Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was undertaken to evaluate the toxicity of sequential half-body irradiation (SHBI) and combination chemotherapy (5-FU, VM-26 and BCNU) in patients who had failed primary aggressive therapy for their Ewing's sarcoma. A secondary goal was to evaluate the response of these previously treated patients to the combination of systemic radiation and multi-agent chemotherapy. The first patient in the study was treated with SHBI only and died 139 days following retreatment. Four subsequent patients successfully received the first cycle of combination chemotherapy. However, only one completed both upper and lower half-body irradiation while the remaining three patients, because of rapid progression of their disease, completed either the upper or the lower portion of their half-body irradiation (HBI). The time from retreatment to disease progression in these four patients ranged from 45 to 97 days (mean 79 days) and the time from retreatment to death ranged from 72 to 193 days (mean 126 days). The combination chemotherapy was tolerated well by all the patients, and the SHBI was accompanied by mild nausea and some vomiting within the first few hours following treatment. Failure to give the second half of the half-body irradiation and to complete further chemotherapy in three of the patients was a result of the progressive nature of the patients' disease and not to any limitations imposed by poor blood counts. Half-body irradiation provided good pain relief within 24 hours for all of the patients. Systemic radiation contributes to the palliative treatment of patients with failed Ewing's sarcoma, but appears to be relatively ineffective when the tumor burden is high.
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PMID:Sequential half-body irradiation (SHBI) and combination chemotherapy as salvage treatment for failed Ewing's sarcoma--a pilot study. 621 Feb 81

5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine (DFUR) is a new fluoropyrimidine derivative with significant antineoplastic activity in animal systems. Compared to 5-FU or other fluoropyrimidines, DFUR has a more favorable therapeutic ratio in Sarcoma 180-bearing mice. DFUR was studied in this phase I trial with a daily x 5 bolus iv injection. A second course was given greater than or equal to 3 weeks after the first day of treatment. Doses were escalated from 300 to 5000 mg/m2/day in 30 patients. Dose-limiting factors were myelosuppression and stomatitis. Hematologic toxic effects were particularly marked on granulocytes. Thrombocytopenia was less frequently encountered. Stomatitis was severe at high doses of DFUR. Eleven patients had nausea or moderate vomiting. Drug-induced myocardial injury may exist, since electrocardiogram changes were recorded in two patients. After rapid iv injection, four patients felt hot in the face and pelvis. Other side effects were minimal. With this daily x 5 schedule of administration, the maximum tolerated dose of DFUR appeared to be 5000 mg/m2/day. The dose recommended for further clinical use is 4000 mg/m2/day x 5 for patients previously untreated with chemotherapy.
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PMID:Phase I clinical study with 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine, a new fluoropyrimidine derivative. 621 Dec 32

A phase I study of a new floxuridine derivative, FF-705, was performed in patients with various types of solid tumors. Efficacy of single oral administration with dose range of 300 to 700 mg/body was studied in 12 patients. At a dose of 500 mg/body transient increases of s GOT and s GPT were noted in one patient and, of 700 mg/body, nausea, vomiting or stomach dullness sensation was noted in two patients. The maximum tolerated dose was considered to be 700 mg/body or more. The dose limiting factor was a gastrointestinal toxicity. Oral administration in five consecutive days was studied in 23 patients to doses ranging 100 to 700 mg/body. The incidence of side effects were increased with dose escalation, and at a dose of 700 mg/body side effects were seen in all patients. The maximum tolerated dose was considered to be 700 mg/body/day, and the dose limiting factor was gastrointestinal toxicity. The optimal dose of FF-705 for consecutive administration is considered to be within the range of 200 to 300mg/body/day. Serum and urine concentrations of metabolites were assayed in 7 patients receiving single dose of 600 mg/body. In all patients serum concentration of floxuridine (FUDR) was higher than that of 5-FU and other metabolites at all points of measurement. The highest concentration of FUDR was detected at 2 hours after drug administration and the mean value was 0.04 microgram/ml. The main metabolite in the urine was 5'-acetyl-FUDR which was excreted 0.8% to the dose for 24 hours. The other metabolites were excreted less than 0.2%.
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PMID:[Phase I study of a new floxuridine derivative, 2'-deoxy-3', 5'-di-O-acetyl-5-fluoro-3-(3-methylbenzoyl)uridine (FF-705)]. 623 54

EST 5275 is a phase II and III study of fluorouracil plus streptozocin (5-FU plus STZ) or doxorubicin in patients with measurable progressive carcinoid tumor. Among one hundred seventy-two cases with no prior chemotherapy and no heart disease, the response rate was 22% for 5-FU plus STZ and 21% for doxorubicin, while the median response duration and median survival were 31 weeks and 64 weeks for the combination and 26 weeks and 48 weeks for doxorubicin. Thirty-three patients who failed 5-FU plus STZ crossed over to doxorubicin and achieved an 18% response. Of the thirty-five patients who failed on doxorubicin, 29% responded to 5-FU plus STZ. Hematologic toxicity was similar for both treatments; however, the 5-FU plus STZ patients experienced more vomiting but acceptable renal toxicity. Both chemotherapy regimens have antitumor activity in carcinoid tumors.
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PMID:Streptozocin plus fluorouracil versus doxorubicin therapy for metastatic carcinoid tumor. 623 36

A phase II trial of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR), a new fluorinated pyrimidine analog which has been demonstrated to have potential superiority over 5-FU and tegafur for chemotherapy of murine tumors, was performed in patients with advanced non-small cell carcinoma of the lung and metastatic pulmonary tumors. 5'-DFUR at a dose of 800 mg/m2 was given per os every day for more than four weeks. None of 15 evaluable patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung and 15 evaluable patients with metastatic pulmonary tumors showed a complete or partial response. Toxic effects of 5'-DFUR included anorexia (29%), diarrhea (26%), nausea (23%), vomiting (10%), leukocytopenia (10%), general fatigue (10%), liver disorder (6%) and thrombocytopenia (6%).
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PMID:Phase II study of oral administration of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) for solid tumors. 624 May 46

Fifty-six patients with extensive (52 with TNM stage III M1 disease and four with TNM stage III M0 disease) adenocarcinoma (46 patients) and large cell undifferentiated carcinoma (ten patients) of the lung were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of 5-FU, vincristine, and mitomycin C (FOMi). The patients had not received prior chemotherapy. The overall response rate was 41% (23 of 56 patients). Four patients achieved a complete response and 19 achieved a partial response. In 12 patients the disease was stable. Response did not vary by cell type: adenocarcinoma, 18 of 43 patients (42%); large cell carcinoma, four of ten (40%); and alveolar cell carcinoma, one of three (33%). The response varied by initial performance status. For a Karnofsky score of greater than or equal to 70%, 20 of 41 patients (49%) responded, while for a Karnofsky score of less than 70%, three of 15 patients (20%) responded (P = 0.22). Survival was improved for responding patients regardless of initial performance status. The median survival duration was 24 weeks for the entire group of patients treated with FOMi. Survival of the responders (complete response plus partial response) was significantly improved over that of patients with progressive disease (28 weeks versus 13 weeks, respectively; P = 0.002). The FOMi combination was very well-tolerated. Nausea was common, but vomiting occurred in only four of 56 patients. Thrombocytopenia, requiring a reduction in the mitomycin C dose, developed after the third treatment course in 14 patients.
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PMID:Extensive adenocarcinoma and large cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung treated with 5-FU, vincristine, and mitomycin C (FOMi). 625 90

Sixty-three previously untreated patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (40 patients with adenocarcinoma and 23 with large cell undifferentiated carcinoma) were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of 5-FU (300 mg/m2) given as an iv bolus on Days 1-4 and vindesine (3 mg/m2) and mitomycin (10 mg/m2), both given as an iv bolus on Day 1 of each treatment course (FEMi). FEMi was repeated at 3-week intervals for three treatment courses and thereafter at 6-week intervals until disease progression. Major objective responses were seen in 13 of 63 patients (21%). Minor responses were seen in an additional 12 patients (19%). The median survival for all patients was 23 weeks and for responding patients was 38 weeks. The pretreatment performance status had a significant effect on both the response rate and survival time. Patients having an initial Karnofsky performance score greater than or equal to 70% had a 54% response rate, with a median survival of 42 weeks for responding patients. FEMi was well-tolerated: 18 patients (29%) did not have any side effects and only five (8%) experienced vomiting.
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PMID:Extensive adenocarcinoma and large cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung treated with 5-FU, vindesine, and mitomycin (FEMi): a Southwest Oncology Group Study. 627 87

A randomized study was conducted in patients who had measurable metastatic colorectal cancer to compare the relative efficacy and toxicities of oral tegafur (1 gm/m2/days 1-21) with those of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu, 500 mg/m2/days 1-4, then 250 mg/m2 on days 6, 8, 10, 12). The treatment courses were repeated every 4 weeks. Patients not responding to 5-Fu treatment were switched to tegafur. Randomization was stratified for presence or absence of liver metastasis and performance status. Partial responses were observed with 5-Fu, 6/32 (19%), tegafur, 7/35 (20%), and in patients who had been switched to tegafur after failing on 5-Fu, 1/20 (5%) with patients evaluable for response. Neutropenia was more common with 5-Fu (32% vs. 1% of treatment courses). Nausea occurred in about half the treatment courses; vomiting occurred in only 22%. Mucositis and diarrhea were more common with 5-Fu and severe in patients with liver function impairment. Neurologic toxicities due to tegafur were mild and occurred in less than 10% of the treatment courses. Oral tegafur and I.V. 5-Fu were equally effective against colorectal cancer, but tegafur was associated with minimal myelosuppression, which makes it suitable for use in combination with myelosuppressive antitumor agents.
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PMID:A comparative study of oral tegafur and intravenous 5-fluorouracil in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. 640 17

In the inoperable Borrmann type 4 Gastric cancer, which is to be used as a synonym of gastric scirrhus clinically, it is regrettable but effect is hardly expected from radiotherapy or immunotherapy, and the treatment relies entirely on chemotherapy. We have reported the results of our questionnaires collected from 108 hospitals (internal medicine-40 and surgical-68) all over Japan to investigate the prevailing circumstances of inoperable Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer. Therapies performed by singular medication were: 1). oral and intravenous 5-FU-33.3%, 2). oral, intravenous and suppository tegafur-27.4% and intravenous MMC-27.4%, of the total 84 methods reported in the field of internal medicine; and 1). administration of 5-FU-29.1%, 2). intravenous MMC-26.8% and 3). tegafur-22%, of the total 127 therapies reported in the surgical field. The therapies performed by combined medications were: 1). 5-FU+MMC-22.6%, 2). MFC-12.1%, 3). tegafur+MMC, and FAM-8.3% (further 29 examples of combination medications consisting of 2-4 preparations), of the total 124 therapies reported in the field of internal medicine; and 1). 5-FU+MMC-22.6%, 2). MFC-12.1% and tegafur+MMC-7.3% (further 37 examples consisting of 2-4 preparations), of the total 124 therapies reported in the surgical field. The total cases judged as 'effective' in all the hospitals were 71. The breakdown is as follows: 1). 'effective for the primary focus'-47 cases/66.7%, expansion of affected site proved by gastric radiogram and endoscopic image-33 cases/46.5%, expansion of affected site proved only by endoscopy-4 cases/5.6%; shrinkage of malignant ulcer and flattening of randwall, disappearance of extra-gastric compression by endoscopic image-2 cases. 2). ineffective for the primary focus'-24 cases/33.8%, of which disappearance of or decrease in ascites-11 cases/15.5%; improvement of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal fullness, strange epigastric sensation, abnormal evacuation, disappearance of diarrhea etc. and increase in body weight-13 cases. In 50% survival period, the cases in which chemotherapy was judged as entirely ineffective were 283 and the period was 2.9 months. The 50i% survival period for the above-mentioned total effective cases was 8.5 months, of which the 50%r survival period for the effective cases by radiographic and endoscopic findings in the primary focus was 10.65 months showing the prolongation effect of life span. One year survival rate was also 36%. Draft of the Critria of Cancer Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer proposed by Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer, which including the evaluation of Borrmann type 4 cancer, was introduced.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy of unresectable Borrmann's type IV stomach cancer]. 641 75

UFT-E, enterogranules of tegafur-uracil (at molar ratio of 1: 4) was developed in order to minimize GI toxicity of UFT. Pharmacokinetic study after single oral administration of 300 to 1200 mg of UFT-E was carried out in cancer patients measuring tagafur, uracil and 5-FU levels in serum, normal tissue and tumor tissue using HPLC and GC-mass. In the all doses studied, curves of serum tegafur after administration of UFT-E were consistently higher than those of uracil and 5-FU. Peak 5-FU levels were observed at 2-4 hours after administration of UFT-E. Maximum 5-FU levels ranged 0.1-3.0 mcg/ml and were variable in each patient even at the same doses. The serum 5-FU level was correlated with tegafur and uracil levels, especially with the latter. The curves of serum 5-FU of UFT-E were different from those of UFT, and the peak time of UFT-E occurred 2 or 3 hours later than that of UFT and the decrease of 5-FU level was slower. The concentrations of 5-FU in tumor tissue (T) were observed in most of the cases compared with those in normal tissue (N) (T/N ratio of more than 2.0 was observed in 16/23 patients), especially in the patients received higher doses of UFT-E and in the patients with GI cancers. In the phase I study of oral daily consecutive administration of UFT-E in 23 cancer patients, the GI side effects such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, were observed in 5 out of 23 patientsr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and a phase I study of tegafur-uracil enterogranules in cancer patients]. 641 79


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