Gy per day during 3 weeks up to a total dose of 45-50 Gy. 5-Fluorouracil was administered as continuous infusion in a dosis of 25 mg/kg/24 h the first and the third week concomitantly to radiotherapy. Grade 3 mucositis, diarrhoea and nausea/vomiting were observed in 15% of the patients. Eleven patients completed the treatment without modifications and in two patients the dose of 5-fluorouracil was reduced to 75% during the third week of treatment. Radiotherapy was always administered as planned. Median survival was 36 weeks.
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PMID:Pilot study in locally advanced unresectable pancreas carcinoma using a combination of accelerated radiotherapy and continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil. 894 Jul 51

The activity and toxicity of UFT (Tegafur and Uracil) in a 4:1 molar concentration, plus leucovorin (LV), were evaluated in the treatment of 45 patients with advanced, bidimensionally measurable metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Initially 350 and later 300 mg/m2/day, plus 150 mg LV, as administered in divided doses every 8 h for 28 days. After two courses of treatment, responses were evaluated. The overall response rate was 42.2%, with responses observed in liver (n = 18), lung (n = 6), and bone (n = 1). Five of the 7 patients who received 350 mg/m2 UFT experienced prolonged grade 3 diarrhea, resulting in a dose reduction to 300 mg/m2; 9 patients in the 300-mg/m2 group experienced grade 3 diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, and fatigue. Minor toxic effects included oral mucositis and rash. The oral regimen of 300 mg/m2/day UFT, plus 150 mg/day LV, administered for 28 days appears to have significant activity against metastatic colorectal carcinoma. The treatment is well tolerated; neutropenia did not occur, and oral mucositis was not significant, even though both are characteristic of intravenous schedules of 5-fluorouracil plus LV. The results of this trial constitutes the basis of phase III clinical trials comparing this oral schedule with intravenous 5-FU and LV to compare clinical efficacy, impact on well-being, and cost. In addition, the current National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) adjuvant colon clinical trial (CO-6) will compare this 28-day schedule of UFT plus oral leucovorin with a weekly regimen of intravenous 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin in the postoperative adjuvant therapy of Dukes' B and C colon cancer patients.
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PMID:Phase II study of UFT plus leucovorin in colorectal cancer. 897 80

We tried home anti-cancer chemotherapy for patients with advanced or recurrent cancer of the digestive system, using two disposable balloon pumps connected to an implantable drug delivery system via central venous line. There were 33 patients under 75 years old, including 20 cases of gastric cancer, 9 cases of colorectal cancer, 2 cases of cholangiocarcinoma and 2 cases of esophageal cancer enrolled in this study. The protocol was combined chemotherapy with continuous intravenous infusion of 5-FU (300 mg/body/day) and low-dose intravenous injection of cisplatin (5 mg/body/day) in 10-day courses for two weeks, and it was repeated 3 times for 6 weeks. Because of side effects such as nausea, vomiting and bone marrow suppression, treatment was discontinued in 12 cases with peritoneal cancer infiltration. In two of 10 with estimable disease, the reduction of the metastatic lymph node was observed, but no effect was shown in the colorectal metastatic liver tumor. Thanks to the portability of the pump with this method, the patient need not undergo hospitalization. Moreover, there is no renal dysfunction or other major side effects, quality of life is not compromised and a return to family and social life is possible. Thus, if the patient cannot take the oral nutrition, it is easy to start home hyper-alimentation.
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PMID:[Trial of home anti-cancer chemotherapy with infusion of 5-FU and low-dose cisplatin]. 898 9

In Japan, 5-FU/5-FU derivatives or the combination therapy of CAF (cyclophosphamide, CPA; adriamycin, ADM; 5-fluorouracil; 5-FU) have been commonly used for the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Recently, a combination of CEF (CPA; Epirubicin, EPI; 5-FU) has come to the stage of adjuvant setting, because the cardiotoxicity was reduced in EPI. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of 6 cycles of CEF (CPA 700 mg/m2, EPI 70 mg/m2, 5-FU 700 mg/m2; day 1 iv every 3-4 weeks) in the adjuvant treatment of primary breast cancer patients with nodal involvements. All 12 patients completed 6 cycles of CEF within 8 months. The median treatment duration was 6.2 months. More than Grade III side effects of neutropenia, nausea/vomiting and alopecia were observed in 7/12 (58.3%), 5/12 (41.7%) and 12/12 (100%), respectively. No serious side effects, including cardiotoxicity, were shown. CEF seems to be feasible regimen as an adjuvant treatment for breast cancer.
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PMID:[The feasibility of CEF (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, 5-FU) regimen in the adjuvant setting of primary breast cancer]. 912 4

We previously reported results of a Phase II trial of UFT [Taiho Pharmaceutical Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; (BMS-200604) Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ], an oral 4:1 molar concentration of uracil and tegafur, plus oral leucovorin for metastatic colorectal carcinoma (Pazdur et al., J. Clin. Oncol. 12:2296-2300, 1994]. Our results demonstrated that a 28-day schedule of this combination produced a response rate similar to that obtained with conventional intravenous fluorouracil (5-FU)-plus-leucovorin regimens but without the severe or life-threatening neutropenia or oral mucositis that complicates intravenous 5-FU regimens. The current Phase I trial examines the dose-limiting toxic effects and maximum tolerated dose of a 14-consecutive-day schedule of UFT plus oral leucovorin in 14 patients who had histologically proven cancer and had received prior chemotherapy. The daily UFT plus leucovorin dose was divided into three doses administered orally every 8 hours. In this study, the UFT dose was escalated while the leucovorin dose remained at 150 mg/day. Of the 14 patients, 4 were initially treated at the 350-mg/m2/day UFT level for 14 days without any dose-limiting toxic reactions. Subsequently, another 7 patients were treated at the 400-mg/m2/day level; grade 3 diarrhea developed in 3 of these 7 (with severe abdominal cramping in 2 cases and severe nausea and vomiting unresponsive to antiemetics in the third). To better define the starting dose for phase II studies, an additional 3 patients were treated at the 350-mg/m2/day dose level. Of the total 7 patients treated at 350 mg/m2/day, grade 3 toxic events (diarrhea) developed in 2 patients. Grade 1-2 toxic effects noted at this level included fatigue, stomatitis, skin rash, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Neither partial nor complete responses were observed in this trial. The maximum tolerated dose of this schedule is 350 mg/m2/day UFT plus 150 mg/day oral leucovorin. However, because of this schedule's inferior dose intensity compared with that of the 28-day schedule of UFT plus leucovorin, subsequent development of UFT in the United States has focused on the 28-day regimen.
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PMID:Phase I trial of uracil-tegafur (UFT) plus oral leucovorin: 14-day schedule. 922 Feb 91

A total of 55 patients with measurable colorectal metastatic carcinoma were studied to evaluate the impact on toxicity, response, and survival of protracted venous infusion (PVI) 5-FU 200 mg/m2 per day with Cis-DDP 80 mg/m2 or carboplatin 300 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, 1-hour infusion. Patients received continuous uninterrupted therapy until there were signs or symptoms of toxicity. Both 5-FU and cisplatin were withheld when patients experienced grade II stomatitis and diarrhea, severe nausea or vomiting not controlled by standard antiemetic therapy, and clinically significant hand-foot syndrome. The toxicity was neurological (20% grade 2 and 3) hematological (13% grade 2) and dermatological (11% grade 2). The overall response (CR+PR) was 24% with a median survival of 13 months. The results of our study show that there is no improvement in response rate, response duration or survival compared with historical trials. However, this study does confirm the valuable palliative role of the protracted 5-FU infusion treatment. Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common neoplasms in Western societies, being second only to lung cancer as a cause of death from malignancy. The management of nonmetastatic primary disease in surgical, with adjuvant chemotherapy for those at high risk of relapse. However, for those with metastatic disease at diagnosis or recurrent disease after resection, cytotoxic chemotherapy is the treatment of choice and fluorouracil (5-FU) is the most active cytotoxic agent in this disease, with a response rate of approximately 20%. Efforts to improve the response rate have focused on the use of agents to modulate 5 FU. The Southwestern Oncology Group (SWOG) study reported by Leichman et al. (1) and a study from the United Kingdom by Hill et al. (2) compared conventional FU to modulated FU and found no improvement in response rate or survival. In the SWOG study, two different schedules of bolus FU and LV were compared with bolus FU alone and to continuous infusion FU administered alone or modulated by LV or PALA. In this study, the results obtained with bolus FU were superior to most of the studies in the literature: The response rate was 26%, and the median survival was 14 months. The high- and low-dose LV and FU groups showed response rates and survival similar to bolus FU alone. However, in 12 previously reported randomized studies comparing FU and LV or FU alone, nine reported that the combination of FU and LV produced significant increases in response rates and two reported significant increase in survival (3, 4). Many of these trials used the dose schedules reported in the SWOG trial. Protracted venous infusion (PVI) 5-FU has been shown to have superior efficacy with less toxicity in colorectal cancer when compared to bolus 5-FU and synergy between cisplatin and 5-FU has been demonstrated in vitro. Consequently, we have investigated the efficacy of the combination of bolus cis or carboplatin and PVI 5 FU in 55 patients with advanced colorectal cancer using survival, response rate, symptomatic response, and toxicity as study endpoints.
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PMID:First-line protracted venous infusion fluorouracil with CisDDP or carboplatin in advanced colorectal cancer. 922 28

5-Fluorouracil in combination with leucovorin has been shown to be active in therapeutic trials of metastatic colorectal carcinoma. In this study, we administered these drugs to 72 patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Thirty-six of them without previous exposure to 5-fluorouracil were treated with weekly bolus injections of 5-fluorouracil (425 mg/m2) and leucovorin (25 mg/m2) supplemented with oral levamisole. Another 36 patients with or without prior 5-fluorouracil treatment received 5-fluorouracil 3,000 mg/m2 and leucovorin 300 mg/m2 in a 48-hour continuous infusion every two weeks. Clinical efficacy and toxicity were assessed by WHO criteria. Variables were tested for relations to response and survival by univariate and multivariate analysis. The response rate was 19.4% in weekly bolus arm and 13.9% in biweekly high-dose infusion arm (P = 0.527). Median survivals in the two arms were 18.4 months (weekly) and 21 months (biweekly) respectively (P = 0.708). Gastrointestinal side effects including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and mucositia were the major toxicities of these regimens. By multivariate analysis, the only factor to influence response rate was the site of metastases (P = 0.009). The only factor to affect survival was performance status of the patient (P = 0.0001). We concluded that the two 5-fluorouracil based regimens are well-tolerated and shown to have a response rate comparable with previous reports of similar regimens in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Only liver metastases seemed to have a better response to therapy. Performance status is the most important prognostic factor in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
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PMID:Factors predictive of response and survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in Taiwan. 925 73


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