Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of combination chemotherapy including mitoxantrone (MXN) "M-VEMFH" for advanced breast cancer were studied. The M-VEMFH regimen consisted of MXN 7 mg/m2, VCR 0.7 mg/m2, EX 333 mg/m2, MTX 13.3 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1, 5-FU 333 mg/m2 i.v. from day 1 to day 5 and pred. (H) 60 mg/m2 p.o. with tapering off in 2 weeks. In 7 cases heavily pretreated with combination chemotherapy including ADR, CR 2, PR 2, NC 2 and PD 1 were observed (response rate 57.1%). In 5 cases without prior ADR, PR 1, NC 2 and PD 2 were obtained. One case given 586 mg/m2 of prior ADR died of congestive heart failure after administration of 47 mg/m2 of NXN. One case died of sepsis. The other side effects were stomatitis, vulvitis, abnormal gustation, nausea, vomiting and alopecia. M-VEMFH is effective combination chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer resistant to ADR, but care must be exerted due to the accompanying cardiotoxicity and leukopenia.
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PMID:[Effects of combination chemotherapy M-VEMFH including mitoxantrone in advanced breast cancer]. 405 16

Chemotherapy administered during systemic hyperthermia is more tumoricidal than either modality used alone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate plasma drug pharmacokinetics and host toxicity when methotrexate (MTX) or doxorubicin (adriamycin--ADR) was given at 37 or 43 degrees C. Eight dogs were heated to 43 degrees C for 1 hr without chemotherapy; eight dogs received MTX (5 mg/kg) and four dogs received ADR (2 mg/kg) intravenously as a constant infusion at 43 or 37 degrees C. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 1, 2, 24, and 48 hr. Mean plasma MTX levels were not significantly different at 1, 2, and 6 hours in 43 and 37 degrees C dogs, but at 24 and 48 hr mean plasma MTX levels were significantly elevated in heated (43 degrees C) dogs compared with sham-heated (37 degrees C) dogs. Plasma MTX concentration multiplied by time (area under curve) was 131 g . hr/liter in 43 degrees C dogs compared with 73 g . hr/liter in 37 degrees C dogs (P less than 0.001). Vomiting and bloody diarrhea lasted an average of 4 days in heated control dogs (no drugs) 4 days in 37 degrees C dogs, and 5 to 7 days in 43 degrees C MTX dogs. Mean plasma ADR levels were similar in 37 and 43 degrees C dogs at all time intervals. Vomiting and bloody diarrhea lasted at least 7 days in 43 degrees C dogs compared with only 1 day in 37 degrees C dogs treated with ADR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Systemic thermochemotherapy: toxicity and plasma pharmacokinetics of methotrexate and doxorubicin. 649 76

Sixty-four patients receiving cancer chemotherapy known to induce severe emesis entered a randomized double-blind study of the antiemetic efficacy of haloperidol (Haldol) and benzquinamide (Emetecon). Patients preferred haloperidol for control of emesis induced by cis-platinum (78 vs. 22%) or nitrogen mustard (67 vs. 16%). Patients receiving Doxorubicin preferred benzquinamide by a small margin (46 to 38%). Individual patients who experienced no relief with their first antiemetic (13 of 15) usually got some relief with the other after crossover. Haloperidol was more effective than benzquinamide (54 vs. 29%) in patients previously unrelieved by prochlorperazine (Compazine). Complete relief of vomiting was obtained in 14 of 45 patients receiving haloperidol but only five of 41 patients receiving benzquinamide experienced no vomiting, again dependent on the anticancer agent used. Although haloperidol is a more effective antiemetic agent overall, efficacy is related to the anticancer treatment and probably to individual patient characteristics.
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PMID:Specific antiemetics for specific cancer chemotherapeutic agents: haloperidol versus benzquinamide. 701 68

In 1978/1979 the Medicines Commission of the German Medical Profession received 5196 spontaneous reports on adverse drug reaction (ADRs) from physicians, manufacturers, intensive hospital monitoring and pharmacists. The total number of ADRs reported by the physicians was 1867. The symptoms mostly seen were skin reactions, blood dyscrasia, drug dependence, liver damage (including jaundice), nausea, vomiting and hyper-or hypotension. Drug dependence was reported more frequently than was the case in the years before due to a large number of reports dealing with only one anorectic drug. The drugs most frequently associated with ADR reports were analgesics, psychotropic agents, antiarrhythmic agents, agents used against gastrointestinal disorders, sedatives and hypnotics, antibiotics and radioopaque media. The frequency of drugs involved roughly corresponded to the sales figures in 1979 with radioopaque media over-represented and some groups not or under-represented (e.g. vitamins, antitussives and vasoprotective agents). The spontaneous reporting system does not provide absolute figures on the frequency of ADRs. Its main purpose is to draw the attention of the physicians to an increase in the rate of ADRs for a certain drug or to rare but extremely severe incidences.
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PMID:[Spontaneous reports on unwanted drug effects in the years 1978-1979]. 730 35

The usefulness of CAF [cyclophosphamide (CPA)/doxorubicin (ADR)/5-fluorouracil (5-FU)] + medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy for advanced/recurrent breast cancer was studied in a randomised trial at 56 institutions. Patients received CAF therapy [CPA: 100 mg, orally, days 1-14; ADR: 30 mg/m2, intravenously (i.v.), days 1 and 8; 5-FU: 500 mg/m2, i.v., days 1 and 8) in arm I, or CAF + MPA therapy (CAF + MPA 1200 mg, daily) in arm II. The response rate was significantly higher (P = 0.041) in arm II (53.5%, 46/86) than arm I (36.6%, 30/82). The response rate by tumour site was significantly higher for lymph node and bone lesions in arm II. Partial response duration and overall response duration were significantly longer in arm II. Incidences of anorexia and nausea/vomiting were significantly higher in arm I but in arm II, moon face, oedema and vaginal bleeding were significantly higher. Many patients in arm II demonstrated improvement in performance status and weight loss, suggesting a beneficial effect of MPA. The chemoendocrine therapy with CAF + MPA appears to be more beneficial than CAF alone in the treatment of advanced/recurrent breast cancer.
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PMID:Comparison of chemotherapy with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate for advanced or recurrent breast cancer. 794 92

Commercially available serotonin-type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists (ondansetron, granisetron, and tropisetron) have shown no clinically significant adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. In the dose-ranging evaluation of dolasetron, computer-generated ECGs revealed clinically asymptomatic prolongations of ECG intervals. We performed a clinical trial in which the possible changes in ECG intervals following a single 3-mg i.v. injection of granisetron and an injection of either doxorubicin or epirubicin were registered using computerized ECG analysis in cancer patients. A total of 30 patients who were designated to receive 3 mg granisetron i.v. for the prophylaxis of emesis induced by doxorubicin or epirubicin were entered into the study. Computer-generated ECG tracings were obtained before treatment, following the injection of 3mg granisetron, and immediately after doxorubicin or epirubicin injection. The mean PR interval duration increased from 160 to 166 ms after granisetron infusion (P=0.02). Doxorubicin and epirubicin did not potentiate this change. There was no statistically significant change in cardiac rhythm, QRS duration, or QTc intervals. The observed minor changes in the PR time following i.v. injection of granisetron do not seem to be of clinical relevance.
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PMID:Effects of granisetron with doxorubicin or epirubicin on ECG intervals. 859 77

From June 1984 to October 1995, forty seven consecutive patients (pts) with a confirmed diagnosis of diffuse malignant mesothelioma (MM) of the pleura (41) and peritoneum (6), were treated with cisplatin (CDDP) (24 pts) (Group A), or Doxorubicin (ADM) (14) based chemotherapy (Group B), or a combination of CDDP and ADM (9 pts) (Group C). Chemotherapy for Group A was CDDP 100 mg/m2 Dl with Viblastine 6 mg/m2 Dl, 8 (24 pts) for Group B ADM 40 mg/m2 D I with Vincristine (VCR) 2 mg Dl and DTIC 200 mg/m2 Dl-3 (5 pts) or instead of DTIC Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 Dl instead (pts 4). A Total of 11/47 (23%) of the pts responded to chemotherapy; Group A: I complete and 5 partial responders, Group B: 3 partial responders and Group C: 2 partial responders. Pts with MM of peritoneum showed I complete (Group A) and 4 partial (Group B: 2, Group B: 1, Group C: I) responses, a total of 5/6 (83%). There was no difference in survival time, duration of response and time to progression between the examined groups. A statistically significant difference between responders and non responders in terms of survival was seen: responders 20.8 (3-35), non-responders 5.05 (1-12) months (P = 0.03). Toxicity was acceptable and no treatment-related deaths occurred. Myelo-suppression, mild anemia, nausea-vomiting, anorexia and fatigue were the main toxicities. We conclude that CDDP or ADM-based chemotherapy or a combination of both drugs are equally effective in MM.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and/or doxorubicin in malignant mesothelioma. A retrospective study [corrected from prospective]. 942 83

N,N-diethyl-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)phenoxy] ethanamine.HCl (DPPE) is a diphenylmethane analog of tamoxifen that antagonizes the intracellular binding of histamine to growth-regulatory sites, a proportion of which represents P450 enzymes, in microsomes and nuclei. We previously reported increased response rates and decreased myelotoxicity in patients with prostate and other cancers who received an intensive dose/schedule of DPPE plus single-agent chemotherapy. We now report the results of a study of DPPE combined with a standard dose/schedule of doxorubicin in twenty-three patients with metastatic breast cancer, sixteen of whom had received prior non-anthracycline chemotherapy. DPPE (6 mg/kg) was infused intravenously (i.v.) over 80 minutes. Doxorubicin (60 mg/m2) was administered i.v. over the last 20 minutes of the DPPE infusion. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks (maximum, 7 cycles). Patients achieving complete response (CR) were followed off treatment until relapse. All patients were evaluable for toxicities and efficacy. Sixteen patients (69%; 95% C.I. = 47-87%) responded (7 CR and 9 PR). Eleven responders, including 6 with CR, had prior chemotherapy. Five responders (2CR, 3PR) had a poor (ECOG 3/4) performance status pre-treatment. Median CR duration was 11 (range 5-18) months. Hematological toxicity was low; GI toxicity (nausea/vomiting/dyspepsia) appeared somewhat higher than historical experience, but responded well to anti-emetics, ranitidine, and/or dexamethasone in most patients; a mean absolute drop in left ventricular ejection fraction of 8% occurred in 17 patients who received = or > 300 mg/m2 doxorubicin. The observed response rate in DPPE/doxorubicin-treated patients appeared to be higher than historically reported for doxorubicin alone in this setting, suggesting a chemopotentiating effect of DPPE. A multi-centre trial of this regimen in an additional 32 patients with early metastatic breast cancer has been conducted by the Clinical Trials Group, National Cancer Institute of Canada, and a phase 3 study is planned.
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PMID:The intracellular histamine antagonist, N,N-diethyl-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)phenoxy] ethamine.HCL, may potentiate doxorubicin in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer: Results of a pilot study. 969 12

Osteosarcoma is one of the most common juvenile malignant tumors in Korea. Combined modality treatment (pre-operative chemotherapy + limb salvage surgery + adjuvant therapy) improved the patients' overall survival and quality of life. We evaluated the efficacy and feasibility of pre-operative chemotherapy with intra-arterial (IA) cisplatin plus continuous intravenous infusion (CI) of adriamycin. We assessed the rate of limb salvage, recurrence pattern and the survival impact based on the histologic response of pre-operative chemotherapy. Fourty-one patients with histologically-proven high grade osteosarcoma of the extremities were enrolled from January 1990 to June 1995. Pre-operative chemotherapy, cisplatin 120 mg/m2 IA and adriamycin 75 mg/m2/72 h CI was administered every 3 weeks for 3 cycles, followed by limb salvage surgery if possible or by amputation. According to the histologic tumor response, if the tumor necrosis was >90%, the same regimen was administered for 3 cycles as an adjuvant therapy. A salvage regimen (Ifosfamide 7.5 gm/m2/5 d IV + high dose MTX 10 gm/m2 IV+VP-16 360 mg/m2/3 d IV) was administered every 3 weeks for 6 cycles if the tumor necrosis was <90%. Of 41 patients, 37 patients were evaluable for efficacy and toxicities, because 4 patients refused chemotherapy after 1 or 2 cycles. Twenty-one patients were male and 16 were female with median age of 16 years (range 8-41). The tumor locations were: distal femur 20, proximal tibia 8, humerus 6, distal tibia 2 and 1 in proximal femur. All but one patient, who died of neutropenic sepsis, completed the planned pre-operative therapy. Of the 36 patients who received surgery, limb salvage surgery was possible in 30 patients (83.3%) and 27 patients (75%) showed a good response (grade III 10; 27.8%, grade IV 17; 47.2%). With a median follow-up of 23 months, 3-year disease-free survival rate was 54.7% and overall survival rate was 78.3%. Of the 15 patients who recurred, the major metastatic site was the lung. No operation-related mortality was observed. Most patients experienced grade III-IV nausea, vomiting and hematologic toxicities, which were reversible with supportive cares. Pre-operative chemotherapy with IA DDP+CI ADR followed by surgery showed 75% histologic tumor response rate, 83% limb salvage rate and 54.7% 3-year disease-free survival rate with tolerable side effects. To improve the survival rate, the possible role of good salvage chemotherapy with a non-cross resistance regimen in poor responders should be evaluated.
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PMID:Combined pre-operative chemotherapy with intra-arterial cisplatin and continuous intravenous adriamycin for high grade osteosarcoma. 1020 5

The aim of the study was to compare the quality of life (QL) of patients treated with single-agent paclitaxel versus doxorubicin as first-line chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. 331 patients with advanced breast cancer were randomised, with 294 eligible for analysis. Patients completed both the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire and the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL) with six additional items, at baseline and after the third, fifth and seventh cycles of chemotherapy. A significant difference in progression-free survival in favour of doxorubicin caused a bias in the data with differences in expected completion rates of questionnaires beyond cycle three. Therefore, statistical comparisons were performed only for the first three cycles. Baseline compliance was 64% and 61% for the QLQ-C30 and RSCL questionnaires, respectively. Doxorubicin was associated with significantly more nausea/vomiting (P=0.001), loss of appetite (P=0.010) and a greater burden of disease and treatment (P=0.044), but with less bone pain (P=0.042) and rash (P=0.045) than paclitaxel. Both treatments were associated with improved emotional function and reduction in psychological distress at cycle 3. Longitudinal data suggested that doxorubicin was associated with less pain, specifically bone pain. Doxorubicin was more active but may have had more side-effects during the first three cycles. Long-term QL outcomes could not be assessed.
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PMID:Randomised trial of paclitaxel versus doxorubicin as first-line chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer: quality of life evaluation using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the Rotterdam symptom checklist. 1093 Jul 96


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