Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two hundred forty-six adults with advanced progressive soft tissue sarcoma received combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), and DTIC. They were randomly allocated to receive the four drugs simultaneously every 4 weeks (S1: CYVADIC), or pairs of drugs (S2: ADIC-CYV) alternating at 4 weekly intervals. One hundred sixty-two patients completed 8 weeks of chemotherapy, and were considered to be evaluable for response. There were 18 complete remissions and 25 partial remissions, an overall response rate of 26%, with a highly significant difference between the two arms in favor of S1 (38% versus 14%, P = 0.001). There were no significant differences between S1 and S2 in terms of median duration of remissions (62 versus 39 weeks), and median survival of responders (85 versus 80 weeks) and of all evaluable patients (43 versus 45 weeks). Karnofsky index (KI) was the single most important prognostic factor. Patients with KI 90-100 showed a remission rate of 41% (56% on the S1 regimen) in contrast with 14% in those with KI 50-80. No patient with a KI of 50 responded to chemotherapy. The main toxicities were nausea, vomiting, anorexia, alopecia and myelosuppression, but did not differ significantly between the two regimens. Our findings suggest that stratification according to KI is essential for studies on chemotherapy for advanced soft tissue sarcomas in order to make a valuable comparison of treatment results.
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PMID:Cyvadic in advanced soft tissue sarcoma: a randomized study comparing two schedules. A study of the EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. 636 47

Thirty-eight women with advanced ovarian cancer were given monthly cycles of intravenous cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and cis-platin, and oral hexamethylmelamine. Of 26 with tumor which would be evaluated for response, 42% had complete remission and 50% partial remission. Median time to disease progression from entry for all 38 patients was 13 months, and median survival 23.5 months. The bulk of tumor at the time chemotherapy was begun was the only significant prognostic factor for time to disease progression and survival. Of the seven women surviving free of disease a median of three years later, five had no mass greater than 2 centimeters in diameter at entry. Toxicity was predominantly myelosuppression and vomiting, with mild peripheral neuropathy in 27% and no significant renal or cardiac toxicity. The response rate of 92% is much higher than that previously reported with melphalan, and the survival considerably longer. The toxicity is acceptable, given the substantial improvement in results.
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PMID:Cis-platin based combination chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer. High overall response rate with curative potential only in women with small tumor burdens. 640 47

Twenty-two patients who had metastatic breast cancer previously treated with combination chemotherapy, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) or CMF with vincristine and prednisone, were treated with Carminomycin (carubicin) 20 mg/m2 body surface area by intravenous bolus injection once every 3 weeks. Of 21 evaluable patients, 1 patient achieved complete remission, 5 patients achieved partial responses, and 11 remained stable. Cases of acute drug toxicity included myelosuppression, phlebitis, and gastrointestinal symptoms; there were four cases of mild alopecia, which consisted of thinning of the scalp hair. There were three cases of biopsy-proven cardiomyopathy, contrary to previous reports from the United Soviet Socialist Republic, which indicated that this drug was relatively free of cardiotoxicity. The median duration of remission for responders was 23 weeks. It is believed that Carminomycin has significant activity against metastatic breast cancer and, because its side effects, especially nausea, vomiting, and alopecia, were considerably milder than those experienced with Adriamycin, further investigation of this drug is warranted.
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PMID:Carminomycin. A new anthracycline analog in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. 654 98

Of 3 patients with adult ALL and 23 patients with NHL treated with intravenous administration of 10 mg/M2 of THP for 5 consecutive days, complete remission was observed in 3 patients and partial remission in 14. The antitumor spectrum of THP seemed to be similar to that of Adriamycin from evidence that THP was effective in patients with NHL of diffuse large and mixed cell type. Neither cardiotoxicity nor alopecia was noticed. Anorexia, nausea or vomiting was mild but granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were severe in the patients with ALL and leukemic type NHL. Further studies are required for determining cross resistance to other anthracyclines and an optimal dose schedule.
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PMID:[Effects of single administration of tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) in lymphoid malignancy]. 658 24

A phase I study of 4'-Epi-Adriamycin, a new derivative of Adriamycin, was carried out in 36 cases with various malignant tumors, among which 30 cases were evaluable. Starting dose was 10 mg/m2 and this was increased up to 80 mg/m2. The dose limiting factor was leukopenia. Leukocyte nadir was reached about two weeks after administration and about nine days (mean) were needed for recovery. Other main side effects were anorexia, nausea vomiting, and alopecia. These side effects were mainly observed in cases given doses of over of 60 mg/m2. However, there were only a few serious cases suggesting that the clinical toxicities of 4'-Epi-Adriamycin were milder than those of Adriamycin. From the result of this study, it appeared that maximum tolerated dose of the drug is 80 mg/m2, and the dose recommended for the phase II study is 60 mg/m2 every three weeks.
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PMID:[A phase I study of 4'-epi-adriamycin, a new anthracycline anticancer agent]. 659 78

Forty-one patients with advanced squamous cell lung cancer and no prior chemotherapy were entered in a prospectively randomized trial comparing dianhydrogalactitol plus Adriamycin (DA) versus DA plus cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (DAP). The DAP regimen was superior to the DA regimen in regression rate (53% versus 27%), median regression duration (255 versus 122 days), median time to tumor progression (approximately 175 versus 58 days), and median survival time (185 versus 126 days). Patients who were greater than 60 years old responded particularly well to the DAP regimen and accounted for most of the survival advantage. Nausea, vomiting, and myelosuppression were more frequent and severe with the DAP regimen. This study seems to indicate a role of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in patients with advanced squamous cell lung cancer. The particular advantage noted for older patients needs further evaluation.
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PMID:A role of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in squamous cell lung cancer. 699 Nov 7

Sixty-four patients receiving cancer chemotherapy known to induce severe emesis entered a randomized double-blind study of the antiemetic efficacy of haloperidol (Haldol) and benzquinamide (Emetecon). Patients preferred haloperidol for control of emesis induced by cis-platinum (78 vs. 22%) or nitrogen mustard (67 vs. 16%). Patients receiving Doxorubicin preferred benzquinamide by a small margin (46 to 38%). Individual patients who experienced no relief with their first antiemetic (13 of 15) usually got some relief with the other after crossover. Haloperidol was more effective than benzquinamide (54 vs. 29%) in patients previously unrelieved by prochlorperazine (Compazine). Complete relief of vomiting was obtained in 14 of 45 patients receiving haloperidol but only five of 41 patients receiving benzquinamide experienced no vomiting, again dependent on the anticancer agent used. Although haloperidol is a more effective antiemetic agent overall, efficacy is related to the anticancer treatment and probably to individual patient characteristics.
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PMID:Specific antiemetics for specific cancer chemotherapeutic agents: haloperidol versus benzquinamide. 701 68

Patients with advanced breast carcinoma and no prior chemotherapy were prospectively evaluated to assess the induction capabilities of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF), Adriamycin and vincristine (AV), and CMF plus prednisone (CMFP). The crossover responsiveness from CMF or CMFP to AV and of AV to CMF were also assessed. A disproportionate randomization led to 166 analyzable cases on AV, 79 on CMF were also assessed. A disproportionate randomization led to 166 analyzable cases on AV, 79 on CMF and 86 on CMFP induction. One hundred and twelve patients were evaluated on crossover. Induction response rates were similar with 56% on AV, 57% on CMF and 63% on CMFP. Crossover response rates ranged from 32% to 41%. CMFP and AV were superior to CMF in terms of response duration (P = 0.05), and CMFP was superior to either in terms of time to treatment failure (P = 0.04), and survival (P = 0.03). Treatment failures occurred in only the on-study organ sites of disease in 73% of the patients and did not appear to be related to the response achieved. CMF was associated with more thrombocytopenia than either AV or CMFP (P = 0.03). AV was associated with fewer infections than CMFP (P = 0.02), less diarrhea than CMFP (P = 0.04), more emesis than CMF (P = 0.02), and more neurologic toxicity than either CMF or CMFP (P less than 0.0001). There was also more emesis with CMF than with CMFP (P = 0.006). CMFP was associated with greater delivery of CMF than was the CMF regimen despite a similar day 1 leukocyte distribution. These results strongly suggest that CMF(P) and AV are clinically noncross-resistant regimens, that AV and CMF are essentially equivalently active induction regimens, and that CMFP is superior to CMF and AV.
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PMID:Comparison of induction chemotherapies for metastatic breast cancer. An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial. 704 47

This randomized study, conducted by the Eastern cooperative Oncology Group, compared Adriamycin (doxorubicin) (70 mg/m2) versus vincristine (1.4 mg/m2) and Adriamycin (50 mg/m2); and cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m2) versus vincristine (1.4 mg/m2), actinomycin-D (0.4 mg/m2), and cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m2) for treatment of metastatic mesenchymal malignancies. The respective response rate seen in 200 evaluable patients to the treatments were, 27, 19, and 11%. The response rate to Adriamycin was significant better than the response to vincristine, actinomycin-D, and cyclophosphamide (P = 0.03, two-sided). The respective median survivals on the three treatments were 37, 34, and 41 weeks and were not significantly different. Moderate or severe vomiting occurred in 60% of patients receiving vincristine-cyclophosphamide-adriamycin, a greater frequency than in Adriamycin alone (P = .09 two-sided) Severe or life-threatening hematologic toxicity (leukocytes less than 2000, platelets less than 50,000) occurred in 30% of patients receiving the Adriamycin combination, a markedly increased frequency when compared to the other two regimens (P equals 0.07, P = 0.02, two-sided). This trial establishes that Adriamycin has a better response rate than the combination of vincristine-actinomycin-D-cyclophosphamide in advanced sarcomas. The combination of vincristine, Adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide increased toxicity and did not add to the therapeutic effect achieved with Adriamycin alone.
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PMID:A comparison of adriamycin versus vincristine and adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide versus vincristine, actinomycin-D, and cyclophosphamide for advanced sarcoma. 713 66

Twenty-seven patients with measurable or evaluable, regionally advanced or metastatic head and neck cancer were given a combination of cyclophosphamide (C), Adriamycin (A), and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (P). Most patients had received extensive prior surgery and/or radiation therapy. Among 25 evaluable patients, the overall response rate was 64% (16/25) with 3/25 complete responders and 13/25 partial responders. The median survival for the entire group of 25 patients and the median response duration for the subset of 16 patients experiencing tumor regression were 8.1 and 7.0 months, respectively. Responders lived significantly longer than nonresponders (11 months vs. six months, P less than 0.01). According to covariate analysis, the difference seems to reflect the influence of response to treatment and not other confounding variables. Almost all patients experienced anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and a pervasive feeling of ill-health. In fact, six patients declined further treatment and five of these had objective tumor regressions. Recurrent disease was detected three months following discontinuation of chemotherapy in four of these five patients and seven months later in the fifth. Myelosuppression was clinically acceptable and there was in this dosage and schedule no evidence of hepatic or renal impairment. Although the CAP regimen has substantial antitumor activity, the program is clinically rigorous and should remain an investigational treatment modality at the present time.
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PMID:Cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) in the treatment of patients with advanced head and neck cancer. 719 79


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