Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This is the first report from Ethiopia of a case of cryptococcal meningitis in a patient with AIDS. A 20-year-old woman was admitted to Tikur Anbessa Hospital in January 1990 with complaints of generalized pruritic skin lesions of six months, and headache, fever, and poor appetite of three months duration. The headache and low-grade intermittent fever were accompanied by nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and progressive weight loss, without diarrhea. She had had multiple sex partners. Upon admission, after being bedridden for two weeks, she appeared acutely ill and restless. Her temperature was 39.5 degrees Celsius, and she had oral thrush. There was no lymphadenopathy. Widespread, irregular erythematous and whitish macular patches (3 x 5 to 8 x 10 sq. cm in size) with peripheral scaling and tiny vesicles were found on the skin, pubic and perineal regions. She had neck stiffness, but was conscious and well-oriented. Hemoglobin (Hb) was 10.5 g%; the white cell count (WBC) was 3400/cu. mm; the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 92 mm/hr; the platelet count was 175,000/mm; and blood films were negative for hemoparasites. Urinalysis showed 3+ albumin and many pus cells and red cells/HPF. Urine culture was negative, and the VDRL test was nonreactive. Lumbar puncture, which was performed upon arrival, showed clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with normal protein and glucose levels and no cells. CSF culture showed yeast cells, and an India ink preparation was positive for Cryptococcus neoformans. Blood taken for bacterial culture grew yeast cells. Renal and liver function tests, and chest x-rays were normal. A potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation from a skin snip showed rounded yeast cells. ELISA and Western blot tests were both positive. The patient was given supportive treatment and amphotericin B (0.6 mg/kg daily). Although the fever decreased, the patient's general condition did not improve. She complained of headache, photophobia, nausea, and vomiting. Lumbar puncture was repeated eight days after the start of treatment; CSF culture and India ink preparations were negative. Urea nitrogen (BUN) repeated two weeks later was normal. Four weeks after admission, the patient suddenly vomited massive amounts of fresh blood and died before transfusion could be given. A discussion follows regarding the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease, particularly in AIDS patients, with a review of the literature.
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PMID:Cryptococcal meningitis in a young Ethiopian woman with AIDS. 139 20

A 41-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of pharyngeal pain and vomiting after intentionally swallowing sodium hydroxide. Gradually esophageal stenosis took place. After 9 months from the taking poison the patient was operated. We tried blunt dissection of esophagus. But the procedure failed in because the wire of stripper was cut. So performed total esophageal resection under the right thoracotomy. The right side colon was used to re-construction through antero-sternal space that was anastmosed to cervical esophagus and stomach. The postoperative course was uneventful.
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PMID:[A case of corrosive esophagitis with stenosis]. 195 39

In an open randomized study including 51 consecutive patients with gynaecological malignancies sucralphate was daily administered to patients receiving pelvic irradiation. Sucralphate, an aluminium hydroxide complex of sulphated sucrose used in the treatment of gastric ulcer, seems to be of value in preventing radiation-induced bowel discomfort. The most objective parameter, frequency of diarrhoea was almost 50% less in the sucralphate groups as compared to the controls. The patients receiving sucralphate in general displayed only minor alterations in bowel habits even at the end of the radiation treatment. The number of patients requiring symptomatic therapy with loperamide were markedly lower in the sucralphate group. Subjective discomfort such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite were also less common. A reduction in acute reactions to irradiation increases the possibility of carrying through planned treatment and avoids unfavourable intermissions, and thus curing the patient with cancer in the pelvis by means of radiotherapy.
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PMID:Beneficial effects of sucralphate in radiation induced diarrhea. An open randomized study in gynecological cancer patients. 224 14

Clinical and immunologic responses of sheep to vaccination and subsequent bluetongue virus (BTV) challenge exposure were studied and compared with those of non-vaccinated sheep. Sheep were vaccinated with inactivated BTV administered with aluminum hydroxide and cimetidine or levamisole. After sheep were vaccinated, precipitating group-specific antibodies to BTV were detected, but serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies were not detected. Cellular immune responses (lymphocyte blastogenesis) to BTV were not detected. After virulent BTV challenge exposure, vaccinated and nonvaccinated sheep developed acute clinical disease of similar severity. Clinical signs included hyperemia and petechiae of oral mucosa and coronary bands of the feet, excess salivation, nasal discharge with crusting, ulceration of the muzzle, and edema of lips and intermandibular space. Marked increases in serum creatine kinase activity were associated with stiff gait, reluctance to move, and vomiting. Fever and leukopenia were detected in most of the challenge-exposed sheep. Viremia and neutralizing antibodies were detected in vaccinated and nonvaccinated sheep after challenge exposure. Bluetongue virus-specific reaginic antibodies were not detected in sera from any of the sheep when the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test was used.
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PMID:Experimental bluetongue virus infection of sheep; effect of previous vaccination: clinical and immunologic studies. 301 26

A number of factors affect the concentration and distribution of magnesium in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Poor nutritional intake, impaired absorption from the intestine, vomiting, diarrhea, the use of diuretics and acidosis may result in a negative balance. More commonly, accumulation of magnesium may be the consequence of reduced renal excretion. Magnesium concentrations are increased in serum and red cells in CRF patients. Bone concentrations and total body magnesium also appear to be increased; muscle magnesium does not appear to be increased. Use of magnesium hydroxide-containing antacids as phosphate binders in patients with CRF was largely discontinued 2 decades ago after reports described increases in serum magnesium concentrations to toxic levels. More recently, the undesirable effects of aluminum-containing phosphate binders (encephalopathy, osteomalacia) have led several investigators to report favorable experiences using low concentrations of magnesium in dialysate and a combination of magnesium and aluminum-containing antacids, as phosphate binders, while closely monitoring serum magnesium concentrations.
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PMID:Chronic renal failure and magnesium metabolism. 380 22

Sixteen patients with clinical features of postoperative gastritis who had been advised to have a Roux-en-Y diversion were studied prospectively. Studies were done pre- and postoperatively (mean follow-up, 4.9 years; range, 3.8 to 6.9), and the findings were compared with those in 11 control subjects with previous enterogastric anastomosis but with no symptoms. The patients had higher concentrations of bile acids and trypsin in gastric samples than did controls. Patients had greater endoscopic changes, although mucosal histologic characteristics were similar in both groups. Administration of aluminum hydroxide or cholestyramine reduced the aqueous concentrations of bile acids in gastric contents. Roux-en-Y diversion virtually eliminated duodenogastric reflux, and gastroscopic appearances returned to normal. However, Roux-en-Y diversion did not change mucosal histologic characteristics. Symptom scores were reduced in the early postoperative period, but bilious vomiting was the only symptom alleviated consistently and permanently. As a treatment for postoperative gastritis, Roux-en-Y diversion offers potential but limited benefits.
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PMID:Postoperative reflux gastritis: pathophysiology and long-term outcome after Roux-en-Y diversion. 401 99

In a patient with end-stage renal disease undergoing long-term maintenance hemodialysis, moderately severe metabolic alkalosis developed in the absence of vomiting or gastric drainage. The cause of the acid-base disorder was exogenous alkali administration, in the form of combined ingestion of "nonabsorbable" antacids (aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide), neutral phosphate, and a cation-exchange resin (sodium polystyrene sulfonate). In this report, the relevant data of this patient are detailed, and the literature on this well-documented, albeit poorly recognized, acid-base derangement is summarized.
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PMID:Metabolic alkalosis due to absorption of "nonabsorbable" antacids. 684 24

The therapeutic effect of four new variants of the preparation Almagel was studied in 100 patients with duodenal ulcer (25 patients in each group were examined)---Flatugel, Flatugel A, Almagel-Neo. The pains, with the treatment faded away in 60 to 68% and abated in 25 to 32% of the treated in the separate groups. As compared with the control group, the symptom constipation was influenced in a higher per cent by the new preparations, explained by the twice higher dose of magnesium hydroxide in the new almagel derivatives. Flatugel A and almagel A-neo had the best upon vomiting, due to the anesthesin, contained in them. In half of the patients, the clinical symptoms disappeared during the first week after the initiation of the treatment and after its termination the clinical manifestations remained unaffected in only 8% of the patients. After the 20-day treatment with the new modifications of almagel, the ulcer niche disappeared in 25-29% and its dimensions were reduced in 30-50%. No significant differences were established as regards the effect upon the rest of the clinical symptoms and ulcer niche among the new preparations themselves and each separate preparations as compared with the control group. The new almagel modifications show a tendency of reduction of gastric secretion and acidity 12 hours after the termination of the treatment as compared with the same prior to treatment, but the differences are statistically insignificant. The new variants of almagel have a pleasant taste, they are taken with pleasure and give no toxic and allergic side effects.
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PMID:[Clinical trial of the Bulgarian preparations, flatugel and almagel-neo in duodenal ulcer]. 699 56

The inhibitory effect of 4-(6-bromoveratryl)-4-(2-[2-(6,6-dimethyl-2-norpinyl)-ethoxy]-ethyl)-morpholinium hydroxide (pinaverium bromide), a quaternary ammonium derivative, on the contractile activity of the gastrointestinal tract from the stomach to the colon was investigated in six conscious dogs. Gastrointestinal motor activity was monitored by means of chronically implanted force transducers. Pinaverium bromide was continuously administered i.v. for 30 min in doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg/h during both the digestive and interdigestive states. It was found that pinaverium bromide strongly inhibited gastrointestinal contractile activity during both the digestive and interdigestive states; contractions in the stomach were most strongly inhibited; however, those in the small and large bowels were also significantly inhibited. No significant side effects in the circulatory and respiratory systems and the gastrointestinal tract such as nausea, vomiting or diarrhea were observed during and after the infusion of this agent.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of pinaverium bromide on gastrointestinal contractile activity in conscious dogs. 719 53

Monophenolic (2-(dipropylamino)indans and related compounds have been synthesized and tested for central dopamine-receptor stimulating activity, using biochemical and behavioral tests in rats and emesis tests in dogs. The active compounds possess similar relative potencies in eliciting the three different dopamine-receptor mediated effects measured. 4-Hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)indan was the most potent of the new compounds. The corresponding 5-hydroxy analogue was less active. 4-Hydroxy-2-[(dipropylamino)methyl]indan is a new type of dopaminergic agent with a phenylpropylamine moiety in its framework instead of the phenylethylamine structure, common to most dopamine-receptor agonists. This compound was 10-20 times less active than apomorphine. 6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-1-hydroxy-N,N-dipropyl-5H-6-benzocycloheptenylamine and 5-hydroxy-2-[(dipropylamino)methyl]tetralin were both inactive. Since the intramolecular distances between functional groups in the indans studied here are different from those in, for example, apomorphine, it is concluded that a certain variation of these distances can be accepted by the receptor. It could also be demonstrated that the position of the OH group on the aromatic ring is of importance for the activity and that emetic activity may be associated with dopaminergic agonists of the indan as well as of the tetralin type of structure.
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PMID:Monophenolic 2-(dipropylamino)indans and related compounds: central dopamine-receptor stimulating activity. 726 30


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