Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Medical methods of 2nd trimester abortion are reviewed from recent large studies comparing intramuscular and vaginal application of synthetic prostaglandins (PGs) with natural PGE2 and PGF2alpha, and standard hypertonic saline. The available synthetic PGs for abortion are Sulprostone (Schering) and Carboprost (Upjohn), both PGF analogs for intramuscular injection and Gemeprost (May & Baker, Dagenham, UK) a PGE analog for intravaginal use. Beside these 9-deoxo-16, 16-dimethyl-9-methylene PGE2 and 15(S)-15-methyl-PGF2alpha methyl ester have been evaluated in clinical trials. Best results were obtained in women receiving intramuscular PG analogs by priming the cervix the laminaria tents. All 3 commercially available PGs are more effective than their parent PGs and saline in terms of success rates, 95% or more vs. 85 and 80%. While the abortion interval was 18-20 hours with intraamniotic PGF2alpha, it was about 23 hours with the intramuscular PG analogs, but only 19.3 hours with vaginal Gemeprost. Side effects of vomiting and diarrhea tended to be lower with the PGE analog Gemeprost. Gemeprost was highly acceptable for patients and staff because of the simplicity of administration of the vaginal gel, and also because it caused much less cramping, judging by half as many analgesic injections. The PGE analog in gel form also permits a much lower dose and allows administration by non-physicians, and reduces risk of complications resulting from invasive administration routes. A preliminary study suggests that pretreatment with RU-486 in early 2nd trimester facilitates termination by intraamniotic PGE2.
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PMID:Non-invasive methods for termination of second trimester pregnancy. 222 4

The aim of this study was to compare carboprost with oxytocin for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in females with a high risk of PPH undergoing cesarean delivery. Patients were randomly divided into three groups that received different uterotonics (oxytocin, carboprost and oxytocin plus carboprost) during cesarean section, following the delivery of the infant. A total of 117 females (age range, 19-40 years) at 35-40 weeks gestation who delivered by cesarean between December, 2010 and May, 2012 were included in this study. There were 29 cases of twins, 12 cases of polyhydramnios, 23 cases of placenta previa and 53 cases of fetal macrosomia. There were 37 patients in the oxytocin group, 36 in the carboprost group and 44 in the oxytocin plus carboprost group. No significant differences were identified in maternal age, gravidity/parity, gestational age and reason for cesarean delivery between the three groups. The median blood loss in the oxytocin, carboprost and oxytocin plus carboprost groups was 610, 438 and 520 ml, respectively. The blood loss in the carboprost group was significantly lower than that in the oxytocin and oxytocin plus carboprost groups (both P<0.05). Vomiting occurred in eight patients from the carboprost group, two from the oxytocin group and two from the oxytocin plus carboprost group (P=0.036). Carboprost was more effective than oxytocin in preventing PPH in high-risk patients undergoing cesarean delivery.
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PMID:A comparison of oxytocin and carboprost tromethamine in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in high-risk patients undergoing cesarean delivery. 2434 62