Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

12 patients with adverse reactions to foods are discussed, including 1 with biopsy-proven ulcerative proctitis. 10 had predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vomiting) and two had rhinitis and headache. Skin tests (in all but two) and radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) in some patients were negative. All of the patients were challenged in hospital with the offending food, either alone or preceded by a prostaglandin synthetase-inhibiting drug (aspirin, indomethacin or Ibuprofen). In 11 of the 12 patients this premedication prevented both the gastrointestinal and the more remote symptoms. Blood and stool prostaglandin measurements (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha) showed changes which correlated with clinical symptoms and did not occur if one of the inhibiting drugs had been given prior to challenge.
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PMID:Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors and food intolerance. 11 24

15-Methyl PGE2 and 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 were found (1) to be 40 and 100 times, respectively, more potent than PGE2 after intravenous administration in inhibiting histamine-stimulated gastric secretion in dogs with a denervated (Heidenhain) gastric pouch, (2) to be active orally and intrajejunally, whereas PGE2 was inactive, and (3) to exert antisecretory activity for longer duration than PGE2. 16,16-Dimethyl PGE2 was about 2.5 times more potent than 15-methyl PGE2. Volume, acid concentration, and output, and pepsin output (but not concentration) were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. In the rat, 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 also inhibited gastric secretion and prevented the formation of ulcers produced by various methods: gastric ulcers (Shay, and steroid induced) and duodenal ulcers (secretogogue induced). In this species, 1l816-dimethyl PGE2 was 2 to 50 times more potent than PGE2, depending on the endpoint, and was active orally. These prostaglandins appear to inhibit gastric acid secretion by acting directly on the parietal cells, and making these unresponsive to most stimulants. Vomiting was a side effect of the prostaglandin analogues in the dog, but almost exclusively when these were given orally. After intravenous or intrajejunal administration at doses inhibiting gastric secretion by 80%, vomiting was seen only once. These results suggest that 15-methyl PGE2 and 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 may be of value in the treatment of peptic ulcer.
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PMID:Gastric antisecretory and antiulcer properties of PGE2, 15-methyl PGE2, and 16, 16-dimethyl PGE2. Intravenous, oral and intrajejunal administration. 17 67

The use of intramuscular (15S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha (Prostin/15 M [The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan] sterile solution; carboprost tromethamine) for termination of pregnancy between six and 24 weeks' gestation was studied by 20 investigators. Of 815 women treated according to the dosage regimen described here, 78.4% had complete abortions and 18.0% incomplete abortions, for an overall success rate of 96.4%. The majority of patients had vomiting and diarrhea but usually tolerated these side effects well enough that treatment did not have to be discontinued. There were no serious adverse reactions directly attributable to the prostaglandin therapy.
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PMID:Induction of abortion by intramuscular administration of (15S)-15-methyl PGF2 alpha. An overview of 815 cases. 39 84

A new PGE2 derivative (16-phenoxy PGE2 methyl sulfonylamide sulprostone) was administered by the i.m. route to 48 women pregnancy in any of the three trimesters. The indications for pregnancy interruption were either serious medical problems in intact pregnancies (21 cases) or due to fetal death in utero (27 cases). Single doses of 500 micrograms were repeated every 4 hours in the former group or every 6 hours in the latter category for a maximum period of 24 hours. The treatment was successful in 81% of intact pregnancies and in 92.6% of fetal death cases with an overall mean induction interval of 12.9 hours. More than half the subjects did not experience any side effects apart from mild or moderate uterine colics. An overall mean of 1.4 episodes of vomiting or diarrhoea per induction trial was quite acceptable from the clinical point of view. The absence of serious complications in the group of critically sick women speaks in favor of the relative safety of the drug.
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PMID:Intramuscular 16-phenoxy PGE2 ester for pregnancy termination. 47 39

Fifty multiparous patients at 37 weeks or more of gestation with a vertex presentation and a Bishop score of 7 or more had labor induced with oral Prostaglandin E2 tablets. All responded and delivered vaginally. The induction to delivery time averaged 4 hours and 44 minutes. The average number of tablets required was 3.64. Four women experienced nausea and an additional 4 women had some vomiting. Two patients showed hypertonus and 11 had frequent contractions. Many progressed rapidly after they began active labor. There was no evidence of fetal distress. Guidelines are suggested for the use of oral Prostaglandin E2 tablets to adequately control the labor process and prevent hypercontractility.
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PMID:Guidelines for the elective induction of labor with oral Prostaglandin E2. 55 43

Labor was successfully induced in 20 patients with a diagnosis of missed abortion or intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) by intravaginal administration of prostaglandin E2 suppositories. Fifteen patients delivered with the prostaglandin alone while a concomitant oxytocin infusion was employed to augment contractions in the other five patients. The mean induction-delivery time was 9.80 hours; nulliparous patients delivered in a mean time if 7.78 hours, parous patients in a mean time of 12.29 hours. The uterus appeared to be sensitive to the PGE2 stimulation in all patients and all were delivered completely without the need for surgical intervention. Fifty per cent of patients were delivered within 8 hours and 80 per cent by 12 hours. The side effects associated with prostaglandin administration--vomiting, diarrhea, and temperature elevation--were well tolerated and therapy did not have to be terminated in any patient. The administration of PGE2 vaginal suppositories offers an effective and safe technique for the induction of labor in patients with IUFD. Labor can be induced with PGE2 suppositories as soon as the diagnosis of IUFD is confirmed, which eliminates the need for waiting until spontaneous labor occurs.
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PMID:Induction of labor in patients with missed abortion and fetal death in utero with protaglandin E2 suppositories. 55 89

Sulproston (SH B 286 AD), a PGE2-derivate, was used for termination of pregnancy in 40 patients during the IInd and IIIrd trimester. Mean abortion time was 12.7 hours (range:4 to 26 hours). Sulproston was given intravenously (150 to 1000 micrograms) or via an extraamnial catheter (200 to 400 micrograms). One single dose of 500 micrograms was sufficient in 26 patients. Five women required a dose of 150 to 400 micrograms, four patients a dose of 500 to 1000 micrograms. The rate of side effects was low and included freezing, nausea, vomiting or abdominal spasms and dyspnea in one case. An obligatory curettage followed the abortion without exception. There was no statistical significance for changes of blood pressure and heart rate during the perfusion of Sulproston and in the course of the abortion.
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PMID:[Termination of pregnancy during the IInd and IIIrd trimester with Sulproston (SH B 286 AD) (author's transl)]. 56 40

Prostaglandin (PG) gels were used to induce second-trimester abortion in 141 women aged 16-44 years, 1973-1976. PGE2 gel was used alone for 65 women, and in combination with oxytocin for 25 women; PGF2-alpha was used alone for 15, and combined with oxytocin for 36. Indications were: medical (5 cases), psychosocial (97 cases), and missed abortion or fetal death in utero (39 cases). The gel was administered extra-amniotically via catheter; abortion occurred within 36 hours in 136 cases. Mean administration abortion interval varied from 9 hours 52 minutes to 16 hours 17 minutes. A dose-response relationship was noted between the prostaglandin dose and the interval to abortion. Side effects included vomiting (29 cases), diarrhea (2 cases), fever (9 cases), hemorrhage (14 cases), endometritis (2 cases), and circulatory symptoms (2 cases) and torn cervix (1 case). No signficant differences between primigravidae and others were observed.
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PMID:[Therapeutic abortions in the second trimestre of pregnancy with prostaglandine gel (author's transl)]. 64 Mar 66

A review is made of the clinical use of prostaglandins in obstetrics and gynecology. Second trimester abortions can be induced by the transcervical extraamniotic, transabdominal intraamniotic, or intravenous injection of PGF2 alpha or PGE2. The use of these agents is currently the method of choice for this procedure. Studies have been made of methods of application which will lead to improved effectiveness and of the use of prostaglandins in combination with oxytocin. The use of prostaglandin analogues, which are metabolized more slowly than the natural prostaglandins, provides the advantages of decreased side effects and a decreased need of additional doses. The side effects associated with prostaglandin use include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, heat waves, shivering, headache, dizziness, elevated temperatures, and leucocytosis. The mortality rate reported in a 4-year survey is 10.5/100,000 which compared favorably with the 17.7/100,000 for saline abortions. Prostaglandin gels can be used to soften and dilate the cervix in preparation for an abortion or induction of labor with no undesired side effects and without the use of laminarias. Labor can be induced by the administration of the prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2 either intravenously or, in the case of the latter, orally. Treatment with PGE2 can also continue parturition in cases of secondary insufficiency of labor. Research is currently being conducted in the use of these substances for fertility control.
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PMID:Application of prostaglandins in obstetrics and gynecology. 74 14

The efficacy of 16,16 dimethyl PGE2 p-benzaldehyde semicarbazone ester for cervical dilatation prior to evacuation of the uterus in 180 first trimester nulliparae has been studied. The drug was injected into the muscle of the cervix 3 hours before vacuum aspiration. In 143 patients (80%) the cervix had dilated adequately to enable evacuation of the uterus without mechanical dilatation. In the remaining 37 patients (20%) the cervix had dilated to 6 or 7 mm and additional mechanical dilatation could be performed easily in most of these patients. Side effects consisted of vomiting (11%), diarrhoea (7%), transient pyrexia and shivering (7%). There were no complications in any of the patients and no perforation of the uterus or damage to the cervix resulted during evacuation.
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PMID:Cervical dilatation with 16,16 dimethyl PGE2 p-benzaldehyde semicarbazone ester prior to vacuum aspiration in first trimester nulliparae. 84 36


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