Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cylindrical choledochal dilatation, associated with anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union, causes recurrent episodes of right hypochondrial pain, vomiting, and fever. The symptoms are very often accompanied by hyperamylasemia, which is generally considered to be due to acute pancreatitis. However, our clinical experience and experimental studies have led us to the conclusion that pancreatitis is not the sole cause of hyperamylasemia. In this paper we report our further investigations of the cause of the hyperamylasemia. In 22 mongrel adult dogs, intracholedochal infusion was performed under a continuous hydrostatic pressure of 20 cm H2O for 2 hours. Solutions of amylase from three different sources and a lipase were used in the range of concentrations found clinically in the bile within a cylindrical choledochal dilatation. In the 3 groups, hyperamylasemia was proven by quantitative estimation of serum amylase level and/or by the changes in specific amylase isozymes. Lipase was also shown to transfer into the blood stream. In an additional experiment on 5 dogs, only the extrahepatic biliary tree, including the gallbladder, was infused with a solution of amylase from Bacillus subtilis. This produced no increase in the serum amylase. Our experiments suggest that amylase passes from the hepatocholedochal system into the blood stream. This phenomenon has long been known as cholangiovenous reflux.
 ...
PMID:Cholangio-venous reflux as a cause of recurrent hyperamylasemia in choledochal dilatation with anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union: an experimental study. 257 28

High levels of the serum free fatty acids (FFA) are found in Reye's syndrome (RS). While this is attributed to enhanced adipose tissue lipolysis, the possibility that intravascular lipolysis could augment this process was investigated by measuring lipase activity in sera from RS and other subjects. Ordinarily, lipolytic activity is not detectable in serum from unheparinized subjects. Significant lipolytic activities ranging from 1-3 mumol/ml serum per hour were detected in sera from 5 of the 7 RS patients studied. Similar activities were also found in sera from two other subjects one of whom was a long-term survivor of RS and the other who had recurrent bouts of biliary obstruction and encephalopathy. Lipase activity was negligible in the serum from 2 other RS patients, 4 other long-term survivors of RS, 2 siblings, one RS parent and in 20 disease controls including patients with influenza, diabetic ketoacidosis and cerebral edema, meningitis and febrile infections with diarrhea and vomiting. None of these individuals had received heparin. An inverse relationship was found between LPL and hepatic lipase (HL) activities. Glucose levels tended to correlate directly with LPL and inversely with HL activity. The basis for the presence of LPL activity in RS sera is not known but the presence of serum lipase activity in unheparinized patients supports the notion that the TG in the circulating lipoprotein particles probably also serve as another source of FFA in the sera of RS patients.
 ...
PMID:Serum lipolytic activity in Reye's syndrome. 259 64

A 12-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with signs of an acute abdomen with paralytic ileus. The previous and family history were without abnormalities. Abdominal pain and vomiting had started two days earlier. On palpation the swollen abdomen was painful and there was an increased tension in the left upper part. The clinical diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was confirmed by an increased serum level of lipase (4480 U/l). Clinical chemical investigations further revealed a permanent hypercalcemia in the range of 6.4 to 8.3 mval/l. This, together with concomitantly reduced levels of serum phosphate and a threefold increased level of parathyroid hormone (343 pg/ml, upper limit of reference = 100 pg/ml) were consistent with a hyperparathyroidism. In fact, sonography of the cervical organs revealed a solitary adenoma of the parathyroid glands. After surgery serum levels of calcium returned to normal. Hypercalcemia as a consequence of primary hyperparathyroidism has to be included in the differential diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in childhood.
 ...
PMID:[Acute pancreatitis as an initial manifestation of hypercalcemia in primary hyperparathyroidism in childhood]. 265 77

Hyperlipoproteinemia associated with acute pancreatitis is a rare complication during pregnancy. Acute pancreatitis may occur when physiologic hyperlipoproteinemia of pregnancy superimposes on primary or secondary hyperlipoproteinemia. In the meantime, acute pancreatitis may unmask hyperlipoproteinemia and the pattern of lipoprotein electrophoresis may evolve from Fredrickson type III to type IV or type V during acute pancreatitis. We reported a case and reviewed the literature. A 28 years old woman, G4P3, was admitted to our hospital in the sixth month of pregnancy because of epigastralgia and vomiting for 10 days and respiratory distress for one day. Laboratory examination revealed amylase 551 U/L, lipase 1073 U/L, blood sugar 873 g/dl, triglyceride 1298 mg/dl and cholesterol 1044 mg/dl. Abdominal sonogram revealed diffuse edematous change of the pancreas and minimal ascites. The symptoms and signs subsided gradually after supportive treatment that included nothing per os, fluid and electrolyte balance, antacid and analgesics. Unfortunately , intrauterine fetal death was found on the twentieth day after admission. The blood levels of triglyceride and sugar were still elevated 3 weeks after discharge. The most important observation was a broad beta lipoprotein band found in lipoprotein electrophoresis in the acute stage of this case. The broad beta band disappeared and Fredrickson type IV was found in the late stage of pancreatitis. The pattern of lipoprotein electrophoresis changed to Fredrickson type V 3 weeks later.
 ...
PMID:[Hyperlipoproteinemia associated acute pancreatitis complicating with pregnancy--a case report]. 270 Jan 32

In a model developed to study acute pancreatitis in the dog, the disease process was comparable with the spontaneously occurring disease. Infusion of oleic acid into the accessory pancreatic duct induced, grossly and microscopically, acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis with pancreatic atrophy, fibrosis, fat necrosis, and edema. Clinical changes included persistent fever and tachycardia in all dogs and abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea in most. Serum amylase and lipase activities increased markedly as did activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Hematologic alterations included hemoconcentration (despite intensive fluid therapy) and leukocytosis due primarily to neutrophilia and monocytosis. Neither corticosteroid nor anticholinergic therapy begun 24 to 32 hours after oleic acid infusion altered the course of the disease. Dogs survived 8 days and appeared clinically normal when the study was terminated.
 ...
PMID:Effects of an anticholinergic and a corticosteroid on acute pancreatitis in experimental dogs. 617 2

During an outbreak of measles in the period from May 1993 through February 1994, a 23-year-old woman with measles was admitted because of abdominal pain and vomiting. Moderately elevated levels of serum and urinary amylase were found. We investigated prospectively the next nine consecutive young adults hospitalized with severe measles. Pancreatic and other organ involvement was determined by serum and urinary amylase, serum lipase, and additional appropriate biochemical and hematological data. Four patients had elevated amylase levels in both serum and urine, whereas in one, serum amylase alone was increased. Serum lipase determined in eight patients was elevated in seven. In all patients elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase or lactate dehydrogenase were found. In seven patients serum calcium concentrations were below the lower limit of normal. Four patients had mild to moderate thrombocytopenia. This is the first detailed report of pancreatic involvement in young adults with measles. This abnormal finding, its possible underlying mechanisms, and the clinical significance are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Pancreatic enzyme elevation in measles. 753 76

A retrospective study was undertaken of 14 patients (eleven men, three women; mean age 52 [33-68] years in whom haemolysis had occurred during chronic haemodialysis (n = 12) or haemofiltration (n = 2). The haemolysis was of mechanical cause in eight patients, by an osmotic mechanism in one, and of unknown cause in five. Cardinal symptoms were nausea in 14 patients, abdominal pain in nine, vomiting in eight and raised blood pressure in ten. The plasma was discoloured in all patients and there was also an increase in free haemoglobin (110-2400 mg/dl) and (or) lactate dehydrogenase (311-7403 U/l). In all of eleven patients in whom it was measured the activity of serum amylase and (or) lipase was more than doubled (to 73-2400 U/l and 473-16,740 U/l, respectively). All patients were treated symptomatically, three had a blood exchange, two others plasma separation. Eight patients recovered within a few days, but necrotizing pancreatitis developed in six, three of whom died while two had permanent sequelae. This series shows that dialysis-induced acute haemolysis can cause life-threatening pancreatitis. Narrowings within the extracorporeal circuit, not always recognized in current dialysis equipment, are the most frequent cause of the mechanical haemolysis.
 ...
PMID:[Acute hemolysis with subsequent life-threatening pancreatitis in hemodialysis. A complication which is not preventable with current dialysis equipment]. 792 17

Aetiologic factors (gallstones, hyperlipidemia I-IV, hypertriglyceridaemia) make their occurrence, mainly, in the third trimester of gestation. Two cases of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy are described; in both cases patients referred healthy diet, no habit to smoke and no previous episode of pancreatitis. An obstructive pathology of biliary tract was the aetiologic factor. Vomiting, upper abdominal pain are aspecific symptoms that impose a differential diagnosis with acute appendicitis, cholecystitis and obstructive intestinal pathology. Laboratory data (elevated serum amylase and lipase levels) and ultrasonography carry out an accurate diagnosis. The management of acute pancreatitis is based on the use of symptomatic drugs, a low fat diet alternated to the parenteral nutrition when triglycerides levels are more than 28 mmol/L. Surgical therapy, used only in case of obstructive pathology of biliary tract, is optimally collected in the third trimester or immediately after postpartum. Our patients, treated only medically, delivered respectively at 38th and 40th week of gestation. Tempestivity of diagnosis and appropriate therapy permit to improve prognosis of a pathology that, although really associated with pregnancy, presents high maternal mortality (37%) cause of complications (shock, coagulopathy, acute respiratory insufficiency) and fetal (37.9%) by occurrence of preterm delivery.
 ...
PMID:[Acute pancreatitis and pregnancy]. 813 93

This paper describes a case of acute pancreatitis occurring in a patient immediately after delivery and in primigravida. The patient had a family case history of dyslipidemia (Type IV). The pregnancy had been complicated by preeclampsia treated at home with nifedipine tablets (one tablet three times a day) with good results on pressure values; lipidic values were high despite dietary measures taken. The baby at birth weighed 3830 g after physiologic labour and a natural delivery. Acute pancreatitis was diagnosed after observation of epigastralgia with irradiation on the left shoulder, vomiting, symptoms of acute abdomen such as sweating, increased pulse rate, hypotension, abdominal pain on palpation, and absence of peristalsis. An analysis of the blood showed high levels of amylase and hyperglycemia, an increase in XDP, and leucocytosis. Instrumental tests such as pancreatic echography revealed an increase in pancreatic volume, uneven structure of the parenchyma and higher levels of liquid in the peritoneum. The patient was moved to intensive-care, a nasal gastric probe inserted, hydroelectrolytic treatment was begun, vital functions monitored, pain kept under control by medical therapy, and antibiotics administered. Subsequent tests showed an improvement in the parameters of pancreatic functions (amylase, lipase, calcium hematic) and their gradual return to normal values. The computerized tomography of abdomen additionally revealed the presence of pancreatic pseudo-cysts and effusion of peritoneal liquid near the right kidney. The patient was discharged after two weeks in the surgical ward. There are many caused of acute abdomen during and immediately after pregnancy, and one of these is acute pancreatitis, though rare (occurring between 1:3800 and 11.467 according to Rabkin).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy]. 835 Oct 66

The medical records of 101 dogs with acute pancreatitis, diagnosed on the basis of medical histories of acute vomiting, with serum lipase or amylase activity greater than the reference range, or with gross signs of pancreatitis at surgery or histopathologic evidence at necropsy, were evaluated to identify potential risk factors for the development of acute pancreatitis. Age, sex, and breed of dogs with acute pancreatitis were compared with those from a reference population of 100 dogs admitted for other medical emergencies during the same period. Analysis of multiple regression models indicated that dogs > 7 years old were at increased risk for acute pancreatitis. Spayed dogs and castrated male dogs had an increased risk, compared with that of sexually intact males. Similarly, terrier and nonsporting breeds appeared to be at higher risk of developing acute pancreatitis than were other breed types. Most dogs in this study (63/101) had intercurrent diseases, including diabetes mellitus (n = 14), hyperadrenocorticism (n = 12), chronic renal failure (n = 8), neoplasia (n = 17), congestive heart failure (n = 6), and autoimmune disorders (n = 5). Fourteen dogs had undergone anesthesia or surgery in the week before admission; only 3 had undergone abdominal procedures. Recent medication use was listed in 52 of 101 cases. Antibiotics (n = 18) and corticosteroids (n = 18) were most frequently described. Anticancer chemotherapeutic agents (n = 5) and organophosphate insecticides (n = 5) also were listed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Risk factors associated with acute pancreatitis in dogs: 101 cases (1985-1990). 840 36


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>