Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Doxorubicin (DXR) incorporated into biodegradable acrylate nanoparticles such as polyisohexylcyanoacrylate (PIHCA) has been shown to increase DXR cytotoxicity and reduce cardiotoxicity by modifying tissue distribution in preclinical studies. We have conducted a phase I clinical trial of DXR-PIHCA in 21 patients with refractory solid tumors (10 male, 11 female, median age: 53 years, median PS: 1, prior free-DXR therapy: 7 patients). A total of 32 courses at 28 day intervals were administered at 6 dose levels (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 mg/m2). The drug was given as a 10 minute IV infusion on day 1 to the first 5 patients: 2 of them presented a grade 2 allergic reaction (W.H.O. criteria) during infusion, which was rapidly reversible once drug administration was discontinued. Subsequently, in the other 16 patients, the administration was modified to a 60 minute i.v. perfusion diluted in 250 cc of Dextrose 5%: only 1 patient presented the same allergic reaction. Grade 2 fever and vomiting occurred in 9 patients and 7 patients respectively during the first 24 h after treatment. There was no cardiac toxicity among the 18 evaluable patients. Grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity occurred at the 75 and 90 mg/m2 dose level. The dose limiting toxicity was neutropenia. The maximum tolerated dose was 90 mg/m2 and the recommended phase II dose was 75 mg/m2. A pharmacokinetic evaluation of DXR-PIHCA was conducted in 3 patients each at a different dose level (60, 60 and 75 mg/m2) and was compared with free DXR given to the same patients in the same conditions.
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PMID:Phase I clinical trial and pharmacokinetic evaluation of doxorubicin carried by polyisohexylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles. 142 29

The effect of short-term (10 days) Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) administration on side reactions of combination chemotherapy with ADR, VDS and CDDP for primary lung cancer was studied by comparisons of MPA administration group (20 cases) with non administration group (30 cases). 1) Frequency of vomiting, duration of nausea and body weight loss were significantly improved in MPA administration Group (p less than 0.01). 2) Leukocyte and neutrophil counts in MPA administration group especially 7-10 days after of chemotherapy were maintained higher than these of non administration group (p less than 0.05). 3) Major side effects including thromboembolism in MPA administration group had not been observed. These results indicated that short-term MPA administration was relatively safe and effective in combination chemotherapy including CDDP.
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PMID:[Effect of short-term administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate on side reactions of combination chemotherapy with ADR, VDS and CDDP in primary lung cancer]. 182 10

An efficiency of the acute myeloblastic leukemia therapy has been assessed in 79 patients aged over 60 years. Twenty six patients out of this group have been treated with usual or reduced doses of doxorubicin and cytarabine (ADR-Ara-C) 35--low doses of cytarabine (LD Ara-C), 11-6-mercaptopurine (6 MP), and 7 patients died before chemotherapy. Complete remission in group treated with ADR-Ara-C was achieved in 23% of patients while partial remission in 42%. Median survival in this group was 5.8 months (range from 0.5 to 16 months). Percentage of the complete remissions in the group treated with LD-Ara-C was 6%, and partial remissions 40%. Median survival was 4.7 months (range from 0.5 to 14.2 months). Partial remission in 5 out of 11 patients treated with 6 MP (36%) and no complete remissions were noted. Median survival was 3.9 months. Therapy with ADR-Ara-C produced marked leucopenia and thrombocytopenia in the majority of treated patients. Vomiting, hemorrhagic complications, and bacterial infections have also been noted. These adverse reactions have been less frequent in patients treated with LD-Ara-C, and 6 MP. Ten patients (38%) treated with ADR-Ara-C and 7 patients treated with LD-Ara-C died during remission inducing therapy.
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PMID:[Results of treating acute myeloblastic leukemia in patients over 60 years of age]. 184 11

Nine dogs with intermediate- or high-grade lymphoma were prospectively entered into a protocol to be given a total of 15 weekly doses of doxorubicin (10 mg/m2 of body surface, IV) in an attempt to eliminate all clinical evidence of neoplasia, with minimal risk of drug toxicity. Eight of these dogs did not complete the protocol because of progression of the disease. The median number of doses administered to dogs that developed progressive disease before the regimen was completed was 5 (range, 2 to 9). Seven dogs achieved partial (n = 5) or complete (n = 2) remission, with median duration of 14 days (range, 7 to 231 days). The dog that was given all 15 weekly treatments remained in complete remission for 231 days. Complete remission that lasted for 14 days was observed in another dog. Toxicosis developed in 3 dogs; signs of toxicosis were generally mild and included colitis (n = 1), vomiting (n = 1), neutropenia (n = 1), and lethargy (n = 1). The lowest neutrophil count (1,876 cells/microliter) was seen in one dog after 7 doses of doxorubicin were given. Doxorubicin at dosage of 10 mg/m2/wk appears to be safe, but is generally ineffective for treatment of lymphoma.
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PMID:Weekly administration of low-dose doxorubicin for treatment of malignant lymphoma in dogs. 207 76

The aim of the present study is to confirm the antitumor activity of orally administered idarubicin (IDA) in patients with advanced breast cancer. Doxorubicin (ADRIA) was chosen as control treatment and the patients were randomized to receive either IDA or ADRIA according to a 2:1 ratio. Sixty-three patients, 77% of whom were pretreated with chemotherapy excluding anthracyclines, entered the study. The doses were: IDA 45 mg/m2 orally on 3 consecutive days every 28 days: ADRIA 75 (60) mg/m2 intravenously every 21 days. A complete + partial response (CR + PR) was observed in 11/37 (30%) evaluable cases treated with IDA and in 6/19 (32%) cases treated with ADRIA. If all the patients were included, the CR + PR remission rates were 27.5 and 27%, respectively. There were no significant differences as regards time to remission, duration of remission and survival. None of 10 cases who crossed over the treatments responded to the second therapy. The most frequent side effects of IDA were myelosuppression and nausea/vomiting. The only significant statistical difference between the two anthracyclines was the lower incidence of alopecia after IDA. Although there were 3 cases of cardiotoxicity after ADRIA, 2 of which severe, no case of clinical cardiotoxicity was observed after IDA. The present study confirms that orally administered IDA is an active agent in advanced breast cancer.
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PMID:Comparative phase II study of idarubicin versus doxorubicin in advanced breast cancer. 221 99

A prospective randomized study was done to determine the effect of different doxorubicin (Adriamycin [ADR], Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH) administration (schedules every week versus every 3 weeks) on the productivity of a cyclophosphamide, ADR, cisplatin (CAP) chemotherapy regimen for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Electrocardiograms, multigated cardiac scans, echocardiograms, and endomyocardial biopsies were done serially for cardiac monitoring. Of 102 patients, 47 ahd inoperable limited disease (LD), 47 had extensive disease (ED), and eight had no evidence of disease. In the last group chemotherapy was given adjuvantly. Fifty-one patients were entered into each treatment arm. The groups were formed according to extent of disease and were comparable in terms of patient characteristics. In these groups, the overall response rates using both schedules in LD patients were similar: in patients without chest irradiation previously, there was a response of 35% with ADR weekly, and 31% with ADR triweekly; in LD patients with chest irradiation previously, the response was 20% with ADR weekly, and 25% with ADR triweekly; and in ED patients, 16% with ADR weekly, and 11% with ADR triweekly. There was no significant difference in survival between the two treatment groups. However, results for all responders suggested a longer duration of response with weekly than with triweekly ADR (complete plus partial response: 35.8 versus 11.4 weeks, P = 0.06; minor response: 34 versus 11.5 weeks, P = 0.003, respectively). Results also suggested that weekly ADR was less cardiotoxic than triweekly ADR: 29% of patients in the former group had no changes or only minor changes in endomyocardial biopsy results, whereas all patients in the latter group had at least grade 0.5 changes at a similar dosage. The median doses of weekly ADR were higher at the same endomyocardial biopsy-defined toxicity levels. No correlation was found between toxic effects defined by endomyocardial biopsy results and those defined by noninvasive monitoring techniques, although the number of patients assessed was small. Weekly ADR produced less granulocytopenia and a lower incidence of fever (6% versus 16%, P less than 0.001) than did triweekly ADR. Alopecia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were significantly less for weekly ADR than triweekly Adr (P less than 0.0005, less than 0.0005, and less than 0.005, respectively). These data suggest that weekly ADR can achieve the same therapeutic results as the standard triweekly regimen with less cardiotoxicity, myelotoxicity, alopecia, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting in patients with NSCLC.
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PMID:Weekly doxorubicin versus doxorubicin every 3 weeks in cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. 255 35

Degradable starch microspheres (DSM) have a mean diameter of 45 micron and temporarily obstruct blood flow at the arteriolar (micro-circulatory) level. A new approach was attempted to improve the anticancer effect on non-resectable liver cancer with simultaneous administration of DSM and MMC (mitomycin C) or ADR (adriamycin) into hepatic artery. Three patients with primary liver cancer were treated with DSM (600-1200 mg) and ADR (20-60 mg), and five with metastatic liver cancer were treated with DSM and MMC (10-20 mg). The treatment was repeated two to ten times. Partial or minor responses were observed in 1 out of 3 cases of primary liver cancer and 3 out of 5 metastatic cases. Side effects of DSM were temporary and mild epigastric or chest pain, vomiting, fever, slight dyspnea, etc. A temporary change in the liver functional data (GOT, GPT) was noted in 3 patients. Selective intra-hepatic arterial chemo-embolization therapy with DSM would appear to be beneficial for the treatment of liver cancers with appropriate indications. Cases in which DSM and anticancer drugs were effected were presented in detail.
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PMID:[Hepatic arterial infusion of degradable starch microspheres (DSM) with adriamycin or mitomycin C in liver cancer]. 313 87

Doxorubicin and its epimerized analog epirubicin were tested at a dose of 75 mg/m2 given iv every 3 weeks to 42 patients with advanced breast cancer, 23 of whom were in relapse from prior cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-FU (CMF) chemotherapy. The median cumulative dose was 540 mg/m2 (range, 225-650) for doxorubicin and 565 mg/m2 (range, 150-600) for epirubicin. Complete plus partial response was documented in 11 of 21 patients (52%) following doxorubicin and in 13 of 21 patients (62%) following epirubicin. The median observation period was 22 months (range, 14-30); the median duration of response and the median survival were superimposable. Doxorubicin and epirubicin exhibited a superior response rate in previously untreated patients [six of eight (75%) vs eight of 11 (73%)] compared to those previously given CMF with or without endocrine therapy [five of 13 (38%) vs five of ten (50%)]. Vomiting, mucositis, and leukopenia were documented less frequently following administration of epirubicin as compared to doxorubicin. Regarding cardiac evaluation, no significant differences were evident between the two drugs. However, a significant fall in the left ventricular ejection fraction was documented in women who received doxorubicin following a cumulative dose greater than 550 mg/m2. Following completion of doxorubicin therapy at cumulative doses of 580 and 562 mg/m2, two women developed left ventricular failure at 6 and 14 months, respectively. Epirubicin appears to be an effective drug for the treatment of breast cancer and, given at equal doses, is less toxic than doxorubicin.
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PMID:Phase II study of doxorubicin versus epirubicin in advanced breast cancer. 345 71

Seven hundred and ninety-six consecutive patients with operable primary breast cancer treated with doxorubicin-containing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy between 1974 and 1982 were evaluated for assessment of the acute and long-term toxicities of the program. Most patients experienced nausea, vomiting, and alopecia, side effects that were totally reversible. Doxorubicin skin infiltration was observed in 6% of the patients. Hematologic toxicity was moderate, and only 26% of the patients had a granulocyte nadir of less than 1000 cells/ml. Febrile or infectious complications occurred in 6% of patients, of which 3% required hospitalization for observation and antibiotic treatment. No long-term hematologic changes were observed. Amenorrhea was reported by 80% of premenopausal patients. However, none of the patients under 30 years of age had menstrual abnormalities, whereas 96% of those 40-49 years of age developed amenorrhea. Amenorrhea was permanent for most women over 40, but for 50% of patients under 40 years of age, it was reversible. Endocrinologic studies showed that amenorrhea was a result of primary ovarian failure. The incidence of second malignant neoplasms was lower (1.3%) in the group treated with 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide than in the historical control group (4.8%). Cardiac toxicity data was evaluated in 460 patients. When up to a cumulative dose of 300 mg/m2 was given, 1% of the patients developed congestive heart failure. In 4 of these 5, adequate control was achieved with medical treatment; 1 patient died as a consequence of cardiac toxicity.
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PMID:Immediate and long-term toxicity of adjuvant chemotherapy regimens containing doxorubicin in trials at M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute. 353 81

Doxorubicin in a weekly fixed dose of 20 mg as i.v. bolus (WDA) was given to 48 patients with mostly pretreated progressing breast cancer. The response rate (CR + PR) was 9/48 (19%), and a further 16 (33%) of the patients achieved stable disease. Myelosuppression was mild and without clinical significance. Other side effects, particularly nausea, vomiting and hair loss were also relatively mild. Cardiac toxicity, however, was seen in six patients. Five of these six patients were previously treated with mitoxantrone or combination chemotherapy containing doxorubicin. Median response duration was 10+ months for responders and 11+ months in patients who had stable disease. It is concluded that weekly-dose doxorubicin has a favourable profile with a low frequency of side effects and that this treatment is an alternative to other cancer chemotherapy in breast cancer, especially when not only CR and PR but even stabilization of disease is considered of benefit to the patient.
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PMID:Weekly-dose doxorubicin (WDA) in advanced breast cancer. 378 19


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