Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma were treated by intra-arterial subsegmental injection of Cisplatin/4-0-Tetrahydro-Pyranyl-adriamycin Lipiodol suspension (CTLS). The mean single doses of Lipiodol, cisplatin and THP were 2.3 ml, 85 mg and 8.9 mg, respectively. The therapy was given once in 10 patients, twice in 8 and 3 times in two. Over 25% reduction in tumor size was recognized in 12 patients (60%). Fifty or more % decrease of alfa-feto-protein (AFP) was observed in all of 7 patients (100%) with the initial serum AFP level of more than 200 ng/ml. Although transitional and mild symptoms, such as fever, abdominal pain and vomiting were recognized in some cases, no severe complications were encountered. This method is promising as an excellent procedure for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:[Anticancer and side effect of arterial subsegmental chemoembolization using cisplatinum/pirarubicin lipiodol suspension (CTLS) for hepatocellular carcinoma]. 769 22

The emetic profile of action of cisplatin 5 and 10 mg/kg i.p. was investigated in the ferret over a 72 and 40 h period respectively. Cisplatin 10 mg/kg induced retching and vomiting which rapidly declined after the first 8 h. Cisplatin 5 mg/kg induced a less intense emetic response which declined after 16 h but reappeared at approximately 32 h to reveal a 'delayed' retching and vomiting response. The use of cisplatin 5 mg/kg may offer a regimen to model cytotoxic acute and delayed emesis.
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PMID:Profiles of emetic action of cisplatin in the ferret: a potential model of acute and delayed emesis. 781 58

Experiences with cisplatin and carboplatin are summarized in this paper. The treatment response to monotherapy with cisplatin or carboplatin was proved in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. This is necessary condition for the application of the drug in polychemotherapy. Cisplatin and carboplatin based combinations are not used as an initial therapy. The indications for these two drugs are primary resistant malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma, or relapses of these diseases not responding to conventional therapy. Cisplatin based combination therapy can in these indications prolong the survival in 30-40% of patients. The role of carboplatin in malignant lymphoma is not clear yet and is under investigation. The effective antiemetic therapy (ondansetron, granisetron) miligated the fear of vomiting and therefore these combinations are used in resistant malignant lymphoproliferative diseases more then some years ago. In the tables are shown the chemotherapeutic combinations used in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, Hodgkin disease and multiple myeloma.
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PMID:[Cisplatin and carboplatin in the treatment of malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma]. 783 34

Ondansetron in the prophylaxis of Cisplatin-induced emesis and nausea. The 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron clearly offers a new approach to the control of Cisplatin-induced emesis and has been evaluated in Thailand. To evaluate anti-emetic efficacy of ondansetron in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by Cisplatin containing cancer chemotherapy regimen, we carried out an open multicentre study from January 1991 to December 1992. In this study, patients receiving Cisplatin based chemotherapy received ondansetron 32 mg as a single intravenous dose over 15 minutes prior to the administration of Cisplatin. This was followed by oral ondansetron 8 mg three times a day, preferably one hour before each meal for 5 days. All patients were chemotherapy naive in-patients and were at least 18 years or older with Karnofsky performance status of at least 60 per cent. The number of emetic episodes, nausea and food intake were recorded during the 24 hours following Cisplatin administration. A total of 103 patients were recruited with 84 (81.6%) evaluable patients (48 men and 36 women) scheduled to receive cisplatin chemotherapy at dose 60 mg/m2 or more (60-100 mg/m2), either as single agent or combination therapy. Complete response (complete control of emesis) was achieved in 60 per cent; major response (1-2 emetic episodes) was 13 per cent; minor response (3-5 emetic episodes) was 13 per cent; and failure (5+ emetic episodes) was 10 per cent. Side effects were very mild and not significant. We conclude that ondansetron is efficacious in protecting patients from Cisplatin induced emesis and nausea.
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PMID:Ondansetron: prevention of nausea & vomiting in cisplatin based chemotherapy. 784 94

To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of escalating doses of interferon-alpha-2b (IFN, Intron A) with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (DDP) in patients with advanced cancer, 15 patients were accrued between May 1990 and July 1991. Primary sites were unknown (3), colorectal (3), head and neck (2), lung (2), gynecologic (1), gallbladder (1), sarcoma (1), anal canal (1) and pancreas (1). IFN was given s.c. on days 1-5 and then three times weekly with DDP (75 mg/m2, day 1) and 5-FU [750 mg/m2, days 1-5, continuous infusion (CI) on a 28-day cycle. The first two patients treated at level I (3 x 10(6) U/m2 s.c.) experienced possible neurotoxic deaths [massive cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and metabolic encephalopathy], and patient 3 had a grade 4 toxicity of performance status decline. Analysis of these events led us to exclude the enrollment of patients on i.v. morphine and of those with prior exposure to DDP. This resulted in grade 3 toxicity in terms of nausea, vomiting, fatigue and leukopenia but in no further CNS event. All patients were evaluable for toxicity but only ten were evaluable for response. Only two partial responses were seen, one in a patient with an unknown primary tumour and one in a patient with head and neck cancer. The combination of IFN is possible with 5-FU and DDP. The recommended dose of IFN is 2 x 10(6) U/m2 s.c. in patients with no prior exposure to DDP or i.v. morphine, given together with 5-FU (750 mg/m2, days 1-5, CI) and DDP (75 mg/m2, day 1) on a 28-day cycle.
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PMID:A phase I study of recombinant human interferon alpha-2b combined with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in patients with advanced cancer. 788 58

Nausea and vomiting are extremely common and most distressing side effects of high-dose cisplatin therapy. Cisplatin induces anticipatory and acute, as well as, delayed emesis. High doses of metoclopramide can effectively decrease the intensity of these symptoms in up to 70% of cases. Several agents, including dexamethasone and antihistamines have been demonstrated to either increase the efficacy of metoclopramide or decrease the side effects. Lorazepam, a benzodiazepine, has both antiemetic and anxiolytic properties. It can be useful as an adjunct to metoclopramide-based therapy. We conducted a randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of lorazepam in managing anticipatory, acute, and delayed emesis induced by high doses of cisplatin. A total of 180 events involving cisplatin administration (100 mg/m2 as a 24-hour continuous infusion) were randomized to receive metoclopramide along with dexamethasone and clemastine with and without lorazepam. Categorical scales were utilized to document the incidence of nausea and vomiting and side effects related to antiemetic therapy. All episodes are evaluable. Lorazepam significantly reduced the incidence of anticipatory nausea and vomiting (P < .05) as well as acute emesis (P = .05) induced by cisplatin. Delayed emesis was also decreased; however, it was statistically significant on day 3 only (P < .05). Side effects were few except for mild sedation and amnesia, which were significantly more common in those receiving lorazepam (P < .001). We conclude that lorazepam increases the efficacy of metoclopramide against cisplatin-induced anticipatory, acute, and delayed nausea and vomiting. This four-drug regimen may offer one of the best combinations to be utilized in comparative trials against the newly introduced serotonin antagonists.
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PMID:Clinical efficacy of lorazepam in prophylaxis of anticipatory, acute, and delayed nausea and vomiting induced by high doses of cisplatin. A prospective randomized trial. 790 Jul 11

Cisplatin was administered at a dosage of 50 mg/m2 of body surface to 69 dogs with various neoplasms. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive antiemetics according to 1 of the following 5 protocols: group 1, no antiemetic (control, n = 45 treatments); group 2, 0.4 mg of butorphanol/kg of body weight (n = 52 treatments); group 3, 0.2 mg of butorphanol/kg (n = 19 treatments); group 4, 2 mg of cyproheptadine/kg (n = 48 treatments); and group 5, 1 mg of cyproheptadine/kg (n = 10 treatments). Randomization was performed for each dog prior to each treatment. Butorphanol was administered IM immediately after completion of cisplatin infusion. Cyproheptadine was given orally 12 to 14 hours before and again immediately before cisplatin administration. The proportion of dogs that vomited in group 1 was 40 of 45 (89%). Butorphanol at a dosage of 0.4 mg/kg proved highly effective in preventing cisplatin-induced vomiting, reducing the proportion of dogs that vomited (10/52, 19%) compared with the control group.
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PMID:Evaluation of butorphanol and cyproheptadine for prevention of cisplatin-induced vomiting in dogs. 796 Oct 70

In an attempt to improve local control of locally advanced head and neck cancer, radiation therapy was combined with cisplatin. Forty-eight patients entered into this study. All patients were irradiated with a 60Co unit and according to the protocol they should receive 70 Gy in the tumor area and 45 Gy in the rest of neck. Cisplatin was administered at a dose of 100 mg/m2 on days 2, 22 and 42. Thirty-seven (80%) patients received the total radiation dose as initially planned. Thirty-four (72%) patients achieved complete and 5 (10%) partial response. Grade 3-4 toxicities included vomiting (14%), stomatitis (4%), diarrhea (2%), myelotoxicity (14%), hoarseness (4%), dysphagia (30%), weight loss (32%), nephrotoxicity (4%) and dermatitis (2%). After a median follow-up of 26 (range, 18-33) months, 16 patients have died. Among the 35 complete responders 6 later on relapsed. Median relapse-free survival has not yet been reached. Combined radiation therapy and cisplatin appears to be a highly active treatment in patients with advanced head and neck cancer as far as primary locoregional response is concerned.
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PMID:Radiation therapy and concurrent cisplatin administration in locally advanced head and neck cancer. A Hellenic Co-operative Oncology Group study. 799 53

The effect of cisplatin on plasma peptide YY (PYY) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) concentrations was determined in conscious dogs (n = 6 per group) pretreated with either saline, or the 5-HT3-receptor antagonists ondansetron or granisetron. Cisplatin (3.0 mg kg-1, i.v.) caused emesis (18.8 +/- 2.9 episodes; 75-284 min) and significantly increased the mean area under the curve (AUC) over a 6-h period of plasma PYY concentrations (7.4 +/- 1.8 to 11.5 +/- 3.7 ng) in all saline-pretreated dogs, whereas the mean AUC of plasma 5-HT concentrations did not significantly increase (34.7 +/- 7.4 vs 35.6 +/- 12.3 pM h). The concentrations of PYY correlated closely with the incidence of emesis (r = 0.99). In animals pretreated (36 min) with ondansetron (0.316 mg kg-1, i.v.) or granisetron (0.316 mg kg-1, i.v.), the number of cisplatin-induced emetic episodes was significantly (P < 0.005) decreased compared with control. In animals receiving cisplatin and pretreated with ondansetron, PYY concentrations were not significantly altered, whereas the mean AUC of plasma concentrations of 5-HT over 6 h increased (35.6 +/- 12.3 to 82.3 +/- 34.6 pM h; P < 0.05). In animals receiving cisplatin and pretreated with granisetron, plasma concentrations of 5-HT were not significantly altered, whereas the mean AUC of plasma PYY concentrations were significantly reduced compared with control (6.2 +/- 1.7 vs 11.5 +/- 3.7 ng h).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Plasma levels of peptide YY correlate with cisplatin-induced emesis in dogs. 799 81

Intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been attempted to treat peritoneal seeding in patients with gastric cancer. In this study, 13 patients with far advanced gastric cancer were given a complex chemotherapy regimen, cisplatin and etoposide, intraperitoneally during surgery. Cisplatin and etoposide was given 100 mg/body (58-90 mg/m2) and 200 mg/body (115-180 mg/m2), respectively, before closing the abdominal wall. There was one operative death who had an unresectable gastric cancer and died due to respiratory insufficiency, probably related to the drugs. There were no critical side effects due to the drugs among patients who underwent gastrectomy. Postoperative complications encountered were 2 cases of leukopenia, 2 of vomiting, 2 of renal impairment and 1 of liver dysfunction. These complications were transient and limited. The median survival duration was 7.0 months in this study. Thus, intraperitoneal cisplatin and etoposide should be examined for clinical use in larger scale trials.
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PMID:Intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin and etoposide during surgery for patients with gastric cancer. 813 89


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