Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A previously well 70 year old woman was admitted to hospital following a three day history of vomiting and confusion. Her serum calcium was 6.58 mmol/l, phosphate 1.09 mmol/l, and alkaline phosphatase 91 iu/l. The mechanism of this hypercalcaemia was not obvious as there was no evidence of a primary malignancy, lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. The calculation of indices of urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate suggested the presence of excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH) activity as the mechanism of hypercalcaemia. Plasma intact PTH, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol were not raised suggesting the presence of PTH related peptide (rP). This led to a systematic search for a malignancy, which revealed the presence of a high grade B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma confined to the bone marrow. Plasma PTH-rP was subsequently shown to be raised confirming the interpretation of the initial urinary and calcium excretion indices. This case highlights the value of standard laboratory measurements such as urinary calcium and phosphate excretion in cases of hypercalcaemia of obscure aetiology, which can complement measurements of PTH and other calcitropic hormones.
 ...
PMID:Value of assessing parathyroid hormone-like activity in a case of extreme hypercalcaemia. 965 76

We gave miproxifene phosphate to six patients with recurrent breast cancer and to one patient with advanced breast cancer. This drug was orally administered at a daily dose of 20 mg in the morning, and serial blood samples were obtained just before the drug administration. Treatment was discontinued in 16 days in the patient with advanced breast cancer. Tumor response was 2 PR and 4 NC (3MR) with an efficacy rate of 29%. Adverse effects of grade 2, such as anorexia, nausea or vomiting and fatigue with grade 3 flushing and chilling were observed in the one patient with advanced breast cancer. This climacteric syndrome disappeared after cessation of administration. In one of the patients with recurrent breast cancer, a calf muscle cramp was observed. Steady plasma levels were observed in one week or two for miproxifene and in 2 to 8 weeks for desmethyl miproxifene, which were active metabolites of miproxifene phosphate. The half lives of these metabolites for disappearance were calculated in three patients. That of miproxifene was 27 to 36 hours and that of desmethyl miproxifene was 156 to 202 hours. Miproxifene phosphate is a promising drug for breast cancer, and the results of pharmacokinetics of active metabolites will suggest the time to obtain maximum efficacy and for it to disappear.
 ...
PMID:[Steady state and disappearance of the metabolites of miproxifene phosphate in the treatment of breast cancer]. 972 50

Forty-six patients were randomized to receive either 45 or 90-ml oral sodium phosphate (NaP) (Fleet Phospho-Soda), or X-Prep (a Senna preparation) before elective colonoscopy to compare the quality of colon cleansing, ease of preparation, and gastrointestinal intolerance. Before colonoscopy, one of us administered a questionnaire to the patient to assess how well the preparation was tolerated (scale from 1 to 5: 1 = easy, to 5 = unable to finish) and about the presence of four symptoms:abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. The quality of colon cleansing was graded by two gastroenterologists (1 = excellent, 2 = good, 3 = fair, 4 = poor), who were unaware of how the patient was prepared or tolerated the preparation. The overall quality of bowel preparation with 90-ml oral NaP was better than with X-Prep and 45-ml NaP (p < 0.01). Patients found preparation with NaP to be easier than X-Prep (p < 0.002). No difference was seen in the incidence of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or dizziness. In the 90-ml NaP group, a significant rise in sodium and chloride occurred. However, increments were not greater than 5%. Hyperphosphatemia was noted with NaP, but was transient, and no concomitant decrease in calcium was seen. We conclude that, in the groups of patients studied, 90-ml NaP is a safe colonic cleansing agent that is better tolerated and more effective than others.
 ...
PMID:A randomized prospective trial comparing 45 and 90-ml oral sodium phosphate with X-Prep in the preparation of patients for colonoscopy. 979 53

This report concerns an 11-year-old boy who manifested hypophosphatemic rickets associated with congenital microvillous atrophy (CMA). He had been suffering from vomiting and severe diarrhea from the first day of life and had been treated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) since he was 67 days old. At 4 years of age, intestinal biopsy resulted in a diagnosis of CMA. He was admitted to our hospital complaining of leg pain at the age of 11. Laboratory data revealed hypophosphatemia, elevated serum 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) levels, and hypercalciuria. A roentgenogram showed rickets in the extremities. A balance study of phosphate in urine and stool indicated that the amount of phosphate leaking into the stool was greater than that into the urine. Moreover, the total amount of phosphate leaking from both the intestine and kidney exceeded the amount of phosphate intake from TPN. The rickets was healed by increasing the phosphate concentration in TPN. This case is different from X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets but similar to hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH) in terms of hypercalciuria and elevated serum 1,25(OH)2D levels. The effectiveness of phosphate treatments used here is also similar to that used for HHRH. However, this type of hypophosphatemic rickets is unique in that phosphate leaking into the intestine plays an important role in its pathogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Hypophosphatemic rickets accompanying congenital microvillous atrophy. 984 14

We undertook a double-blind study to evaluate equianalgesic doses of intramuscular morphine sulphate (0.15 mg.kg-1) and codeine phosphate (1.5 mg.kg-1) in 40 healthy children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. There were no significant differences in pain scores, analgesic requirements or sedation scores between the two groups over the following 24 h. More children vomited in the morphine group (60%) than the codeine group (30%) between one and six h after the procedure (P < 0.05). Codeine phosphate is associated with less postoperative vomiting than morphine sulphate while providing comparable postoperative analgesia for adenotonsillectomy.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of morphine sulphate and codeine phosphate in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. 1018 54

Polyethylene glycol (Klean-Prep, Norgine) is widely used for bowel cleansing in the United Kingdom. This study compares the efficacy, acceptability and adverse effects of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution with sodium phosphate (Fleet Phospho-soda, De Witt) for bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy. Two hundred and nine consecutive patients were prospectively randomised to either PEG or sodium phosphate (SP) preparation. The endoscopist was blinded to the randomisation process. Fifty patients were excluded from the study because of previous colectomies or incomplete data. Of the remaining 159 patients, 88 had been randomised to the PEG group and 71 to the SP group. There was no difference in sex distribution between the groups. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of patient acceptability, side effects (nausea/vomiting and abdominal cramps), adequacy of bowel preparation and colonoscopy completion rates. 74% of the PEG and 70.4% of the SP group were rated by the endoscopist as having good or excellent bowel preparation. Sodium phosphate is well tolerated without additional side effects when compared with PEG solution. Both solutions were found to be equally effective in bowel cleansing.
 ...
PMID:A prospective randomised study comparing polyethylene glycol and sodium phosphate bowel cleansing solutions for colonoscopy. 1066 31

The primary aim of this study was to assess the tolerability and immunogenicity of a new Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)/AlPO4 (CHIRON, SpA) vaccine, in two-month-old healthy infants. Twenty-three subjects were enrolled and administered the new Hib vaccine containing AlPO4 adjuvant at two, three and four months of age concomitantly with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) and hepatitis B vaccines according to the local program. Children were observed for 30 minutes after each immunization for any immediate local and systemic reactions. An active surveillance for side effects was performed on the 2nd and 7th days following each immunization by telephone. Families also filled out diaries for the first seven days. From the 2nd day to the next immunization only data about adverse events necessitating a physician's visit or about serious adverse events were collected. Blood samples were obtained before the first immunization and one month after the third dose for evaluation of anti-polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) antibody response. Local reactions at the Hib site were mild and less frequent compared to those observed at the DPT site. Systemic reactions noted after the three immunizations were fever in 70 percent, irritability in 48 percent, persistent crying in 26 percent, change in eating habits in 22 percent, diarrhea in 17 percent, sleepiness in 17 percent, vomiting in 9 percent, and unusual crying in 4 percent of the cases. There was no serious adverse event. One hundred percent and 95 percent of children achieved an anti-PRP antibody response over 0.15 microg/ml and 1.0 microg/ml, respectively. The geometric mean titer was 15 microg/ml and the geometric mean ratio 84. It was concluded that the new (Hib)/AlPO4 vaccine is safe and well tolerated, and induced a good PRP antibody response in healthy two-month-old infants.
 ...
PMID:Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine containing aluminum phosphate adjuvant administered at 2, 3 and 4 months of age. 1077 Jan 9

Exposure to microgravity causes alterations in postural, locomotor and oculomotor functions. The vestibular abnormalities experienced by astronauts entail immediate reflex motor responses, including postural illusions, sensations of rotation, nystagmus, dizziness and vertigo, as well as space motion sickness. Adaptation to the microgravity environment usually occurs within one week, and a subsequent re-adaptation period of several months is often required upon return to Earth. Some astronauts experience recurrences of dizziness, nausea, and vomiting, as well as marked disturbances in postural equilibrium in the absence of vision during this readaptation period. The mechanisms underlying such adaptation processes remain unclear, although current evidence favors some type of sensory conflict. The purpose of the present study was to explore the structural basis for the reorganization in the central vestibular system that underlies the process of adaptation to altered gravitational environments. Hindbrain tissue was obtained from rats flown on the Neurolab shuttle mission (STS-90) that launched on April 17, 1998. Tissue for the present report was obtained from four adult Fisher 344 rats sacrificed on orbit during flight day 2 (FD2), 24 hr after launch. Equal numbers of vivarium control animals and cage-controls were sacrificed 48 and 96 hr, respectively, after the flight dissections. Following decapitation, each hindbrain was immersion-fixed for 45 min in 4% paraformaldehyde/0.1% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M phosphate buffer pH 7.3, and then transferred to a 4% paraformaldehyde solution in 0.1M phosphate buffer for 18 days at 4 degrees C. After this fixation, the cerebellum was dissected away from the ventral portion of the brainstem by severing the cerebellar peduncles. The entire cerebellum of each rat was cut by Vibratome into 100 micrometers thick sections in the parasagittal plane. These sections were collected serially and processed for electron microscopy by osmication, dehydration in a graded series of methanol solutions, infiltration with resin, and embedment in Epon-Araldite resin between plastic coverslips.
 ...
PMID:Anatomical observations of the rat cerebellar nodulus after 24 hr of spaceflight. 1154 23

Oral phosphosoda is increasingly being used as a bowel preparation for colonoscopy, as it requires that a much smaller volume be ingested and is equally effective and less costly than polyethylene glycol-based electrolyte solutions. Oral phosphosoda has a good safety record, but complications of its use may occur. We describe a patient who died as a result of severe hyperphosphatemia after an oral phosphosoda bowel preparation. A 55-year-old man was admitted with rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, and vomiting. He had a history of diabetes, hypertension, and end-stage renal disease and had successful renal transplant 3 years prior. His initial serum creatinine, calcium, phosphate, and electrolyte levels were normal. He vomited after polyethylene glycol-based electrolyte solution, and an alternate bowel preparation with oral phosphosoda was recommended. He received 90 mL of oral phosphosoda as a single dose. Six hours later, he had cardiorespiratory arrest and was found to have hyperphosphatemia (serum phosphate, 17.8 mg/dL), a high anion gap acidosis, hypoxia, and oliguric renal failure. Resuscitation was unsuccessful. Autopsy showed ischemic colitis. We conclude that bowel preparation with phosphosoda may be associated with severe complications and should be avoided if there is any suggestion of impaired renal function or poor gut motility.
 ...
PMID:Fatal hyperphosphatemia from a phosphosoda bowel preparation. 1190 63

Current treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney failure with calcium and active vitamin D is potentially limited by hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. AMG 073 represents a new class of compounds for the treatment of hyperparathyroidism known as calcimimetics, which reduce parathyroid hormone (PTH) synthesis and secretion by increasing the sensitivity of the parathyroid calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) to extracellular calcium. The current study evaluates the efficacy and safety of AMG 073 when added to conventional treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Seventy-one hemodialysis patients with uncontrolled secondary hyperparathyroidism, despite standard therapy with calcium, phosphate binders, and active vitamin D sterols, were treated in this 18-wk, dose-titration study with single daily oral doses of AMG 073/placebo up to 100 mg. Changes in plasma PTH, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, and calcium x phosphorus levels were compared between AMG 073 and placebo groups. Mean PTH decreased by 33% in the AMG 073 patients compared with an increase of 3% in placebo patients (P = 0.001). A significantly greater proportion of AMG 073 patients (44%) had a mean PTH < or = 250 pg/ml compared with placebo patients (20%; P = 0.029). Also, a significantly greater proportion of AMG 073 patients (53%) had a decrease in PTH > or =30% compared with placebo patients (23%; P = 0.009). Calcium x phosphorus levels decreased by 7.9% in AMG 073 patients compared with an increase of 11.3% in placebo patients (P = 0.013). Adverse event rates were low and mostly mild to moderate in severity; however, the incidence of vomiting was higher in AMG 073 patients. In this study, the calcimimetic AMG 073 at doses up to 100 mg for 18 wk provided a safe and effective means to attain significant reductions in PTH and calcium x phosphorus levels in ESRD patients. AMG 073 represents a novel and promising therapy to improve the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
 ...
PMID:The calcimimetic AMG 073 as a potential treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism of end-stage renal disease. 1259 92


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>