Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy and side effects of a new synthetic compound, 16-phenoxy-W-17, 18, 19, 20-tetranor prostaglandin E2 methylsulfonylamide, for menstrual induction. The study was conducted in an outpatient clinic in 240 patients with a delay in menstruation of 6-14 days. In 206 patients (86%) the immunologic pregnancy test was positive before prostaglandin administration. Most of the remaining 34 (14%) patients with a negative pregnancy test had symptoms suggestive of pregnancy. Whenever there was doubt that amenorrhea was due to reasons other than pregnancy, the patients were not treated with prostaglandins. The patients' age range was 16-32 years; the parity range was 0-6. The treatment was successful in 228 patients (95%), i.e., there was uterine bleeding after prostaglandin administration followed by a negative pregnancy test within 14 days. In 6 patients with failed treatment, there was uterine bleeding after prostaglandin administration lasting for 2-13 days but the pregnancy remained positive. Prostaglandin failed to induce bleeding in 4 patients. In 3 of the patients the pregnancy test was positive before and 14 days after prostaglandin administration. The uterus was evacuated by vacuum aspiration in 9 patients. In 1 patient who had no uterine bleeding, pregnancy test was negative both before and 2 weeks after prostaglandin administration. 2 patients were admitted to the hospital the day after prostaglandin treatment for excessive bleeding. Curettage was carried out in both these patients and the bleeding stopped. 1 patient was readmitted to the hospital 8 hours after prostaglandin administration with severe pain in the lower abdominal region. On further examination a tubal pregnancy was diagnosed and confirmed by laparotomy. 2 patients were successfully treated for pelvic infection with antibiotics 7-10 days after prostaglandin administration. All patients experienced mild uterine pain a few minutes after prostaglandin administration. 16 patients required analgesics. The majority of the patients described the bleeding as heavier and longer in duration than their normal menstrual period. The average length of bleeding was 7.3 days with a range of 2-13 days. Side effects included 1 or 2 episodes of vomiting in 13 patients and headache in 9 patients.
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PMID:Termination of early pregnancy (menstrual induction) with 16-phenoxy-omega-tetranor PGE2 methylsulfonylamide. 20 Apr

Prostaglandin derivative SH B 286 (Sulprostone) was administered to 128 induced abortion patients in the 1st trimester of pregnancy on an outpatient basis the evening before curettage was to be performed. 25 mcg of the preparation was injected directly into the uterine wall. There were 5 cases of vomiting, 2 of short term circulatory collapse, and 1 case of abdominal spasms. 7.2% described the contractions as "strong," and 7.8% described the accompanying bleeding as "heavy," compared to menstrual bleeding. Curettage was performed ca. 15 hours after the injection; dilatation could be effected without difficulty. Histological tests showed that the embryo had been expelled in 47.1% of the patients prior to the curettage, with an average expulsion time of ca. 6 hours. No excessive blood loss was reported. The rate of infection was 3.1%.
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PMID:[Outpatient termination of pregnancy via intramural single-shot application of the prostaglandin derivative sh b 286 (sulproston) (author's transl)]. 45 62

Prostaglandin (PG) gels were used to induce second-trimester abortion in 141 women aged 16-44 years, 1973-1976. PGE2 gel was used alone for 65 women, and in combination with oxytocin for 25 women; PGF2-alpha was used alone for 15, and combined with oxytocin for 36. Indications were: medical (5 cases), psychosocial (97 cases), and missed abortion or fetal death in utero (39 cases). The gel was administered extra-amniotically via catheter; abortion occurred within 36 hours in 136 cases. Mean administration abortion interval varied from 9 hours 52 minutes to 16 hours 17 minutes. A dose-response relationship was noted between the prostaglandin dose and the interval to abortion. Side effects included vomiting (29 cases), diarrhea (2 cases), fever (9 cases), hemorrhage (14 cases), endometritis (2 cases), and circulatory symptoms (2 cases) and torn cervix (1 case). No signficant differences between primigravidae and others were observed.
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PMID:[Therapeutic abortions in the second trimestre of pregnancy with prostaglandine gel (author's transl)]. 64 Mar 66

A review is made of the clinical use of prostaglandins in obstetrics and gynecology. Second trimester abortions can be induced by the transcervical extraamniotic, transabdominal intraamniotic, or intravenous injection of PGF2 alpha or PGE2. The use of these agents is currently the method of choice for this procedure. Studies have been made of methods of application which will lead to improved effectiveness and of the use of prostaglandins in combination with oxytocin. The use of prostaglandin analogues, which are metabolized more slowly than the natural prostaglandins, provides the advantages of decreased side effects and a decreased need of additional doses. The side effects associated with prostaglandin use include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, heat waves, shivering, headache, dizziness, elevated temperatures, and leucocytosis. The mortality rate reported in a 4-year survey is 10.5/100,000 which compared favorably with the 17.7/100,000 for saline abortions. Prostaglandin gels can be used to soften and dilate the cervix in preparation for an abortion or induction of labor with no undesired side effects and without the use of laminarias. Labor can be induced by the administration of the prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2 either intravenously or, in the case of the latter, orally. Treatment with PGE2 can also continue parturition in cases of secondary insufficiency of labor. Research is currently being conducted in the use of these substances for fertility control.
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PMID:Application of prostaglandins in obstetrics and gynecology. 74 14

The dosage of Prostaglandin F2 alpha used until the present (100, 250 and 1000 micrograms/kg bw), in order to treat pyometra in the bitch, was accompanied with side effects such as salivation, vomiting and diarrhea. In the present work, the efficiency of low dose Prostaglandin (20 micrograms/kg bw) was examined in two different groups of patients: Group 1: Included 9 bitches pregnant for a period of 5-7 weeks duration. Initially the bitches were treated 3 or 4 times per day with Prostaglandin F2 alpha. In these cases abortion took place within 4 to 11 days. Group 2: 12 dogs, suffering from pyometra, were treated 3 times per day with PGF2 alpha for 8 days. In 9 dogs the pyometra resolved and the bitches came in estrus 2-5 months after treatment. 7 bitches have been mated and 6 of these gave birth to healthy litters. During a follow-up period of at least 10 months there has not been a reoccurrence of pyometra. In 3 out of the 12 dogs the uteri were still enlarged after 8 days of treatment. These bitches underwent ovariohysterectomy and a cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium was diagnosed histologically. The low dose (20 micrograms/kg BW) Prostaglandin F2 alpha induced in all dogs the expulsion of the uterine contents. Side effects during the treatment were not observed.
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PMID:[Use of a low dose prostaglandin F2 alpha in bitches]. 196 76

Prostaglandin analogues have successfully been used to induce abortions in women of less than 7 weeks amenorrhea, but about 50% of these women have experienced vomiting, diarrhea, or moderate to severe pain. The antigestagen mifepristone has led to fewer side effects, but the incidence of incomplete abortion has been unacceptably high. To test the efficacy and side effects of these drugs when used in combination, 120 women of less than 56 days amenorrhea received a single 600 mg dose of mifepristone and 48 hours later 1/2 or 1 mg of the prostaglandin gemeprost administered in vaginal pessary form. Complete abortions were experienced by 119 (99%) of the women. There were no continuing pregnancies and only 1 of the women required surgical intervention. There were few gastrointestinal side effects following administration of prostaglandin, and when the smaller dose of prostaglandin was used there was a significant decrease in the incidence of severe pain. More research needs to be undertaken to determine the lowest effective doses of both drugs.
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PMID:Induction of early abortion with mifepristone (RU486) and two different doses of prostaglandin pessary (gemeprost). 265 87

The clinical advantages and disadvantages of intra amniotic administration of PGF2alpha in comparison with hypertonic saline has recently been summarized by the Prostaglandin Task Force within the World Health Organization Expanded program. The investigation comprised approximately 1,500 patients treated randomly with the two methods. The main advantage of the PG method was a significantly shorter induction-abortion interval and a lesser risk for serious complications and the significant disadvantage a slight increase in the mean frequency of minor complaints in terms of diarrhoea and vomiting. With PGF2alpha it seems difficult to obtain a "one shot" method to terminate second trimester pregnancy even with the intra-amniotic route of administration. The 15-methyl analogues seem more promising in this respect. The uterine response following administration of this compound is characterized by a more gradual initiation of uterine stimulation and a sustained effect, One intraamniotic injection of 2.5 mg 15-methyl-PGF2alpha induced abortion in nearly 100% of the cases and the incidence of side effects was low. Promising results with this compound have also been obtained following a single extra-amniotic instillation or by repeated intramuscular injections. Vaginal administration of 15-methyl PGF2alpha or its methyl ester can also be used for termination of pregnancy. Recently orally active PG analogues have become available for clinical testing. One of these compounds, 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2 may in some cases stimulate uterine contractility sufficiently to induce a second trimester abortion following repeated oral administration.
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PMID:Induction of abortion by different prostaglandin analogues. 453 1

This study determines the efficacy and incidence of side effects associated with intravaginal prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha). 20 healthy patients (16 to 30 years of age; 9-16 weeks gestational age) with no history of threatened abortion in the current pregnancy were studied. Baseline hematologic, metabolic, urinary, and hormonal studies were conducted. Transabdominal amniocentesis was performed in 7 patients. The uterus was observed for spontaneous contractility. Lactose tablets with 50 mg PGF2alpha (THAM salt) were administered vaginally. The intensity and frequency of uterine contractions in the 7 monitored patients determined the treatment regimen. Prostaglandin tablets were inserted at hourly intervals to maintain frequency of contractions at 5 per 10 minute time interval and/or intensity of contractions greater than an average of 40 mm Hg over a 10 minute-period. 13 patients whose uterine activity during the abortion process was assessed by clinical observation were given a similar time schedule. Blood studies were peformed 6 hours after the onset of therapy and immediately following abortion. Analgesia were used intramuscularly as antiemetic agents where necessary. Prepared questionnaires and personal interviews were completed at the 4-week clinic visit to determine patient acceptability of the method. 19 of 20 patients aborted, with 7 classified as complete and the remaining 12 requiring a uterine exploration and curettage for removal of retained placental fragments. Average induction-complete abortion interval was 17 hours and 50 minutes. There was no difference between multiparous and primiparous patients. In 1 patient who failed to abort with the prostaglandin tablet, administration of 900 mg PGF2alpha and hypertonic saline were used to facilitate abortion which occurred 24 hours later. Emesis occurred in 18 patients, diarrhea in 13, and fever in 11. Of 15 patients who agreed to an interview during the clinic visit, 14 stated they would choose the method again. Vaginal administration of PGs appears to exert effects by systemic, rather than by local mechanism. Although this method is effective, it has a high incidence of side effects and is associated with increased utilization of professional time.
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PMID:Abortifacient efficacy of intravaginal prostaglandin F2 . 468 31

Pregnancy termination by dilatation and evacuation (D&E) during the early midtrimester has been recommended as being more safe and acceptable than delaying for later induction with an intraamniotic instillation procedure. The availability of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) for vaginal administration provides an alternative that is noninvasive and applicable in the early midtrimester without delay. This study compared the results of 400 consecutive abortions by D&E at 13 through 15 weeks' gestation to those previously obtained in 112 patients at the same period of gestation treated with PGE2 by serial vaginal administration. The PGE2 group experienced a complete abortion rate of 75%, a failure of 7.1% and a mean initiation-to-abortion time of 14.1 hours. Prostaglandin reactions, consisting of vomiting, diarrhea and transient temperature elevation, each occurred in about one-third of these patients. There were no failures in the D&E group and no increased risk of major complications. It is concluded that termination of pregnancy by D&E is preferable to the use of intravaginal PGE2, at least through the 15th week of gestation.
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PMID:Early midtrimester pregnancy termination. A comparison of dilatation and evacuation and intravaginal prostaglandin E2. 695 34

Prostaglandin F 2 alpha THAM was administered to 6 bitches at various stages after service at dosages ranging from 30-250 micrograms/kg for 2-6 days. Four bitches treated between Days 21-42 after second service did not produce pups irrespective of dosage and duration of administration. A bitch treated in the first trimester and another in the third trimester did not abort but gave birth to normal litters. Two unserved bitches were also treated in the first 20 days of metoestrus with no drop in plasma progesterone being evident. It would seem that prostaglandin F2 alpha THAM is useful as a luteolytic agent only in the second trimester. Although side effects of mild panting with occasional vomiting and/or defecation were sometimes noted at all dosage levels, they were milder at the recommended lower dosage of 30 micrograms/kg administered twice daily subcutaneously for 4 days.
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PMID:Clinical experience with prostaglandin F2 alpha THAM as a luteolytic agent in pregnant and non-pregnant bitches. 696 92


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