Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glioblastoma multiforme is recognized rarely in the cerebellum. We describe a peculiar case with lipid accumulation in giant tumor cells, possibly the second example so far reported in this unusual location. A 46-year-old man with a 5-month history of headache, vomiting, dizziness and instability of gait, was found to have on magnetic resonance imaging an expanding mass situated deep in the left cerebellar hemisphere. The lesion was hypointense in T 1- and hyperintense in T2-weighted images, had poorly defined borders, peripheral edema and annular foci of contrast enhancement. Eight months after subtotal removal and radiotherapy, control MRI showed tumor recurrence with aggressive features. The patient was alive 15 months after operation but follow-up was eventually lost. Histologically, the tumor showed marked pleomorphism, with many giant cells characterized by finely vacuolated cytoplasm strongly suggestive of lipid accumulation. There were few, sometimes atypical mitotic figures and foci of endothelial proliferation. The tumor cells were strongly positive for GFAP, vimentin and S100 protein, all of which stressed the foamy appearance of the giant cells. About 15% of nuclei were positive for Ki-67. We considered the case to be a so-called lipidized glioblastoma, first recognized as a subtype by Kepes and Rubinstein [1981]. Differential diagnosis with anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is discussed.
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PMID:Lipidized giant-cell glioblastoma of cerebellum. 1632 Aug 20

We report a carcinosarcoma of the pancreas in a 67-year-old woman who presented with nausea, vomiting, and painless jaundice. A work-up demonstrated a well-circumscribed mass in the head of the pancreas. After pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, the tumor was found to be grossly yellow, and it compressed the common bile duct and pancreatic duct. Histological examination of the neoplasm showed a 4.0 x 4.0 x 3.0-cm mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with invasive poorly differentiated carcinoma, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and sarcomatous stroma invading into the duodenum. There was no evidence of nodal metastasis (pT3N0M0). Immunohistochemical studies showed that the epithelial cells stained positive for cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin AE1/3, cytokeratin monoclonal antibody 5.2, epithelial membrane antigen, M-carcinoembryonic antigen, and low-molecular-weight kininogen, and the sarcomatous component was immunoreactive with vimentin. The patient had an uneventful recovery, but died 4 months later of rapidly progressive metastatic disease to the liver and peritoneum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of carcinosarcoma with invasive epithelial and sarcomatous areas in the background of a mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas.
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PMID:Carcinosarcoma of the pancreas arising in a mucinous cystic neoplasm. 1667 63

The authors report the case of a 2-year-old boy with a primary, diffuse leptomeningeal oligodendroglioma in which the deletion of chromosome arm lp was identified by performing a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. This previously healthy child initially presented with malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and macrocephaly. Imaging studies confirmed the presence of hydrocephalus, and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed. The postoperative course was complicated by emesis, continued weight loss, and numerous seizurelike episodes. A contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging study performed approximately 10 weeks postoperatively showed diffuse leptomeningeal thickening and enhancement without evidence of an intraparenchymal mass lesion. A right frontal lobe brain biopsy revealed a hypercellular proliferation of small oligodendroglioma-like cells, which occupied the leptomeninges diffusely and spared the underlying cortical gray matter. The tumor cells displayed prominent perinuclear clearing and had evenly spaced, uniformly round nuclei. Occasional mitotic figures were observed. Background vessels were thin and delicate, and there was no evidence of necrosis. The tumor cells showed strong immunoreactivity for S100 protein; the results of immunohistochemical staining were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, NeuN, and synaptophysin. The deletion of lp was demonstrated by FISH analysis; lq, 19p, and 19q were intact. This appears to be the first reported case of a primary diffuse leptomeningeal oligodendroglioma in which a lp deletion was identified.
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PMID:Primary disseminated leptomeningeal oligodendroglioma with 1p deletion. Case report. 1718 79

Primary central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors mostly occur during early childhood and are almost invariably fatal. These tumors show similar histological and radiological features to primitive neuroectodermal tumor, medulloblastoma and choroid plexus carcinoma, but present different biological behaviors. We present the case of an 18 year-old man who presented headache, vomiting and ataxia. CT-scan and MRI revealed a posterior fossa tumor. A gross total resection was performed. An intraoperative study showed papillary-like tumors with large cells and mitotic features. Histological examination showed two different main growth patterns: solid sheets of undifferentiated polygonal cells with papillary features and rhabdoid cells. Immunohistochemically, these rhabdoid cells were positive for vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, smooth-muscle actin, cytokeratin, S-100 protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Electro-microscopically, the typical rhabdoid cells contained whorled bundles of intermediate filaments in their cytoplasm. A rhabdoid tumor is a clinical-pathological entity and emphasizes the necessity to distinguish this unique tumor from other pediatric central nervous system neoplasms. Cytopathological features, immunohistochemistry and electro-microscopy differential diagnoses are discussed.
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PMID:Rhabdoid choroid plexus carcinoma: a rare histological type. 1787 20

A 1-year-old intact female miniature Dachshund was presented with hematochezia, vomiting, and diarrhea of more than 1-week duration. An abdominal mass was palpated, which at exploratory surgery was found to be a 7-cm-long thickened section of ileum. The thickened ileum was resected. Impression smears revealed numerous small- to medium-sized lymphocytes, with a smaller number of cells resembling Mott cells. The Mott-like cells contained multiple pale vacuoles that were positive for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) in wet-fixed smears, consistent with Russell bodies. Histologic evaluation of the surgically excised ileum revealed 2 populations of neoplastic lymphoid cells. The majority were uniform medium-sized lymphocytes with hyperchromatic oval or round nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli. The remaining cells resembled Mott cells, which contained several PAS-positive eosinophilic globules in the cytoplasm, occasionally compressing the nucleus. The majority of neoplastic cells stained positively for vimentin, CD20, CD79a, and Pax-5, but were negative for CD3 and lysozyme; 43.5% of cells stained positively for Ki-67. The Mott cells were strongly positive for immunoglobulin but were negative for Pax-5. Using electron microscopy, a homogenous substance of intermediate electron density was observed frequently in the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm of the Mott cells, and rarely in the perinuclear cisternae of the lymphoid cells, corresponding to the site of immunoglobulin staining. Monoclonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) gene was observed by PCR testing for lymphocyte-antigen receptor rearrangement. The morphologic features, immunophenotype, and IgH gene rearrangement verified the lymphoid cells were neoplastic (mature cell type) and had a B-cell phenotype, with evidence of immunoglobulin production and differentiation into Mott cells. This case was unusual because of the age of the dog and because most intestinal lymphomas are T-cell phenotype. The Mott cell morphology also differed from typical mature B-cell lymphoma types and may be a unique B-cell lymphoma variant.
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PMID:B-cell intestinal lymphoma with Mott cell differentiation in a 1-year-old miniature Dachshund. 1905 69

Gastric carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs) is an extremely rare tumor. So far, only six cases have been reported in the literature. Here we report an additional case of this tumor in a Chinese 78-year-old man presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and hematemesis. Physical examination and gastroscopy revealed a tumor in the gastric antrum. The biopsy and pathological findings indicated a gastric adenocarcinoma with OGCs, which were present in both the tumor and the metastatic lymph nodes. Further immunohistochemical staining indicated that OGCs were reactive with CD68, CD45, and vimentin protein, but not with pancytokeratin, carcinoembryonic antigen, or epithelial membrane antigen, suggesting the monocytic/histiocytic derivation of these OGCs. In situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus showed no nuclear positivity in either adenocarcinoma or OGCs. Postoperative follow-up showed that the patient had survived for at least 6 months without recurrence. Further investigation is warranted to clearly define the prognostic significance of OGCs in gastric carcinoma.
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PMID:Gastric carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells: a case report and review of the literature. 1928 80

We report a case of a 2 year-old girl who presented with three weeks' history of deterioration of walking, then became unable to walk and later she developed projectile vomiting. Neurological examination revealed bilateral papilledema, nystagmus, and truncal ataxia with intention tremor. Radiological studies showed an enhancing mass in the posterior fossa extending from the cerebellum to the roof of the fourth ventricle. The tumor was diagnosed as an embryonal tumor with abundant neuropil and true rosettes (ETANTR). The tumor cells in the neuroblastic component were diffusely positive for synaptophysin and CD56, with scattered positive cells for glial fibrillary acidic protein. The true rosettes were only positive for vimentin. Ki67 showed high index (over 90%) in the true rosettes, while the neuroblastic areas were up to 15%. Our patient developed recurrent disease 6 months after resection and chemotherapy. ETANTR is a very rare aggressive embryonal CNS tumor that combines features of neuroblastoma and ependymoblastoma. We review the thirteen cases reported in the literatures. This case represents the second report of an ETANTR arising in the cerebellum.
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PMID:Posterior fossa tumor in a 2 year-old girl. 1929 Oct 3

The nongerminomatous germ cell tumor occurring in the fourth ventricle is extremely rare. A 9-year-old boy presented with symptoms of obvious headache, projectile vomiting, diplopia and motor weakness. MRI scanning revealed lesions occupying the fourth ventricle, with dual-lateral ventricle expansion after gadolinium administration. Suboccipital craniectomy was performed and the tumor was removed by block resection. Twice intraoperative biopsy specimens revealed fiber vascular tissue and hemangioma. Histological examination revealed that the tumor consisted of loose network structures and Schiller-Duval bodies. Immunohistochemical study showed that the primitive germ cells were positive for placental alkaline phosphatase, alpha-fetoprotein, cytokeratin, vimentin, but negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein. The histological diagnosis was pure yolk sac tumor. Two years after surgery, he has suffered no tumor recurrence. A combination of surgical treatment, radiation and chemotherapy is mandatory.
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PMID:Yolk sac tumor in the fourth ventricle: a case report. 1954 38

Ependymomas are relatively rare neoplasms of the central nervous system that typically develop along cerebral ventricles and central canal of spinal cord. Occasionally, the tumours of ependymal origin arise supratentorially in brain parenchyma as ectopic cortical mass without any connection to the ventricular system. Ependymomas are heterogeneous group of tumours including cellular, papillary, clear cell and tanacytic histology. The papillary ependymoma is an unusual variant of ependymoma characterized by distinct morphology resembling other papillary tumours and corresponding to WHO grade II malignancy. We present an unique case of ependymoma with distinctive papillary morphology at ectopic superficial cortical localization. The tumour occurred in eleven-years-old girl as a large, well-circumscribed mass in the left parietal lobe without continuity with the ventricular system. The patient presented with severe headache, vomiting and sudden-onset right hemiparesis. Histopathologically, the tumour revealed distinct papillary pattern with numerous pseudorosettes. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells of both papillary structures and pseudorosettes were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin, whereas they were only slightly immunoreactive for epithelial membrane antigen and negative for cytokeratins. Ultrastructural findings revealed the presence of cilia usually located in the neoplastic cell bodies and intermediate glial-like filaments. The final diagnosis of papillary ependymoma at ectopic superficial localization was based on both, immunophenotypic profile and ultrastructural features that confirmed ependymal nature of neoplastic cells.
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PMID:Papillary ependymoma with unique superficial cortical location: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. A case report. 2005 88

We hereby report an extremely unusual case of cystic angiomatous meningioma in the CPA region in a 58-year-old male patient. He presented with complaints of headache, repeated episodes of vomiting and increasing unsteadiness of gait. Neuroimaging showed a large multicystic left-sided tentorial tumor projecting into the cerebellum and CPA with contrast-enhancing peripheral solid rim. He underwent a left retromastoid craniectomy and total excision of the tumor. Histopathology revealed an angiomatous meningioma with predominant microvascular component and extensive cystic changes. Immunopositivity for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), vimentin and S-100 protein proved vital in excluding a hemangioblastoma.
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PMID:Cystic angiomatous meningioma in the cerebellopontine angle mimicking hemangioblastoma. 2135 2


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