Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oxymetholone, a steroid which inhibits progesterone synthesis, was given to 6 women in early pregnancy to produce abortions. Patients were less than 7 weeks pregnant; duration since last menstrual period was less than 46 days when therapy started. Dosage varied from 50 mg daily for 7 days to 100 mg 3 times a day for 10 days. Serum HCG, progesterone, and estradiol levels were measured before, during, and after therapy. Also total serum proteins, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, SGPT, and complete blood counts were obtained before and immediately after treatment. All determinations were normal, including the hormones. No abortions resulted from the therapy although some vaginal bleeding was noted by 3 patients. Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain were side effects in 4. Results indicate that oxymetholone is an ineffective agent for termination of early pregnancy.
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PMID:A study of the abortifacient effect of oxymetholone in early gestation. 113 38

Cisplatin has played a major role in the treatment of germ cell tumors. However, it causes renal damage, severe nausea and vomiting. It is also neurotoxic and ototoxic. Carboplatin is an analog of cisplatin which, does not cause renal damage at therapeutic doses. It is not neurotoxic or ototoxic and it produces less gastrointestinal toxicity than cisplatin. We used carboplatin alone as an initial chemotherapy in a 36-year-old man with stage IIB seminoma. Following left radical orchiectomy the patient received 4 courses of carboplatin chemotherapy. After the first course of chemotherapy, tumor markers (LDH, beta-HCG) returned to the normal range. After 4 courses, the size of the retroperitoneal metastases was significantly reduced. The toxicity of 4 courses of carboplatin chemotherapy was generally milder than that of cisplatin-based combination chemotherapies such as PVB or VAB-6. There were no episodes of septicemia, thrombocytopenic bleeding or renal deterioration. The patient did not suffer from alopecia, neuropathy, symptomatic hearing loss, severe nausea or vomiting. Nine months after the completion of carboplatin chemotherapy, the patient remains well and free from disease progression. This case strongly suggests that single agent carboplatin therapy could be an effective and less-toxic treatment for advanced seminoma.
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PMID:[A case of advanced seminoma treated effectively with single agent carboplatin therapy]. 156 62

The study compares the effectiveness and acceptability of three regimes of postcoital contraception: 1) ethinylestradiol 100 micrograms/levonorgestrel 500 micrograms repeated after 12 hours (Yuzpe method); 2) danazol 600 mg repeated after 12 hours; and 3) RU486 600 mg single dose. Between 1 April 1990 and 15 October 1990, 215 women were selected and randomly allocated to the three treatment groups. One hundred and sixty eight were fully followed up, 35 ongoing and 8 lost to follow-up. All women had regular cycles and were aged 16-45 years. All treatments were given within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse and follow-up was until normal menstruation or diagnosis of pregnancy. beta-HCG was measured quantitatively where there was a suspicion of pregnancy. The data obtained show similar failure rates (Yuzpe 1/57, danazol 2/57, RU486 1/54) but more side-effects in the Yuzpe group (nausea 74.1%, vomiting 22.4%, breast tenderness 22.4%) than in the other two (danazol: nausea 31.6%, vomiting 3.5%, breast tenderness 19.3%) and (RU486: nausea 36.4%, vomiting 3.6%, breast tenderness 23.6%). There was one apparent allergic reaction in the danazol group. RU486 caused greater cycle disturbance, prolonging the cycle considerably. Initial results suggest that danazol and RU486 may be much more acceptable methods of postcoital contraception due to reduced side-effects and, in the latter case, single dose. Although numbers are small at present, the effectiveness of the newer methods appear similar to Yuzpe.
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PMID:Alternative treatments in oral postcoital contraception: interim results. 195 Jul 23

A combination of the antigestagen mifepristone (RU 486) and a synthetic prostaglandin analogue, gemeprost, was used to induce therapeutic abortion in 100 women in early pregnancy. Local family planning services and general practitioners in Edinburgh referred women of less than 56 days' amenorrhea who had requested abortion. Pregnancy was confirmed by measurement of the serum level of human chorionic gonadotropin. Group I (n=20) received 150 mg mifepristone orally each day for 4 days. Groups II (n=30), III (n=30), and IV (n=20) received a single oral dose of mifepristone, 400 mg, 500 mg, or 600 mg, respectively. Samples of peripheral blood were collected at recruitment for measurement of the concentration of hemoglobin, urea, electrolytes, cortisol, and HCG and for liver function tests. Blood also was taken for estradiol and progesterone essay from women in Groups II, III, and IV. Each woman recorded symptoms in a diary from the day prior to the start of treatment. Study participants were reviewed 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment and discharged from followup after the onset of the next menstrual period. The effectiveness of the 4 treatment regimens was similar. Only 10 (14%) of the 74 women who received half a gemeprost pessary required the 2nd half. 95 of the women aborted completely; 5 women needed surgical intervention. Data were pooled for analysis because there was no significant difference between the 4 groups in the onset of bleeding and pain, requirement for analgesia, side effects, duration of bleeding, measured blood loss, and the time until the next menstrual period. The 94 women who experienced pain became aware of pelvic discomfort 46.6 hours after the initiation of treatment. No patient needed analgesia during the first 48 hours of treatment. After insertion of the pessary, 44 women received an oral analgesic drug and 9 an intramuscular opioid. 47 women did not need an analgesia. There was no significant difference in the frequency of nausea before and during treatment, but there was a significant increase in the incidence of vomiting and of diarrhea. 30 women vomited after the pessary was inserted compared with 13 the day before treatment; 10 women had diarrhea compared with 3 before treatment. No women had clinical evidence of pelvic infection. Liver function tests and cortisol levels were similar prior to and following treatment. Levels of HCG, and estradiol and progesterone decreased significantly after treatment. There were no significant differences in the results between those who needed evacuation and those who did not.
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PMID:Induction of therapeutic abortion in early pregnancy with mifepristone in combination with prostaglandin pessary. 289 91

The results of a comparative study of the efficacy and acceptability of sulprostone administered intramuscularly and vacuum aspiration for termination of very early pregnancy is reported. The period of amenorrhoea varied from 35 to 45 days with a positive pregnancy test. Group A (20 cases) received intramuscular sulprostone in doses of 500 micrograms and 1000 micrograms 4 hours apart without any pre-treatment. The success rate was 85%. Group B (20 cases) underwent vacuum aspiration with 100% success rate. Incidence of vomiting was comparable in both groups. Severe abdominal cramps/pain occurred in 11% following sulprostone administration. No immediate serious complication occurred. Estimation of serum HCG was done before sulprostone administration and 2 weeks later. A decline was noted 2 weeks post-treatment in successful cases, thus confirming the effectiveness of the therapy.
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PMID:Evaluation of intramuscular sulprostone and vacuum aspiration for termination of early pregnancy. 408 46

In order to evaluate luteolytic activity, prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) was administered intravaginally to 7 women in doses ranging from 125 to 400 mg during the late luteal phase of the cycle. The women ranged in age from 22-28 years. The women, with a history of regular menstrual cycles, were studied during 3 menstrual cycles (2 control and 1 treatment). Cycles were monitored by basal body temperature and daily blood samples from day 10 of the cycle to the day of menses. 24 and 48 hours following treatment with prostaglandin F2alpha, each woman received 3000 and 6000 I.U. of human gonadotropin (HCG) intramuscularly. Although there was a transient decrease in 5 subjects, progesterone levels increased after the HCG. The length of the cycle was prolonged significantly in 5 of 7 subjects. Slight vaginal bleeding was noted in 2 subjects immediately following treatment. 2 women experienced severe vomiting and diarrhea. The chemical profile in all 7 patients was unaffected by PGF2alpha administration.
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PMID:The effect of vaginally administered prostaglandin F2alpha on corpus luteum function. 472 75

A new approach to terminate very early pregnancy was tried on 49 healthy women who were proven to be pregnant from 31 to 47 days from their last menstrual period. All pregnancies were confirmed either by UCG or serum HCG-B subunit. (15S)-15-Methyl PGF2 alpha Methyl Ester in a suppository form was administered in two separate doses: 1.0 mg initial dose followed by 3.0 mg one hour later. Patients were kept under observation for 8 hours. Blood sampling for progesterone, HCG-B, and prostaglandin levels were assayed at 0 degree, 30', 1 degree, 4 degrees, 8 degrees and 14 days. Patients were re-examined at a two week follow-up visit. Pelvic examination and pregnancy tests were performed to confirm whether the pregnancy was successfully terminated. There were no significant changes in serums progesterone and HCG-B levels during the 8-hour observation period. Both levels declined significantly to very low levels at 14 days post-therapy, confirming the clinical impression of successful termination of pregnancy. Plasma prostaglandin levels rose as early as 30 minutes after initiation of therapy, peaked at 4 hours and declined gradually afterwards. Most side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and cramps, although clinically manageable, were still bothersome. One patient experienced an episode of vasovagal syncope. The majority of patients required medical observation up to 6 hours. Clinical implications of this new approach of termination of very early pregnancy are discussed.
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PMID:Termination of very early pregnancy by vaginal suppositories-(15S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha methyl ester. 617 56

Twenty-two patients with malignant chest tumor, mainly primary lung cancer, were given 73 courses of combined administration of cisplatin and bleomycin. The following results were obtained. Of 13 evaluable patients one CR and four PR, with an overall response rate of 38.5% were observed. Of seven patients who received 3 courses or more, four showed therapeutic effect, producing a response rate of 57.1%. CR was obtained in a patient with a relapse of malignant germ cell tumor showing positive HCG and AFP preoperatively. The patient survived for 445 days after the start of this treatment. Of nine patients with non-small cell lung cancer in whom therapeutic effect could be evaluated, three PR, four MR, and two PD with a response rate of 33.3% were obtained. Side effects due to cisplatin such as nausea, vomiting and impairment of renal function were all transient. Furthermore, myelosuppression caused by this chemotherapy was relatively mild compared with other chemotherapy regimens.
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PMID:[Combined chemotherapy with cisplatin and bleomycin for malignant tumor of the chest]. 619 69

The clinical characteristics and applicability of vaginal administration of a single suppository of (15S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) methyl ester in postconceptional induction of menses was evaluated in 14 healthy women who were no more than 7 weeks pregnant and desired pregnancy termination. Each suppository contained 3.0 mg of 15S-15-methyl PGF2alpha methyl ester in a 2.2 gm base of Witepsol E-76-A. Blood samples were collected at 0, 4, 8, and 10 hours and again at the 14th day follow-up visit for analysis of serum chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels using the Beta subunit radioimmunoassay as described by Vaitukaitis et.al. and serum progesterone levels using the radioimmunoassay method of Kirton et.al. Pregnancy termination was successful in all but 1 patient. Vaginal bleeding persisted for at least 14 days in 8 cases; 2 of these patients necessitated curettage at 4 weeks and 9 weeks after the procedure. The failed case was an obese woman whose pregnancy persisted. HCG levels declined below the arbitrary limit of 1 I.U./ml within 2 weeks after therapy in 36% of the cases. Plasma progesterone levels declined below the baseline level of 5 ng/ml within 2 weeks. A wide range of values was observed at 4 and 8 hours. The 1 failure case had an initial value of 72 pg/ml at 4 and 8 hours; all cases with undetectable levels at 8 hours had initial values over 138 pg/ml. In patients with prolonged bleeding, serum HCG and progesterone showed a significantly slower decline than in patients with an uneventful abortion. Diarrhea occurred in 86% of the cases and vomiting in 36%. The study illustrates the effectiveness of administration of 1 vaginal suppository containing 3.0 mg of PGF2alpha methyl ester in 1st trimester abortion. However, the bleeding and gastrointestinal side effects associated with this method preclude its widespread use.
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PMID:Post-conceptional induction of menses with a single vaginal suppository of (15S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha methyl ester. 625 75

We report the case of a boy with adrenal insufficiency diagnosed at the age of 2.5 months. He required immediate therapy with corticosteroids. His two brothers and a cousin died in infancy with vomiting and dehydration. Aged 17.5 years (bone age 13 years), he showed no signs of puberty, a testicular volume of 2 ml, an infantile penis, and no axillary or pubic hair. There was no evidence of a pubertal growth spurt. The low plasma levels of cortisol, 17-OHP, delta-4-A, LH and FSH did not increase after stimulation with ACTH or LHRH respectively. Urinary testosterone levels before and after HCG were extremely low. These factors strongly suggest the diagnosis of a sex-linked type of adrenal insufficiency (cytomegalic form), associated with gonadotropin deficiency.
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PMID:Congenital adrenal hypoplasia in a male with gonadotropin deficiency. 654 50


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