Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reports of the clinical picture and laboratory findings associated with naturally acquired acute H. pylori infection are rare and, although family studies have suggested person-to-person transmission, there have been no accounts of serologically proven intra-familial spread. This report describes the clinical and histological features associated with acute H. pylori infection in an infant and includes serological evidence for the possible transmission of this organism within his direct family. The infant, who presented with acute vomiting and severe haemetemesis, was found on endoscopy to have two shallow ulcers in the gastric antrum. Evidence of H. pylori infection was provided by the urease test, histology, and serology, the latter two tests showing the infection to be acute. Serologically, the patient's mother was shown to have an established H. pylori infection prior to her son, his twin brother to have acquired the infection shortly before the patient, and his father to have become infected some 63 days after the patient. Information on the acute presentation of H. pylori in children and evidence of the spread of H. pylori within family members is presented.
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PMID:Acute Helicobacter pylori infection in an infant, associated with gastric ulceration and serological evidence of intra-familial transmission. 153 79

Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori has been cultured from the antral biopsies of 85-90% of patients of gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer at different centres. Studies conducted all over the world have firmly implicated this organism in the aetiology of active superficial gastritis and recurrences of duodenal ulcer. Two hundred patients with upper abdominal pain, distension, vomiting and/or haemetemesis were subjected to OGD scopy. In 163 of these patients there was endoscopic evidence of gastritis; in 24 there was DU; in 3, GU and in 10 it was normal. Diagnosis of H pylori infection was made by the rapid biopsy urease test which is nearly 100% specific and 98% sensitive. 170 out of 200 patients were positive for H pylori. Among these were 138 patients of gastritis (84.6%); 22 cases of DU (91.6%); 2 cases of GU (66.6%) and 8 in whom endoscopy was normal. Histological examination of the antral biopsy specimens showed mild to severe infiltration of mucosa with lymphocytes and plasma cells. None of the 170 H pylori positive cases showed polymorphonuclear infiltration which has been stressed repeatedly by most Western authors to be characteristic of "active" superficial gastritis associated with H pylori infection. Even in those with a history of dyspepsia of barely 4 weeks duration or less there was no PMN infiltration in the mucosa. Thus the local response to infection by H pylori of the gastric mucosa is different in Indian patients.
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PMID:Unusual features of Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori--associated gastritis in India. A study of 200 cases. 209 22

In a prospective case controlled study, we evaluated the adverse effects of long-term fluoride ingestion on the gastrointestinal tract. Ten patients with otosclerosis who were receiving sodium fluoride 30 mg/day for a period of 3-12 months, and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were included. They were all evaluated clinically and subjected to a real time ultrasound examination, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and biopsies from the gastric antrum and duodenum. The biopsies were subjected to a rapid urease test as well as light and electron microscopic examinations. Ionic fluoride was estimated in the serum, urine, and drinking water using an ION 85 Ion Analyzer. Seven subjects (70%) ingesting fluoride had abdominal pain, vomiting, and nausea. Petechiae, erosions, and erythema were seen on endoscopy in all the subjects, but not in the controls. Histological examination of the gastric antral biopsy showed chronic atrophic gastritis in all the subjects but in only one (10%) healthy volunteer. Scanning electron microscopic examination showed "cracked-clay" appearance, scanty microvilli, surface abrasions, and desquamated epithelium in the subjects ingesting fluoride, but not in the controls. We conclude that long-term fluoride ingestion is associated with a high incidence of dyspeptic symptoms as well as histological and electron microscopic abnormalities.
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PMID:Toxic effects of chronic fluoride ingestion on the upper gastrointestinal tract. 803 13

Helicobacter pylori is an important factor in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis and gastroduodenal ulcer disease. However, the basic causal mechanisms of H pylori colonization on the gastric mucosa are still unclear. The authors evaluated the prevalence of H pylori colonization in 266 children who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy during a 12-month period. The indications for endoscopy were follow-up of esophagitis related to gastroesophageal reflux (n = 17), suspicion of gastroesophageal reflux (n = 51), abdominal pain (n = 28), vomiting (n = 30), follow-up of esophageal atresia (n = 46) and duodenal atresia (n = 28), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 28), and miscellaneous (n = 38). The methods used to detect H pylori colonization were histology and the rapid urease test. H pylori colonization was demonstrated in 31 (11.6%) of the 266 patients. In two patient groups, a high prevalence of colonization was identified. In patients with an operated duodenal atresia, 36% (10 of 28) had H pylori on the gastric mucosa. The organism was demonstrated on the gastric mucosa in 47% (8 of 17) of the patients with gastroesophageal reflux-related esophagitis; five of the eight patients had neurological impairment. In the other patient groups, the prevalence of H pylori infection ranged from 2% to 14%. The present study suggests that, in children, the disturbed esophagogastroduodenal motility, which is commonly associated with gastroesophageal reflux and duodenal atresia, predisposes to H pylori infection.
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PMID:Does disordered upper gastrointestinal motility predispose to Helicobacter pylori colonization of the stomach in children? 807 8

In a prospective study, gastroscopy and biopsies from the gastric antrum and body were undertaken in 100 consecutive patients (67 women, 33 men; mean age 58.6 [11-90] years) with unknown Helicobacter pylori status. None had been on any bacteria-suppressing drugs. Main indications for gastroscopy were upper abdominal pain, dyspepsia, emesis and anaemia of unknown cause. The macroscopic criteria for the diagnosis of H. pylori gastritis were the presence of at least one of the following signs: (1) chronic antral erosions; (2) goose-pimple-like appearance of the antral mucosa; (3) spotty erythema in the antrum; (4) complex changes of the antral mucosa with both bizarre reddening and pale areas; and (5) increased areolar markings and diffuse or fine-spotty erythema in the mucosa of the body of the stomach. Four biopsies each from the antrum and body were examined with the urease quick-test, microscopically as smears, specific culture and histology as reference methods. 60 patients had H. pylori gastritis, recognized macroscopically in 59 (sensitivity 98.3%). A false-positive diagnosis was made in 10 of 40 H. pylori-negative patients (specificity 75%). The positive predictive value of macroscopic diagnosis was 85.5%, the negative predictive value 96.8%.
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PMID:[Is Helicobacter pylori gastritis a macroscopic diagnosis?]. 843 66

Non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) means the presence of upper abdominal pain and discomfort and also nausea, vomiting, flatulence, heartburn and belching. It is estimated, that about 20-30% of all patients refer to a doctor because of dyspeptic symptoms. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infections are diagnosed in about 60% of persons with NUD and in 80-100% of patients with clinical, endoscopic and histological diagnosis of gastritis. The authors decided to investigate a correlation between gastritis and Hp infection and a relationship between the influence of antibacterial therapy and Hp eradication from gastric mucus and to observe gastric mucosa condition. We examined 73 patients (range age 16-73): 40 females and 33 males. We employed the Sydney System for evaluation of gastric mucosa condition. The patients were divided into two groups: Hp-positive 50 persons and Hp-negative-23 persons. Hp infected subjects were treated with antibacterial drugs (bismuth + metronidazol + amoxycillin or bismuth + metronidazol + tetracycline) and Hp-negative only with bismuth. Hp eradication was obtained in 72.7% of patients treated with bismuth + metronidazol + amoxycillin and 76.4% of persons treated with bismuth + metronidazol + tetracycline. A statistically significant difference between these two kinds of antibacterial therapy was not noted. Both methods are equally effective. We observed also and improvement of the histological state of antrum and corpus gastric mucosa after therapy in comparison to changes before treatment. We noticed a decrease of dyspeptic complaint in 89.2% of Hp infected persons in whom Hp had been eradicated. Among Hp-negative 23 patients gastric mucosa was normal in 30% and chronic gastritis was found in 70% of subjects. Based upon the present results it seems very important and suitable to detect Hp organisms in gastric mucus of all dyspeptic patients who are endoscopically examined and biopsied at the same time. We would suggest to do an urease test and to take histological samples together with full endoscopic examination according to the Sydney System guidelines.
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PMID:Non-ulcer dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori infection--morphological analysis according to the Sydney system--changes before and after treatment. 885 27

On the basis of biochemical, phenotypic, and 16S rRNA analysis, a novel gram-negative bacterium, isolated from normal and diarrheic dogs as well as humans with gastroenteritis, has been recently named Helicobacter canis. A 2-month-old female crossbred puppy was submitted to necropsy with a history of weakness and vomiting for several hours prior to death. The liver had multiple and slightly irregular yellowish foci up to 1.5 cm in diameter. Histologically, the liver parenchyma contained randomly distributed, occasionally coalescing hepatocellular necrosis, often accompanied by large numbers of mononuclear cells and neutrophils. Sections of liver stained by the Warthin-Starry silver impregnation technique revealed spiral- to curve-shaped bacteria predominantly located in bile canaliculi and occasionally in bile ducts. Aerobic culture of liver was negative, whereas small colonies were noted on Campylobacter selective media after 5 days of microaerobic incubation. The bacteria were gram negative and oxidase positive but catalase, urease, and indoxyl acetate negative; nitrate was not reduced to nitrite, and the organism did not hydrolyze hippurate. The bacteria were also resistant to 1.5% bile. Electron microscopy revealed spiral-shaped bacteria with bipolar sheathed flagella. By 16S rRNA analysis, the organism was determined to be H. canis. This is the first observation of H. canis in active hepatitis in a dog and correlates with recent findings of Helicobacter hepaticus- and Helicobacter bilis-related hepatic disease in mice. Further studies are clearly warranted to ascertain whether H. canis-associated hepatitis is more widespread in canines as well as a cause of previously classified idiopathic liver disease in humans.
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PMID:Helicobacter canis isolated from a dog liver with multifocal necrotizing hepatitis. 888 May 4

Helicobacter pylori is associated with primary antral gastritis, duodenal ulceration, and gastric cancer. Current regimens for treating infection in children using bismuth and antibiotics for two to six weeks are cumbersome. The aim of this study was to evaluate a one week course of treatment. All children undergoing endoscopy were assessed for the presence of H pylori by culture, histology, rapid urease test, and 13C urea breath test. Infected children received a one week course of colloidal bismuth subcitrate 480 mg/1.73 m2/day (maximum 120 mg four times a day), combined with metronidazole 20 mg/kg/day (maximum 200 mg three times a day), and clarithromycin 15 mg/kg/day (maximum 250 mg twice a day). To optimise compliance, drugs were dispensed in a 'Redidose' box containing a compartment for each day, and subcompartments marked 'breakfast', 'lunch', 'dinner', and 'bedtime'. Compliance and side effects were assessed immediately after treatment. A urea breath test was performed at least one month after treatment. Twenty two children infected with H pylori were entered into the study; 20 of these took all doses; two children suffered significant side effects (diarrhoea and vomiting). H pylori was eradicated in 21 of the 22 children (95.45%; 95% confidence interval 77% to 100%). This study shows that H pylori infection in children can be cleared by a one week course of treatment.
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PMID:One week treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection. 916 31

Three cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) had a clinical history of chronic spiral bacteria-associated gastritis and three cheetahs had no clinical history of gastritis. Gastric biopsies were obtained from all six cheetahs prior to treatment for gastritis and 3 wk and 1 yr posttreatment. The cheetahs were treated with tetracycline hydrochloride 500 mg p.o. q.i.d., metronidazole 250 mg p.o. q.i.d., and bismuth subsalicylate 300 mg p.o. q.i.d. Each drug was administered concurrently for 7 days. Following this treatment, each cheetah was maintained on 300 mg bismuth subsalicylate p.o. s.i.d. for 1 yr. The three cheetahs with a history of gastritis were culture positive for Helicobacter acinonyx and remained positive during the entire study. The three cheetahs with no clinical history of gastritis were culture negative for H. acinonyx, but gastric biopsies revealed Gastrospirillum-like bacteria (tentatively named Helicobacter heilmannii) pretreatment. Gastric biopsies were negative for H. heilmannii on subsequent examinations. Although the treatment did not eradicate H. acinonyx, it did provide symptomatic relief from the vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss associated with clinical gastritis. The use of endoscopically guided gastric mucosal biopsies for urease testing and histopathologic examination of Warthin-Starry-stained sections is a sensitive and specific method of diagnosing spiral bacteria-associated gastritis. Treatment of spiral bacteria-associated gastritis in cheetahs should include the rational use of antibiotics (tetracycline or amoxicillin and metronidazole), bismuth compounds, and omeprazole and evaluation of husbandry methods to reduce stress.
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PMID:Treatment of gastritis in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). 936 37

The efficacy and acceptability of classical bismuth triple therapy may be limited by poor patient compliance and adverse effects. It is widely agreed that improved, simpler, and reliable therapies are needed to cure Helicobacter pylori infection and foster patient compliance. We evaluated the efficacy and side effects of a Bazzoli triple therapy substituting lansoprazole for omeprazole for H. pylori infection in active peptic ulcer in Korea (30 mg of lansoprazole, 250 mg of clarithromycin, and 400 mg of metronidazole, all twice daily). H. pylori status was evaluated by rapid urease test, histology, and culture at entry and four or more weeks after ending antimicrobial therapy. Fifty-eight patients (mean age: 43 years) with gastric (N = 30) or duodenal ulcer (N = 28) and H. pylori infection were studied. H. pylori was cured in 47 (81%, 95% CI = 69-90%). Mild side effects, including vomiting, diarrhea, and itching, were observed in four patients (7%). Compliance averaged 95%. Fifty-five ulcers (95%) were healed. Pretreatment pylorobulbar deformity was observed in 49 patients (85%), and in 43 (88%) the deformity disappeared after treatment. Pretreatment metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance was observed in 87% and 2% of patients, respectively. The cure rate of H. pylori infection was significantly higher in patients >50 years of age than those <50. Treatment with low-dose one-week lansoprazole, clarithromycin, and metronidazole resulted in a relatively low cure rate, but was well tolerated. Studies to define the optimal duration, dose, and dosing interval of this combination therapy in Korea are needed.
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PMID:One-week triple therapy with lansoprazole, clarithromycin, and metronidazole to cure Helicobacter pylori infection in peptic ulcer disease in Korea. 953 38


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