Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A randomized doubleblind investigation of prostaglandin vaginal suppositories prior to hysteroscopy was undertaken in 30 non-pregnant women. PGE2 in 14 of 15 treated patients we found a softening and a dilatation of the cervical canal, but with a relatively high frequency of side effects-nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. No serious bleeding or side effects were observed.
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PMID:Prostaglandin vaginal suppositories in non pregnant women requiring cervical dilatation prior to hysteroscopy. 305 74

Gemeprost (16,16-dimethyl-trans-delta2 Prostaglandin E1-methyl ester) is a synthetic analogue of Prostaglandin E. It is used to induce midtrimester abortion. 40 women, with diagnoses of fetal abnormality or fetal death in utero, were given a 1 mg Gemeprost pessary in the posterior vaginal fornix. After resting for 30 minutes, the patients were free to move around. The treatment was repeated every 3 hours, until either the products of conception were expelled or 5 pessaries had been inserted. If delivery did not occur within 12 hours, oxytocin infusion was commenced. 42% of the patients delivered with Gemeprost alone, and only 17.5% required surgery. Side effects were few and included incomplete abortion, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and bleeding. Gemeprost is considered safer and simpler than its alternative, extraamniotic infusion of Prostaglandin F2 alpha.
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PMID:Vaginally administered 16,16-dimethyl-PGE1-methyl ester (Gemeprost) to induce termination of pregnancy after the first trimester. 323 78

Early radiation toxicity is characterized by nausea and vomiting. We have previously shown that gastric emptying, gastric motility, and gastric secretion were suppressed after total body exposure to irradiation. In the present studies, we evaluated the relation between vomiting and gastric function in nine rhesus monkeys and explored the possible role of prostaglandins (PG) in these phenomena. The concentration of PG in plasma and gastric juice was determined using a standard radioimmunoassay and gastric acid output was measured concurrently using a marker dilution technique. The animals were studied in the basal state and after total body exposure to 800 cGy 60Co delivered at a rate of 500 cGy/min. Acid output was abolished from 40 min to 2 h after irradiation but had returned to preirradiation levels 2 days later. Plasma PGE2 and PGI2 (as measured by 6-keto-PGF1 alpha determination) were not significantly modified by irradiation. In contrast, irradiation produced an immediate significant increase (P less than 0.05) in gastric juice concentration of PGE2 (318 +/- 80 to 523 +/- 94 pg/ml; mean +/- SE) and PGI2 (230 +/- 36 to 346 +/- 57 pg/ml); both had returned to basal levels 2 days later. Thus, an increase in gastric juice concentration of both PGE2 and PGI2 is associated with the radiation induced suppression of acid output.
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PMID:Effect of ionizing radiation on prostaglandins and gastric secretion in rhesus monkeys. 355 15

Synthetic analogues of prostaglandins (PGs) E and F are now being used widely to induce abortion at any point in pregnancy without surgical intervention. This study compared the abortifacient effect of PGE and PGF given intramuscularly, intravaginally, and with and without laminaria dilatation in 72 1st-trimester abortion patients. Pregnancy was terminated in 40 women through use of a single suppository containing 3 mg of 15-me-PGF2 beta: complete abortion occurred in 18 of the 20 pregnancies at 6-7 weeks gestation but in only 5 of the 20 pregnancies 10-12 weeks gestation. An additional 32 pregnancies at 6-7 weeks gestation were aborted through vaginal suppositories containing 1 mg of 16.16 dimethyltrans-delta 2-PGE1 methyl ether (ONO-802); complete abortion occurred in 24 of these women, within an average of 5-10 hours. Although suppositories containing 15-me-PGF2 beta were more effective than those with ONO-802, the number of side effects experienced was considerably lower with PGE2. Abortion, whether complete or incomplete, was associated in both groups with full cervical dilatation--a factor of significance in the prevention of future is thmicocervical insufficiency. Pregnancy was also terminated in 47 2nd-trimester patients given either intramuscular PGE2 methyl sulfonylamide or intramuscular 15-m3-PGF2 alpha. The abortion time was an average of 14.3 hours with PGE2 and 4.3 hours with PGF2 alpha; patients in both groups experienced severe low back pain of 25-30 seconds' duration. Complete abortion occurred in 3/4 of the PGF2 alpha women and 1/2 of the women receiving PGE2. Complete abortion was twice as likely in parous women than in primigravidae. The use of PGF2 was associated with no side effects, while PGE2 caused vomiting and diarrhea.
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PMID:Use of different prostaglandin analogues for terminating pregnancy at different terms. 358 56

A congenital hypokalemic tubular disorder is described with many features resembling Bartter syndrome. Additional features include prenatal onset with polyhydramnios and premature labor; failure to thrive; episodes of fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and renal electrolyte and water wastage; hypercalciuria; nephrocalcinosis; and osteopenia. Unlike Bartter syndrome, there is no defect in tubular reabsorption of chloride. Urinary levels of prostaglandin E2 and 7 alpha-hydroxy-5,11-diketotetranorprosta-1,16-dioic acid are selectively elevated, indicating marked stimulation of renal and systemic PGE2 production. Chronic suppression of PGE2 activity by indomethacin corrects most of the abnormalities, and there is an immediate decompensation of the disease on indomethacin withdrawal. We conclude that these preterm infants have a distinct variety of hypokalemic tubular disorders rather than a variant of Bartter syndrome, because renal and systemic hyperprostaglandinism ranks high in the pathogenic chain of events, and the suppression of PGE2 hyperactivity is associated with significant improvement in the development (and probably in the prognosis) of the affected children.
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PMID:Congenital hypokalemia with hypercalciuria in preterm infants: a hyperprostaglandinuric tubular syndrome different from Bartter syndrome. 386 6

Intravenous infusion of prostaglandins (PG) for pregnancy termination has been associated with long duration of infusion and side effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and erythema at the site of injection). Some of these side effects have been eliminated through the use of intravaginal and intrauterine administration of PGs. The authors studied the effects of intraamniotic administration of PG on the 2nd trimester pregnant uterus based on the observations that PGE2 and F2alpha are found in samples of amniotic fluid obtained during spontaneous abortion. Single intraamniotic administration of 2.5-5.0 mg PGE2 or 25 mg PGF2alpha in 10 women 13-22 weeks pregnant stimulated uterine contraction and resulted in abortion in every case. 8 women had complete abortion and 2 necessitated manual removal of the placenta. Injection-abortion interval ranged from 4-1/2-18 hours, with a mean of 11.4 hours. 4 women experienced nausea and 3 had vomiting. There were no other side effects. This route of administration appears to produce a local action on the uterus, and the procedure does not require withdrawal of any amniotic fluid.
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PMID:Second trimester abortion with single intra-amniotic injection of prostaglandins E2 or F2 alpha. 410 91

39 workers with clinical experience in prostaglandins met in Stockholm in March 1971, under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO) Research and Training Center on Human Reproduction, to discuss the planning of multicenter trials and the monitoring of side effects of fertility regulating agents and to exchange clinical experiences on prostaglandins (PGs) in the induction of abortion. Many patients receiving PGF2alpha intravenously abort completely or incompletely only at the expense of distressing side effects, notably diarrhea and vomiting. By contrast, with PGE2 at 1/10 the concentration of PGF2alpha, possibly a greater proportion of attempted abortions are successful, and the side effects are less common and less severe. Neither drug induced abortion within a clinically acceptable period if used in concentrations which result in no side effects. Collected experience with the intrauterine or vaginal route of administration of PGs showed that extraamniotic PGF2alpha, in doses ranging from 250-750 mcg, or PGE2 (50-200 mcg), instilled transcervically every 1 or 2 hours via a fine indwelling catheter, promoted complete abortion in 75-80% of 60 reported trials. The low total dosage and the paucity of side effects contrasted sharply with those associated with the intravenous route. The incidence of side effects after vaginal administration of PGs was similar to that for the intravenous route. Preliminary reports have indicated that self administration of PGs at the end of each month, or when menstruation was slightly delayed, was an undesirable development at this time.
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PMID:Botulism from canned soup. 410 76

The use of a synthetic analogue PGE2 (15(S)15 methyl PGE2 methyl ester) in the management of hydatidiform mole was evaluated in 20 affected patients, gestational age ranging from 8 to 20 weeks, parity from 0 to 6. A portex 16 gauge epidural catheter was used to administer a 30 mcg dose of the PG analogue contained in 3 ml of water. A second dose was administered 8 hours later following failed expulsion of molar tissue. Curettage was performed in all patients following expulsion of the hydatidiform mole. Side effects included vomiting, pyrexia, shivering, and diarrhea. The treatment was successful in all patients, with 15 aborting with the single dose and 5 with the 2nd dose 8 hours later. Interval between the 1st dose to expulsion of the hydatidiform mole ranged from 2 3/4 hours to 16 hours with a mean of 9 hours 4 minutes for the 20 patients. This study suggests that the PGE2 analogue is a safe and reliable drug in treating hydatidiform mole.
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PMID:Intrauterine administration of prostaglandin 15 (S) 15 methyl E2 methyl ester in the management of patients with a hydatidiform mole. 441 89

An intramuscular dose schedule of 15(S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin E2-methyl ester (15-(S)-ME PGE2) was evaluated for its application as a midtrimester abortifacient route. 20 healthy gravidas aged 18-42 years and 8-22 menstrual weeks of gestation were aborted in the Clinical Research Unit of the University of North Carolina Memorial Hospital. The subjects were given 5 mcg of the PGE2 methyl ester every 4 hours. 85% (17/20) aborted within 48 hours, 65% (13/20) of these within 24 hours. Mean induction-abortion interval was 21 hours. Trials were defined as complete in 55%, incomplete in 30%, and failure in 15%. Shivering, fever, pain, vomiting, and diarrhea were the most common side effects. The transient shivering occurred in 13 (65%) of the subjects within 20 minutes of the first dose. Fever usually started after shivering, and both resolved spontaneously. 2 patients had estimated blood loss exceeding 500 ml, but they were not given transfusions. No clinically significant changes occurred in mean hemotocrit, platelet count, serum creatinine, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, electrolytes, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Mean blood cell and neutrophil counts increased, but neither increase was statistically significant.
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PMID:Intramuscular administration of 15(S)-15-methylprostaglandin E2-methyl ester for induction of abortion. 442 93

424 pregnant women seeking termination of 2nd trimester pregnancy had either PGF2alpha (290 women) or PGE2 (134 women) administration. Oxytocin was concomitantly administered as an intravenous infusion to 185 women. The patients were divided into 11 groups based on PG (prostaglandin) type and dose, route of PG administration, and oxytocin infusion (Table 1). Vital signs were monitored hourly and blood samples collected from most patients for analysis of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin, blood leukocytes, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase before induction, at or immediately after abortion, and 24-48 hours after abortion. Side effects reported included diarrhea, vomiting, headache, and vasovagal symptoms. Complications included bleeding of 500 ml or more; pelvic infection and cervical rupture. Intraamniotic administration of 50 mg PGF2a either alone or with supplemental intravenous oxytocin, and intraamniotic use of 10 mg of PGE2 supplemented with oxytocin provided the best results in terms of success rate (100%) and shortest induction-abortion interval (14.1 to 16.2 hours). Extraamniotic administration had success rates ranging from 83% to 90%, depending on frequency of PG application. Intravenous PG administration was associated with low efficacy and high frequency of side effects.
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PMID:Prostaglandin induction of 424 midtrimester abortions. 445 74


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