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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-nine consecutive patients admitted for colonoscopy were randomized to receive polyethylene glycol or sodium picosulphate. Patients expressed their opinion in a questionnaire and the endoscopists, blinded to the preparation, assessed the cleanliness of different segments of the colon. There was no statistically significant difference in the taste-acceptability of the preparations, frequency of nausea, abdominal pain, peri-anal soreness or sleep disturbance between the two groups. Polyethylene glycol caused vomiting in 13% of patients while this was absent in those who received sodium picosulphate (P less than 0.05). The average number of stools passed was 12.4 in the polyethylene glycol and 8.6 in the sodium picosulphate groups; mean difference 3.8 (95% C.I. 0.7-6.9) with P less than 0.02. The overall cleanliness of the colon was better in the polyethylene glycol group (P = 0.002) as judged by the blinded colonoscopist. There was less delay (P = 0.06) and more completed colonoscopies (P = 0.01) in this group. Polyethylene glycol was a better preparation in all segments of the colon except the rectum. We conclude that polyethylene glycol is the choice of the colonoscopist and should be given to all patients; sodium picosulphate would be a good alternative if patients are intolerant. If a limited colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy is intended, sodium picosulphate may be preferred because of its acceptable efficacy and slightly advantageous side-effect profile.
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PMID:Short report: comparison of two orally administered bowel preparations for colonoscopy--polyethylene glycol and sodium picosulphate. 142 Jul 44

A 6-month-old girl was hospitalized on three occasions for irritability, vomiting, acidosis, and hypotonia. During the third hospitalization hyperglycinemia and urinary glycolic acid were detected. Ethylene glycol was discovered in the infant's blood and bottled formula. Clinicians must consider ethylene glycol intoxication as a cause of recurrent infantile metabolic acidosis.
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PMID:Intentional infantile ethylene glycol poisoning presenting as an inherited metabolic disorder. 153 89

The clinical suitability of conventional glyceromonooctanoin (GMOC) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) containing solvents for the dissolution of common bile duct stones is questionable. To improve the solvent-stone contact and the miscibility with bile, GMOC was hydrophilized by the addition of polyethyleneglycol-caprylglyceride, polyethyleneglycol-sorbitan-etheroleyl-ester, and polyethyleneglycol-sorbitanlauryl-ester (PEG-GMOC). This product was mixed with a bile acid-EDTA (BA-EDTA) solution in a ratio of 1:2 (v/v) for cholesterol solubilizing and calcium complexing capacities. To determine clinical efficiency, the new solvent was infused via a nasobiliary tube in 16 patients with endoscopically nonextractable common bile duct stones and compared with a group of 16 patients treated with an alternating GMOC/BA-EDTA regimen. Continuous perfusion with PEG-GMOC-BA-EDTA led to a total (12 patients) or partial (3 patients) disappearance of the stones within 2-15 days. Similarly, alternating GMOC and BA-EDTA treatment dissolved the stones in 12 patients. The average volume of PEG-GMOC-BA-EDTA infused contained only 27% of the GMOC applied during the alternating therapeutic regime. This reduction of the GMOC dose was associated with a significant reduction of adverse effects such as emesis, diarrhea and biliary pain. We concluded that GMOC is equally efficient in the new hydrophilized form but it is clearly superior as far as side effects are concerned. In all, this supports its clinical suitability for the dissolution treatment of common bile duct stones.
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PMID:Dissolution of bile duct stones by a hydrophilized glyceromonooctanoin-bile-acid-EDTA emulsion. 190 80

A 16-year-old boy ingested approximately 50 zinc sulfate tablets (ZnSO4; 500-mg tablets). After spontaneous emesis, ipecac-induced emesis, and orogastric lavage, an abdominal radiograph performed four hours after ingestion still demonstrated approximately 50 ZnSO4 tablets within the stomach and three pills within the colon. Whole-bowel irrigation was begun with a polyethylene glycol lavage solution (PEG; Golytely) that was administered through a nasogastric tube; within one hour, the patient began producing a rectal effluent that contained pills. The patient remained asymptomatic throughout whole-bowel irrigation. Stool guaiac tests were negative. The serum chloride, however, increased from 105 to 127 mEq/L. Follow-up kidney, ureter, and bladder studies demonstrated the clearance of the zinc tablets from the gastrointestinal tract during the next 24 hours.
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PMID:Whole-bowel irrigation as treatment for zinc sulfate overdose. 197 39

The clinical picture as well as the principles of treatment in ethylene glycol poisoning differ with the time after ingestion. These time-related differences are illustrated by two case reports. During the first hours of ethylene glycol poisoning, the patient suffers from drunkenness, vomiting and somnolence due to the intoxicant effect of ethylene glycol on the central nervous system. In the following hours a poisoning with glycolate and oxalate develops, with increasing acidosis, renal and brain damage. A patient admitted within a few hours of an overdose, with no or only slight metabolic acidosis, may be successfully treated with ethanol. If the serum concentration of ethylene glycol is very high, hemodialysis may be deferred until the necessary staff and equipment are available. If the patient is admitted with severe metabolic acidosis, hemodialysis must be started immediately. The need for ethanol administration during hemodialysis merits reevaluation.
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PMID:Considerations for the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning based on analysis of two cases. 205 10

42 dogs with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were randomized for treatment with either PEG-L-asparaginase 10 IU/kg intramuscularly (n = 22) or L-asparaginase 400 IU/kg intraperitoneally (n = 20). Another 20 dogs were treated with either PEG-L-asparaginase 30 IU/kg (n = 10) or L-asparaginase 400 IU/kg (n = 10). Each treatment protocol consisted of two asparaginase treatments followed by a 10-week period of induction chemotherapy and then maintenance on asparaginase until progression occurred. No significant differences were found between treatments in the response rates after 2 weeks of asparaginase therapy or in the time to relapse, the time to treatment failure or the remission period. The reaction to asparaginase after the initial 2 weeks was a prognostic factor for the total duration of remission under asparaginase maintenance therapy. No side-effects were noted in the dogs treated with PEG-L-asparaginase, whereas 14 (48%) of the L-asparaginase treated dogs had side-effects related to this drug, including anaphylactic shock (9), anorexia or vomiting (4), hypersensitivity-related oedema (3), seizures (1) and acute pancreatitis (1). No abnormalities in clotting times, fibrinogen levels or antithrombin-III levels were found in any of the 62 dogs. PEG-L-asparaginase has the same anti-tumour activity as native L-asparaginase in dogs with NHL, but lacks side-effects.
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PMID:Polyethylene glycol-L-asparaginase versus native L-asparaginase in canine non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 214 33

This is a case of a 23-year-old male presenting with altered sensorium, vomiting, and right flank pain. Despite a normal osmolal gap, he was found to be suffering from ethylene glycol intoxication. This little-described presentation can result in the clinician failing to consider ethylene glycol as a causative agent.
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PMID:Case report: severe ethylene glycol intoxication with normal osmolal gap--"a chilling thought". 225 6

A new sulfate-free polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (SF-ELS) for colonoscopy was formulated to taste better and have less net water and electrolyte secretion and absorption than a standard polyethylene glycolelectrolyte lavage solution (PEG-ELS). At two centers, 157 patients were prospectively randomized to receive SF-ELS or PEG-ELS to assess adequacy of preparation, patient tolerance, weight changes, and various hematologic and biochemical parameters. Physician assessment of colon cleansing showed no difference between those patients receiving SF-ELS (N = 74) or PEG-ELS (N = 78). Eighty-two percent of all preps were found to be "clinically acceptable." Subjects receiving SF-ELS had significantly less fullness and cramps, while PEG-ELS subjects reported less nausea. There was no difference between groups for vomiting, overall discomfort, or willingness to repeat the preparation received. Eighty percent of all patients would repeat the randomized cleansing methods. There were no clinically significant changes in weight or assessed laboratory parameters, with the exception of potassium where PEG-ELS patients had an mean decrease of 0.22 mEq/liter vs. 0.01 mEq/liter for SF-ELS (p less than or equal to 0.01). Patient taste questionnaires in those patients expressing a preference showed a preference for SF-ELS (76.6%) over PEG-ELS (23.4%) (p less than or equal to 0.001). Thirty-two (22.5%) of total respondents indicated no preference. We conclude that SF-ELS when compared with PEG-ELS is similarly a safe and effective method of colon cleansing for colonoscopy that is well tolerated. Patients prefer the taste of the new solution.
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PMID:Comparison of a new sulfate-free polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution versus a standard solution for colonoscopy cleansing. 236 14

Eight dogs with ethylene glycol intoxication were treated with 4-methylpyrazole, an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor. Dogs had clinical signs referable to ethylene glycol ingestion including ataxia, depression, vomiting, polyuria, and dehydration. Metabolic abnormalities included high anion gap metabolic acidosis, serum hyperosmolality, isosthenuria, and monohydrate and dihydrate calcium oxalate crystalluria. Serum and urine ethylene glycol concentrations were determined to confirm ingestion of ethylene glycol. A 50-mg/ml solution of 4-methylpyrazole in propylene glycol was administered iv as follows: initial treatment, 20 mg/kg of body weight; at 17 hours after admission, 15 mg/kg; at 25 hours after admission, 5 mg/kg. By 24 hours after admission, all dogs had clinical and metabolic improvement. Of the 8 dogs, 7 were released within 3 days of admission. Four of the 8 dogs returned for follow-up evaluation, at which time biochemical or hematologic abnormalities were not observed.
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PMID:4-Methylpyrazole as treatment for naturally acquired ethylene glycol intoxication in dogs. 258 8

The use of polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (PEG-ELS) as a whole-bowel irrigation for colorectal surgery is retrospectively evaluated in 65 consecutive patients. Sixty-three (97%) of the patients were able to complete the lavage. Fifty-five (85%) of these tolerated the preparation without event. Unpleasant reactions of nausea, vomiting, or fullness resolved in most patients by decreasing the rate of ingestion. Twenty-seven patients had associated medical illnesses that may have been aggravated by volume overload, but none of these experienced any adverse effects from the lavage. Most patients completed the total lavage ingestion of 4 L in 4 hours, which resulted in a 1-day preparation prior to operation. There were no wound or septic complications in any of the lavage patients. This clinical review indicates that PEG-ELS is a safe, rapid, and effective mechanical bowel preparation that should be able to reduce in-hospital preparation time for most patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
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PMID:Polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (PEG-ELS). A rapid, safe mechanical bowel preparation for colorectal surgery. 380 Jan 62


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