Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to elucidate the precise mechanism of ipecac syrup (TJN-119) on the occurrence of vomiting, we examined the effects of ipecac syrup on the abdominal afferent nerve activity as well as on the 5-HT levels of the ileum and area postrema in ferrets. Oral administration of TJN-119 (0.5 mg/kg) produced a significant increase in afferent abdominal vagus nerve activity which lasted approximately 1 hour. The maximum response induced by TJN-119 was estimated to be 219 +/- 18% of the pre-injection level. Cephaeline or emetine, the main alkaloids of ipecac syrup, also demonstrated similar effects on afferent vagus nerve activity. TJN-119 increased the 5-HT content in the ileum but not in the area postrema. These observations illustrate possible mechanisms that may act at peripheral sites. It was recently reported that TJN-119 has a high affinity to 5-HT4 receptors (Hasegawa et al., unpublished data). These results suggest that 5-HT4 receptors may be involved in the emetic action of TJN-119.
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PMID:Pharmacological aspects of ipecac syrup (TJN-119)-induced emesis in ferrets. 1191 11

Ipecac syrup, prepared from a galentical ipecac, contains the nauseant alkaloids cephaeline and emetine. The involvement of receptors and serotonin- and dopamine-metabolizing enzymes in the emesis induced by ipecac syrup and these components was investigated. 1) In ferrets, the selective 5-HT3-receptor antagonist ondansetron (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) prevented each emesis induced by TJN-119 (0.5 mL/kg, p.o.), cephaeline (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) and emetine (5.0 mg/kg, p.o.), but the intraperitoneal administration of the selective dopamine D2-receptor antagonist sulpiride failed to significantly suppress the TJN-119, cephaeline and emetine-induced emesis at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg that blocked apomorphine-induced emesis. 2) In the receptor binding assays, cephaeline and emetine had a distinct affinity to 5-HT4 receptor, but no or weak affinity to 5-HT1A, 5-HT3, nicotine, M3, beta1, NK1, and D2 receptors. 3) Cephaeline and emetine did not affect activities of metabolic enzymes of 5-HT and dopamine (MAO-A, MAO-B, tryptophan 5-hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase) in vitro. These results suggest that 5-HT3 receptor plays an important role in the emetic action of TJN-119, cephaeline and emetine, and the 5-HT4 receptor may be involved in their mechanisms.
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PMID:Studies for the emetic mechanisms of ipecac syrup (TJN-119) and its active components in ferrets: involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. 1212 Jul 52